Nasir County Commissioner Gatluak Lew told the media that the midnight air strike had also claimed the life of the local paramount chief Paul Bol.
“Last night, 17 people died on the spot after the bombing and five were injured. However, now only one injured person is alive as the rest have succumbed to their injuries. I can confirm that 21 people died in the air strike,” he said.
The aerial bombing comes less than two weeks after government forces withdrew from the area following intense fighting with an ethnic militia, the White Army.
A South Sudanese general was among around 27 soldiers killed on March 7 when a UN helicopter trying to evacuate them from Nasir came under attack.
Witnesses called on the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces (SSPDF) and the Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF) to halt the attacks, alleging they target residential areas and destroy homes. The details came after the Ugandan troops warned the local militia in Nasir to surrender or be targeted.
“Our mission in South Sudan has just begun. I want to offer the White Army an opportunity to surrender to the UPDF force before it’s too late. We seek brotherhood and unity. But if [they] dare to fight us, you will all die,” warned Uganda’s Chief of Defence Forces Muhoozi Kainerugaba.
Last week Uganda said it had deployed special forces in Juba to “secure it”. The South Sudanese government at the time denied the presence of Ugandan troops in the country.
However, on Monday, government spokesman Michael Makuei confirmed the presence of UPDF forces in the country “to back up and support the (national army) according to their needs”.he told journalists at a news conference on Monday morning.
The clashes in Nasir, near the Ethiopian border, between national forces and the White Army, a loosely organized group mostly comprising armed ethnic Nuer youths, has threatened to reignite the 2013-2018 civil war in which hundreds of thousands of people died.
The government accuses the party of First Vice President Riek Machar, a Nuer, of collaborating with the White Army, which fought alongside Machar’s forces during the civil war against the predominantly ethnic Dinka troops loyal to President Salva Kiir. Machar’s party has denied involvement.
The move has sparked widespread controversy, with critics warning that it undermines America’s global media influence. The White House announced that the order would ensure taxpayers no longer fund what it described as biased content.
The decision follows criticism from politicians and right-wing media outlets, which have long accused VOA of favoring left-leaning narratives. Established during World War II to counter Nazi propaganda, VOA reaches hundreds of millions of people globally each week.
The executive order also targets its parent organization, the U.S. Agency for Global Media (USAGM), which oversees other entities such as Radio Free Europe and Radio Free Asia.
These organizations were initially created to counter communist propaganda during the Cold War. Under the order, managers have been instructed to minimize operations to the bare minimum required by law.
VOA employees were reportedly notified of the changes via email from Crystal Thomas, USAGM’s Human Resources Director.
President Trump has frequently accused mainstream media outlets of bias, labelling networks such as CNN and MSNBC as “corrupt.” His latest move against VOA is seen as part of a broader effort to reshape U.S. media institutions.
VOA, which launched in 1942 with its first broadcast transmitted on a BBC-loaned device, has long been a cornerstone of U.S. international broadcasting. Its public charter, signed by former President Gerald Ford in 1976, was designed to safeguard its editorial independence.
However, the executive order has already had significant repercussions. Freelance workers and international contractors were reportedly informed of a funding halt, while federal grants for Radio Free Asia and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty have been terminated.
Mike Abramowitz, VOA’s Director, revealed that nearly all 1,300 staff members, including himself, have been placed on paid leave following the order.
He warned that the move jeopardizes VOA’s critical mission, particularly at a time when misinformation from U.S. adversaries like Iran, China, and Russia is on the rise.
“This decision hinders VOA’s ability to counter disinformation and promote democratic values globally,” Abramowitz said. “It is a blow to our mission and to the millions who rely on us for accurate and unbiased news.”
The executive order has also raised concerns about the politicization of U.S. international broadcasting. Trump recently appointed Kari Lake, a loyalist and former news anchor, as a special adviser for USAGM, a move seen as an attempt to exert greater control over the agency.
Critics argue that dismantling VOA and its sister organizations could weaken America’s ability to project soft power and counter authoritarian narratives abroad.
Supporters of the order, however, contend that it is a necessary step to eliminate bias and ensure taxpayer funds are used responsibly. As the implications of the executive order unfold, the future of U.S. international broadcasting remains uncertain.
