President Kagame has also given his consent to the retirement of five senior officers, 28 junior officers, and 60 other ranks. Additionally, six officers have been discharged on medical grounds, while seven have been granted retirement for various reasons. This information has been officially confirmed through a statement released by the RNP on September 27, 2023.
CG Emmanuel Gasana, one of the six commissioners granted retirement, served as the RNP Inspector General from October 19, 2009, until October 18, 2018, when he assumed the role of Governor of the Southern Province. Subsequently, he was appointed as the Governor of the Eastern Province, where he has been serving up to the present.
CP Emmanuel Butera, a retiree, previously held the position of Chief of Operations under the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). He also commanded the RNP’s Counterterrorism Training Centre, located in Mayange, Bugesera District.
CP Vianney Nshimiyimana, another retiree, once served as the Commander of the Police Training School in Gishari.
CP Bruce Munyambo, who is also retiring, has had a distinguished career that included serving as the UNMISS Police Commissioner, as well as holding positions as the Commander of the Police Training School in Gishari and Commissioner in charge of operations.
ACP Damas Gatare, among those granted retirement, served as the Spokesperson of the RNP and as Commissioner of Community Policing.
And if you own a four-wheel, still I believe that you have crossed paths with these elegant rides while cruising within the city.
Whatever it is that you were doing or were going, and maybe you thought they were just new motorbike models on the market, allow me inform you that it’s not just a trend.
Instead, it is Rwanda’s way of curbing down on the carbon emission from these ‘fast’ and ‘convenient’ means of transport.
{{ICE motorcycles impact on climate change }}
According to Rwanda’s National Greenhouse Gas inventory (2018), taxi motorcycles are the second largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions; estimated at 427. 45 gigaton (Gg) which is equivalent to 32.41% of emissions.
Thus, in 2021, the Government of Rwanda in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) launched a project to put more electric motorcycles on Rwanda’s roads, phasing out polluting Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) motorcycles.
{{Understanding the greenhouse and its effects}}
In simpler terms, a greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof used to grow plants.
Because of their design, the houses allow regulation of climatic conditions as they trap sunlight during the day, staying warm inside even in winter.
In the same way, the greenhouse gases produced by human activities trap heat in the atmosphere, making the earth warmer than it should be.
GreenHouse Gases (GHGs)
{{Carbon Dioxide: }} Carbon Dioxide is produced by human activities that involve the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil.
These include; transportation, electricity and industrialisation. According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “without carbon dioxide, earth’s natural greenhouse effect would be too weak to keep the average global surface temperature above freezing.” This is so because carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for up to 1,000 years.
{{Methane:}} Although it stays in the atmosphere for just a decade, a lesser period than carbon dioxide, methane is said to be more efficient at trapping radiation than carbon dioxide.
The gas is produced by human activities such as; leaks from natural gas systems, agriculture( rearing animals), and other forms of land use.
{{Nitrous oxide:}} With a life span of 120 years in the earth’s atmosphere, nitrous oxide emissions are a result of nitrogen fertilisers and fuel combustion as well as wastewater treatment.
{{Why Rwanda is transitioning to electric motorcycles}}
According to the Ministry of Infrastructure, registered motorcycles in Rwanda exceed 100,000 with the majority being ICE.
In May 2020, Rwanda launched a ten-year climate action plan (Nationally Determined Contribution) to reduce 4.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2030. Since ICE motorcycles contribute enormously to carbon emission endangering not only the environment, but also human lives, hence the transition to e-mobility.
With the help of Rwanda Electric Mobility (REM) Limited, the government embarked on a retrofitting pilot project to change ICE motorcycles to electric ones.
In addition, two electric motorcycle brands: Spiro and Ampersand were launched on the market to further strengthen the endeavours.
{{Why embrace electric motorcycles}}
{{Environmentally friendly:}}
By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, electric motorcycles play a vital role in combating climate change.
“While climate change cannot be stopped, we’ll need to reach carbon emissions by 2050 or sooner. Net zero means that no carbon is dumped into the atmosphere and is taken out”, emphasizes the Union of Concerned Scientists.
