In countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, euthanasia is permitted under strict legal conditions for patients with incurable illnesses who repeatedly request assistance to end their suffering.
Depending on the law, doctors may either administer life-ending medication directly or prescribe medication for the patient to take themselves, a practice known as medically assisted suicide.
In the Netherlands, more than 10,000 euthanasia cases were recorded in 2025, representing around 6% of all deaths in the country.
A recent poll conducted by IGIHE on social media asked whether Rwanda should consider allowing euthanasia for patients experiencing severe pain with no hope of recovery. Around 1,700 respondents supported the idea, while more than 900 opposed it and hundreds said they were undecided.
Supporters cite dignity and relief from suffering
Several people interviewed by IGIHE, particularly younger respondents from Southern and Western Rwanda, said terminally ill patients should be allowed to choose a dignified death instead of enduring prolonged suffering.
Nineteen-year-old Philbert Irankunda said some illnesses leave patients in unbearable pain with no realistic chance of recovery.
“There are situations where a patient suffers so much that they may personally wish for their pain to end,” he said.
Claude Niyomugabo, 20, said the emotional and financial burden on families can also become overwhelming when treatment offers little hope.
“Some families spend everything they own on treatment even when doctors already know the patient will not recover,” he said. “In such cases, some people believe allowing the patient to die peacefully may be the more humane option.”
Fidele Kanyanzira, 68, expressed a similar view, particularly for elderly patients with irreversible conditions.
“If someone is very old, in constant pain and cannot recover, helping them die peacefully can spare them unnecessary suffering,” he said.
He noted, however, that he would not support such a decision for children or young people.
Religious and cultural beliefs drive opposition
Many opponents of euthanasia said their views are rooted in religious beliefs and the conviction that only God should determine when life ends.
Jean Bosco Akumuntu said Christians believe life is sacred and should not be deliberately ended by human intervention.
“Life comes from God, and only God decides when it ends,” he said. “Helping someone die is something many believers would consider morally wrong.”
An elderly woman interviewed by IGIHE also rejected the idea, arguing that even patients in severe pain should be allowed to die naturally.
“God already knows when a person’s life will end,” she said. “Ending life intentionally is not acceptable.”
Medical professionals highlight ethical dilemmas
A doctor working in Rwanda’s Southern Province told IGIHE that families sometimes exhaust their savings, sell land and lose property trying to care for relatives with terminal illnesses.
“There are cases where families know the patient will not recover, but they continue spending everything they have in search of treatment,” he said.
The doctor explained that euthanasia, where legal, is intended to ease suffering rather than cause harm, as patients are given medication designed to allow a peaceful and painless death.
“The final stages of some illnesses can involve extreme pain,” he said. “Some people believe patients should be allowed to die with dignity rather than continue suffering unnecessarily.”
He added that cultural traditions and strong religious beliefs remain among the main reasons euthanasia — much like cremation — remains widely rejected in Rwanda.
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