The move has ignited a fierce debate about the role of government-funded media in a democratic society and the balance between editorial independence and accountability.
The White House has yet to provide further details on how the dismantling process will be implemented or what will replace the existing structure.
For now, VOA and its affiliates face an unprecedented challenge as they navigate the fallout from President Trump’s latest intervention.
Through a groundbreaking oculoplastic surgery in the UAE, Jovi has regained not only a natural appearance but also the confidence that had eluded her since childhood.
The procedure has allowed her to heal from decades of emotional distress and regain a sense of completeness.
{{A childhood accident that changed everything}}
At just seven years old, an innocent game with friends took a tragic turn when a stick struck her eye, causing irreversible damage. The injury led to the removal of her eyeball, a loss that shaped her self-image for decades to come.
As she matured, the emotional scars ran even deeper than the physical ones. Jovi struggled with self-esteem, avoiding social interactions and shying away from mirrors. “I believed there was no solution for me. I felt different, incomplete. I hated looking at my reflection and lacked confidence,” she shared.
Despite building a happy family life, the emotional weight of her condition remained. For years, she resigned herself to the belief that her situation was permanent, until she discovered a potential solution through Dr. Fairooz PM, a Specialist Oculoplastic Surgeon at Medcare Hospital in Sharjah.
{{A life-changing opportunity}}
Upon consultation, Fairooz explained that Jovi’s eye socket had significantly shrunken over the years due to the absence of an eyeball, making it nearly impossible for her to wear a prosthesis comfortably.
However, with advancements in oculoplastic surgery, a new approach offered her hope, socket reconstruction to restore volume and allow for a natural-looking prosthetic eye.
“Jovi had been living with this trauma for decades, convinced that there was no viable solution. Our goal was not only to improve her appearance but also to help her heal emotionally. She deserved to see herself as whole again,” Fairooz explained.
{{A complex but transformative procedure}}
Given the deterioration of Jovi’s eye socket, a highly specialized procedure was required. Fairooz recommended socket reconstruction using a Dermis Fat Graft, a technique that transplants tissue from another part of the body to restore lost volume and create enough space for a prosthesis.
“This surgery required absolute precision,” said Fairooz. “Any miscalculation could have affected the aesthetics of her face. We carefully reconstructed the socket and deepened the fornix, ensuring the prosthetic eye would sit naturally.”
The intricate surgery lasted three hours, followed by a ten-week healing period. Once the recovery process was complete, a customized ocular prosthesis was designed to match the color and structure of her natural eye, seamlessly restoring symmetry to her face.
Beyond the medical transformation, this journey was about Jovi reclaiming her identity. Living with an eye condition for over three decades had profoundly impacted her psychological well-being. Now, for the first time since childhood, she could look in the mirror without feeling self-conscious.
“This wasn’t just about physical appearance. For patients like Jovi, losing an eye isn’t only a medical issue, it’s an emotional struggle. Restoring their confidence is just as significant as the surgery itself,” Fairooz emphasized.
Having lived in the UAE for 17 years, Jovi was overwhelmed with emotions when she saw the final result.
“For years, I felt like people only saw what I had lost. Now, I feel like myself again. This surgery has changed my life in ways I never imagined. I can smile freely and engage socially without fear. I am endlessly grateful to for getting a fresh start,” she said.
The event, themed “Think Before You Follow, Wise Money Tomorrow,” aims to equip the youth with the knowledge and skills necessary to make informed financial decisions.
Justice Oyakhilome Anthony, Country Director of the International Association of Students in Economics and Business (AIESEC) in Rwanda, emphasized the importance of financial literacy in shaping the future of the country’s economy.
He called on young people to be deliberate in their financial decisions and avoid being swayed by trends and misinformation.
“In today’s world, we are surrounded by financial advice and trends, but not all of it is valuable. It is crucial for young people to think critically before making financial choices. Financial security is not a product of chance but of deliberate, informed, and wise decisions,” he stated.
Anthony reiterated that AIESEC in Rwanda has been committed to financial education for over a decade. “For 13 years, we have championed this cause because we believe in the power of financial literacy to transform the leaders of tomorrow. Through this initiative, we are giving young people the tools they need to take control of their financial future,” he added.