{{Less expenditure:}}
Speaking to IGIHE recently, Jules Samain, the CEO Spiro Motorcycles said that their motorbike taxi drivers report an increase in profits as running electric motorcycles is cheaper than the old-fashioned ICE motorcycles.
“Some MBTs have told us that their profits have risen from $6 a day to $11 or more,” he stated.
In addition, Spiro offers insurance, mobile phone contracts and other benefits to its riders.
{{Easy daily commuting}}
“Instead of having to make an early morning trip to the gas station when your bike is in the red zone, electric motorcycles allow you to simply plug in and charge up from the comfort of your own home”, said Mark Lindsell.
Furthermore, their easy sleek design paired with high functionality ensures a superior riding experience.
{{Less noise}}
Electric motorcycles not only reduce air pollution, but also noise pollution contributing to healthier and livable cities.
In addition, they are safer in traffic as one can hear the sounds around them.
“Gas motorcycles vibrate while you’re riding or waiting at the traffic lights. Although this issue is becoming better with newer models, that issue will never really go away,” said Mark Lindsell, an expert with electric motorcycles.
{{Low maintenance}}
Jules states that Spiro motorcycles are designed to offer high performance, durability and comfort. “They’re built to handle local terrains and climates effectively”, he remarked, adding that it’s what gives them a competitive edge.
Mark Lindsell also agrees, stating that all the motorcycles need is; “keep it charged, keep your tires pumped, make sure your brakes are working, check your chain, and enjoy the ride”.
{{Instant torque}}
Electric motors produce maximum torque from a standstill which means that electric motorcycles can accelerate immediately and smoothly.
{{Good health and lifestyle}}
Electric motorcycles are cleaner, cheaper to run and maintain than their gasoline counterparts, said Jules.
In 2019, President Paul Kagame shared a plan to convert Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) motorcycles to electric motorcycles.
Thereon, REM embraced Rwanda’s e-mobility vision and developed ‘unique features’ for its motorbike fleets.
In addition, they introduced retrofitting where old fashioned gasoline motorcycles are fully transformed into electric motorcycles.
“The COVID-19 pandemic, impacts of climate change and supply constraints due to the Ukrainian crisis that soared inflation and tightened monetary and financial conditions have exacerbated the existing vulnerabilities of many people in our regions,” Jean Luc Mastaki, the director of the UNECA sub-regional office for Central Africa, was quoted by a UNECA statement as saying.
Mastaki made these remarks during a four-day meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee of Senior Officials and Experts (ICSOE) for Central and Eastern Africa, jointly organized by the UNECA and the government of Burundi. The meeting opened Tuesday in Bujumbura, Burundi.
Mastaki called on participants in the ICSOE meeting to deliberate on tackling the main challenges facing eastern and central African countries, with the aim of boosting industrial and agricultural production with quality and environmental standards.
Mama Keita, the director of the UNECA sub-regional office for Eastern Africa, said that climate change, high food prices, and supply chain disruptions are causing hunger and malnutrition for millions in Central and Eastern Africa. Keita urged participants in the meeting to discuss ways to address the barriers to food security and the potential of digital food platforms, which can facilitate the easier and more cost-effective exchange of food products and information among producers, consumers, and traders.
According to the UNECA, the meeting brought together ministers and high-level policymakers, representatives of international organizations, private sector actors, youth representatives, UN officials, academics, and media practitioners from seven central and 14 eastern African countries, respectively.
The high-level meeting aims to establish Central and Eastern Africa as sources of quality products and investment destinations of choice, with the goal of accelerating industrialization, economic diversification, and strengthening food security, the UNECA said.
According to the UNECA, the meeting will discuss the current and future economic prospects of the central and eastern African regions, which are facing multiple economic and social challenges in the wake of recent global challenges.
The meeting is expected to propose policies, strategies and options to promote intra-African trade in order to increase the quantity and quality of production in the regions so as to strengthen food security, promote economic diversification and attract more investment, the UNECA said.
One dealer in polythene bags was arrested in Kinyinya village, Karambi cell of Ngarama sector, Gatsibo District, transporting about 40,000 pieces of the outlawed non-biodegradable plastic bags.
“On Monday , September 25, at about 6a.m, Police and local authorities intercepted two men in Ryeru village, Ryeru cell in Rwempasha sector, Nyagatare District, transporting 520,000 pieces of plastic bags on two motorcycles. They abandoned the motorcycles and the consignment of plastic bags, and fled,” Superintendent of Police (SP) Hamdun Twizeyimana, the Police spokesperson for the Eastern region, said.
Later at about 2p.m, he added, Police and local leaders arrested a 33-year man in Ngarama, with 40,000 pieces of polythene bags. He intended to traffic them to Kigali.
Last week, Police in Nyagatare District also impounded a vehicle, which was transporting 540000 pieces of polythene bags.
SP Twizeyimana said that there are increased operations against traffickers of plastic bags and thanked the role of the public, who share information on those involved.
Manufacturing, use, importation or sale of plastic carry bags and single-use plastic items are prohibited under article 3 of law N? 17/2019 of 10/08/2019 relating to the prohibition of manufacturing, importation, use, and sale of plastic carry bags and single-use plastic items in Rwanda.
In article 10, any person, who imports plastic carry bags and single-use plastic items is liable to the dispossession of those plastic carry bags and such items, and to an administrative fine equivalent to ten times the value of those plastic carry bags and single-use plastic items.
In article 11, a wholesaler of plastic carry bags and single use plastic items is liable to an administrative fine of Rwf700, 000 and dispossession of those plastic carry bags and such items.
In article 12, a retailer of plastic carry bags and single-use plastic items is liable to an administrative fine of Rwf300,000 and dispossession of those plastic carry bags and such items.
The conference is being held in Nyamata, Bugesera District, and attended by 65 delegates from EAC member states.
In his remarks, Brig Gen J Baptist Ngiruwonsanga, the Head of the Rwandan delegation, welcomed delegates from EAC partner states to the conference. He reiterated Rwanda’s readiness and commitment to host the 13th EAC Armed Forces FTX Ushirikiano Imara 2024.
Col William Rusodoka, the representative of the EAC Secretary General said that the Initial Planning Conference is the second stage of planning process of EAC Exercise meant mainly to practice EAC Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at operational and tactical levels in order to enhance the state of readiness and interoperability of EAC Partner States’ Armed Forces, Police, Civilian Components and other stakeholders in responding to complex security challenges.
The IPC is expected to consider exercise write-up, timelines, proposed budget on logistic support, Civil- Military Cooperation projects to be carried out during the conduct of the FTX. The Conference will also discuss administrative and logistics plan and conduct guided survey of the exercise sites.
The meeting is being held in accordance with Article 2 of the EAC Protocol on Cooperation in Defence Affairs and pursuant to the Defence Sector Calendar of activities.
Its curriculum now encompasses an array of medical courses, including Reflexology, Massage Therapy, Gym and Fitness Instruction, as well as comprehensive courses in Film Making and Television Production, spanning durations of three to six months.
With a belief that equipping students with the necessary tools and hands-on experience is pivotal to their success in vocational and technical fields, the school has invested in state-of-the-art equipment and emphasizes practical skill development to ensure students are well-prepared for real-world challenges.
Dr. Francis Habumugisha, CEO of Goodrich Group, shed light on the college’s inception, explaining that it was born out of a pressing need for improved skills in the industry.
“We noticed a deficit in the quality of services provided by professionals in these fields. Many massage therapists, whether in healthcare facilities or hospitality establishments, lacked the fundamental knowledge needed to perform their roles effectively.
Our approach begins with imparting a strong foundation in the human body’s structure and function, laying the groundwork for our specialized courses,” he remarked.
In the realm of film making and video production, Dr. Habumugisha emphasized the college’s commitment to excellence.