Gladys Miria Usabase, a financial inclusion and education analyst at the National Bank of Rwanda, cautioned young people against making financial decisions based on social media influencers and urged them to be mindful of online scams.
“It is essential for the youth to be vigilant in the digital world. Scammers are everywhere, and protecting personal financial information should be a priority. We advise young people to start early by practicing budgeting, saving, and investing. Even the smallest savings can grow into meaningful investments,” she said.
She also highlighted the National Bank of Rwanda’s commitment to safeguarding young clients in their financial dealings. “We will continue to protect young people as they interact with financial institutions. For those seeking credible financial advice, our website offers resources to guide them in making informed decisions.”
Pierre Celestin Rwabukumba, CEO of the Rwanda Stock Exchange, expressed the RSE’s long-standing dedication to financial education. He emphasized the importance of educating the youth, noting that they represent the country’s demographic dividend and future economic stability.
“If you are not educating your youth, you are losing it. From the very beginning, we saw the need to serve this underserved population. Many young people are unaware of financial literacy, and it is our duty to ensure they understand they are the future of Rwanda’s economy,” Rwabukumba declared.
The launch of Global Money Week in Rwanda marks another milestone in the ongoing effort to promote financial literacy among the youth. With the collective support of government agencies, financial institutions, and education organizations, young people are being equipped with the knowledge and tools needed to make sound financial decisions.
As the week unfolds, participants will engage in workshops, discussions, and interactive activities designed to enhance their financial understanding.
The three-month COP2025 outreach activities are part of Kwibohora 31. It is held under the theme: “Rwanda Citizens in Partnership with Defence and Security Organs celebrating Kwibohora 31, and 25 years of RNP contribution to National Development.”
The countrywide human security initiatives will focus mainly on providing free medical services, heifer; construction of houses for the disadvantaged families, constructing roads connecting communities, extending clean water to remote communities, construction of Early Childhood Development (ECD) centres, and environmental protection.
The Minister of Infrastructure, Dr. Jimmy Gasore and Inspector General of Police (IGP), CG Felix Namuhoranye launched the initiatives in Cyanika, Burera District, where they handed over a dummy cheque of Frw10 million to a cooperative of former smugglers.
In Rulindo District, the Minister of Local Government, Dr. Patrice Mugenzi alongside the RDF Army Chief of Staff, Maj Gen Vincent Nyakarundi, officially launched the construction of a 2.5km water supply system to Cyinzuzi Health Center and neighbouring communities.
The Minister of Health, Dr Sabin Nsanzimana together with the RDF Medical Health Service Chief of Staff, Maj Gen Dr Ephrem Rurangwa, launched the COP25 activities in Nyagatare District will focus on the provision of medical services, including orthopedics, general surgery, urology, ENT, dental, ophthalmology, dermatology, gynecology and obstetrics, internal medicine, pediatrics and family planning.
In Nyabihu District, the Minister of Interior, Dr. Vincent Biruta accompanied by the Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIGP) in Charge of Administration and Personnel, DCG Jeanne Chantal Ujeneza launched the construction of ECDs.
The launch of COP25 in City of Kigali was presided over by the Minister of State for Education, Claudette Irere together with the Deputy IGP in Charge of Operations, Vincent Sano, while the RDF Reserve Force Chief of Staff, Maj Gen Alex Kagame and the Executive Secretary of the Southern Province Nshimiyimana Vedaste, launched the construction of 10 houses for disadvantaged families in Nyanza District, Muyira Sector.
Despite the severed ties, many are questioning the future of Belgian-led initiatives in Rwanda, including schools, businesses, and transportation services.
Speaking to RBA, Alain Mukurarinda, Rwanda’s Deputy Government Spokesperson, reassured the public that certain activities would continue to operate to avoid disruptions for beneficiaries.
“For instance, regarding the École Belge de Kigali, the academic year is already in progress and will conclude in June 2025. There should be no issue for students finishing this school year. The diplomatic break applies to embassies, not students or Belgian teachers, who make up about 90% of the school’s staff. Regular school employees were not expelled, so students will be able to complete the academic year.”
Mukurarinda added that while Belgium previously provided financial support to the school, the existing budget is expected to sustain operations for the remainder of the academic year. A long-term solution will be explored if diplomatic ties remain severed.