“We have equipped our students with modern equipment and offer them hands-on experience at our company’s television station, Goodrich TV. This practical exposure ensures that they graduate with the relevant skills and competencies demanded by the industry.
For instance, the shortage of control room technicians in Rwanda led us to provide this knowledge, ensuring that our graduates are readily employable both domestically and internationally.”
Patra Omamo, Director of Star Professional College, emphasized that these courses are not restricted to individuals with prior educational backgrounds in the field but are open to anyone eager to expand their knowledge and acquire new skills.
The college has bolstered its resources for both medical and film-related programs, employing expert instructors trained by the International Therapeutics Examination Council (ITEC London).
Omamo highlighted the college’s international connections, stating, “Through our collaboration with ITEC London, students at Star Professional College can earn international degrees and even pursue further education abroad.”
Registration for courses beginning in October 2023 is currently open. With a capacity to accommodate over 100 students, aspiring individuals are invited to join us on a journey of skill acquisition and professional growth at Star Professional College.
The cost of one kilogram of Gikungu variety potatoes has surged to an astounding Rwf2000, causing widespread disruptions in consumer patterns and raising concerns among the population.
Additionally, the price of Kinigi variety potatoes ranges from Rwf700 to Rwf800.
This price hike is unprecedented in Rwandan memory, prompting many to ponder the age-old adage, “time will tell.”
The surge in potato prices can be attributed to a delicate combination of climatic uncertainties and economic speculations. Historically, the northern and western regions of the country were known for their abundant potato production. However, the landscape has significantly transformed over time.
Apollinaire Karegeya, a respected farmer from the Musanze district, sheds light on the climatic dimension of the issue.
He points out that major climate disruptions, particularly in the Nyange and Kinigi areas, affected nearly 80% of the potato crops last May.
Flooding during that period wreaked havoc on these regions, exacerbating the potato shortage.
However, the challenges facing Rwanda’s potato market are not limited to climatic factors alone.
Testimonies gathered from local traders suggest that some of the potatoes sold in Kigali might be originating from Malawi, a country with which Rwanda has no direct trade agreements.
It has been reported that these products are being registered as Tanzanian before entering the Rwandan market through the Tunduma border post on the Tanzanian side.
Dr. Florence Uwamahoro, the Deputy Director General in charge of Agriculture Development at Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Board (RAB), offers insights into another dimension of the problem.
She suggests that the current shortage is primarily a result of the choice of crop cycles. Dr. Uwamahoro remains optimistic about the future, emphasizing ongoing efforts to promote potato cultivation.
The Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI), Dr. Ildefonse Musafiri, has disclosed that Rwanda’s annual potato consumption exceeds one million tonnes, while local production falls short at 700,000 tonnes.
This glaring gap necessitates imports, despite Rwanda’s considerable agricultural potential.
The Minister of Trade and Industry, Dr. Jean Chrysostome Ngabitsinze, acknowledges the decline in local production and confirms that the majority of potato imports come from Uganda and Kenya.
However, he expresses skepticism regarding allegations involving Malawi.
Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA) has initiated an investigation to clarify the current state of the market.
Mrs. Béatrice Uwumukiza, RICA Director General, has said that the institution is committed to safeguarding the interests of Rwandan consumers during this uncertain period.
In this tense context, individuals like James Mudaheranwa, an agronomist at Seed Potato Fund (SPF), see an opportunity.
SPF has around 23 branches in ten districts that grow potatoes to help farmers in need of seeds.
According to Mudaheranwa, SPF can store up to 15 tonnes per year but stressed the need for farmers to be also actively involved in the storage of potatoes for themselves as a backup.
SPF aims to stabilize the market by providing high-quality seeds.
Mudaheranwa is confident that, despite the challenges, increased cooperation among stakeholders in the sector can ensure adequate potato production to meet the country’s needs.
In this article, we will delve into the implications of this five-year prescription period in divorce proceedings and analyze its significance in family law.
{{Understanding the grounds for divorce}}
Article 218 of Law No. 32/2016 enumerates several grounds upon which a spouse can seek divorce. These grounds include adultery, desertion, conviction for an offense severely tainting the honor, refusal to provide for household needs, excess or abuse, gender-based violence, de facto separation, and non-cohabitation. Each of these grounds reflects specific circumstances that can lead to the dissolution of a marriage.
{{The five-year prescription period}}
The noteworthy provision in Article 220 imposes a time limit on initiating divorce proceedings.
According to this article, an action for divorce expires after five years from the time of discovering the cause of divorce. This means that once a spouse becomes aware of a valid reason for seeking divorce, they have a five-year window to initiate legal proceedings. After this period, their right to seek divorce based on that particular cause becomes null and void.
{{Implications of the five-year prescription period}}
{{Protecting spouses from stale claims:}} The prescription period serves to protect individuals from facing divorce proceedings based on ancient grievances. It prevents spouses from bringing up long-forgotten issues that might have lost their relevance or credibility over time. This provision encourages timely resolution of marital disputes.
{{Encouraging communication and reconciliation:}} By imposing a time limit on divorce proceedings, the law encourages spouses to address their issues promptly and consider reconciliation. It sends a message that divorce should not be rushed into but should be considered carefully, allowing room for possible reconciliation.
{{Legal certainty and stability:}} The five-year prescription period offers legal certainty to both spouses. It ensures that once a significant issue is discovered, there is a defined timeframe within which divorce proceedings must be initiated. This clarity helps prevent prolonged uncertainty and litigation.
{{Adapting to changing circumstances:}} Circumstances within a marriage can change over time. The prescription period acknowledges that what may have been a valid reason for divorce at one point may no longer hold true after several years. It encourages spouses to reevaluate their situation and make informed decisions.
Rwanda’s Law No. 32/2016, which governs divorce proceedings, includes a five-year prescription period from the time of discovering the cause of divorce.
This provision has several implications, including protecting spouses from stale claims, encouraging communication and reconciliation, providing legal certainty, and allowing for adaptability to changing circumstances within a marriage.
While the law seeks to balance the interests of both spouses, it also underlines the importance of addressing marital issues in a timely and responsible manner. As with any legal provision, its effectiveness and fairness will depend on its application in practice and the unique circumstances of each case.
Speaking to IGIHE, Déogratias Rutayisire, the executive secretary of Kigeyo Sector, confirmed this incident.
“We received information that the man had engaged in a heated argument with his wife, leading to a fighting between the spouses. Following this, the man returned to his task of preparing pancakes. Later, he was found hanging with a rope made from a mosquito net around his neck. His child was also found hanging,” he revealed.
Rutayisire went on to describe the circumstances surrounding their deaths as mysterious and emphasized that an investigation is currently underway to uncover the truth.
In a press conference convened on Sunday, following his return from an official visit to Cuba and the United States, President Ndayishimiye sought to reassure the citizens about the resilience of his administration. While in New York, he participated in the United Nations General Assembly session.
In the preceding week, reports had surfaced suggesting an alleged plot to overthrow the Burundian government. These rumors gained traction due to unverified accounts claiming that President Ndayishimiye had issued an order to Prime Minister Gervais Ndirakobuca to remove General Prime Niyongabo, the Chief of Defense Staff.
Moreover, additional reports indicated that the Prime Minister had purportedly resisted this directive, fueling speculations of potential discord within the government. It is important to note that the accuracy of these reports remains uncertain, yet they gave rise to concerns of a potential coup in the making.
In response, President Ndayishimiye firmly asserted that such rumors were propagated by individuals with malicious intent, aiming to tarnish Burundi’s international reputation.
“While we have faced similar challenges in the past, today our nation enjoys peace and stability. Rest assured, and continue your daily activities without any hindrance,” he stated.
Even before the President’s return, the Ministry of Security had attempted to allay concerns through social media, affirming that there was no imminent emergency situation to report.
Burundi has a history marked by several coup attempts, with nine recorded episodes to date, some successful while others were thwarted.