Regarding travel and trade, Mukurarinda noted that RwandAir flights to Belgium and Brussels Airlines flights to Rwanda may continue, though some aspects of operations could be affected.
“Belgium’s economic interests in Rwanda do not vanish overnight. Even with our historical ties, it is impossible to completely sever all relations,” he explained.
Mukuralinda further elucidated that many businesses operate independently of diplomatic agreements, where Belgian companies and investors will likely continue their activities in Rwanda
Before the diplomatic rift, Rwanda’s ambassador to Belgium also represented the country at the European Union, given that the EU headquarters is in Brussels. With the shift, Rwanda has reassigned these responsibilities to its ambassador in Germany.
Mukurarinda emphasized that the decision to cut ties with Belgium was not made lightly but was preceded by multiple warnings. He pointed to Belgium’s one-sided stance on regional tensions between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as a key factor in the decision.
“The DRC has its narrative, and Rwanda has its own. Belgium, having colonized both countries, is well aware of their histories, including how borders were drawn and ethnic identities recorded. Given this knowledge, Belgium should not take one side while dismissing Rwanda’s concerns,” he stated.
Rwanda views Belgium’s approach as unacceptable, especially as Belgium has continued to impose economic and diplomatic pressure on Rwanda while disregarding Kigali’s perspective.
Tensions escalated when Belgium refused to accept Rwanda’s newly appointed ambassador due to his past assignments in the DRC and South Africa, despite the fact that he had no criminal record or legal charges against him. In response, Rwanda rejected Belgium’s designated ambassador.
In February 2025, Rwanda officially terminated its cooperation agreements with Belgium, canceling development projects worth €95 million (approximately RWF 140 billion) that had been planned for 2024-2029. The remaining €80 million (RWF 118 billion) in project funds will no longer be implemented.
Mukurarinda criticized Belgium’s persistent efforts to isolate Rwanda by urging international organizations and financial institutions to impose sanctions.
“While Belgium aggressively lobbies for Rwanda’s isolation, pushing for development sanctions and penalties, where do they place Rwanda’s concerns?” he questioned.
He stressed that Rwanda had made repeated diplomatic efforts to resolve these issues with Belgium, but Brussels remained uncooperative. Consequently, Rwanda saw no reason to maintain what it viewed as a deceptive and hypocritical relationship.
Mukurarinda urged Rwandans to support the government’s decision, emphasizing that the move was necessary to safeguard Rwanda’s sovereignty.
The talks were organized under the mediation of Angolan President João Lourenço, who also serves as the Chairperson of the African Union (AU).
However, just a day before the scheduled discussions, AFC/M23 issued an official statement signed by political spokesperson, Lawrence Kanyuka, declaring its withdrawal, citing international sanctions and ongoing military actions by the Kinshasa government as key reasons.
In the statement released on March 17, 2025, the group expressed frustration over what it described as deliberate efforts to obstruct the negotiations.
“The Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC/M23) deeply regrets that certain international institutions are deliberately undermining peace efforts in the Democratic Republic of Congo and obstructing the much-anticipated talks,” the statement reads.
AFC/M23 particularly pointed to the latest sanctions imposed on its members, stating that these measures have hindered the credibility of the negotiations.
“Successive sanctions imposed on our members, including those enacted on the eve of the Luanda discussions, severely undermine direct dialogue and make any progress impossible,” the group declared.
Additionally, the statement accused President Félix Tshisekedi’s administration of continuing military aggression against AFC/M23 forces and civilian areas.
“This incomprehensible and ambiguous stance only encourages Mr. Félix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo to continue with his warmongering program,” the statement claimed.
The group further alleged that the Kinshasa regime and its allies were responsible for indiscriminate attacks on both civilian areas and AFC/M23 positions, utilizing heavy artillery and aerial bombardments.
“AFC/M23 draws the attention of the International and National Community to the warmongering campaign of the coalition forces of Kinshasa regime through multiple ground attacks and indiscriminate bombardments of densely populated areas as well as our positions, using fighter jets and CH-4 combat drones,” the statement added.
Given these circumstances, AFC/M23 announced that it could no longer take part in the peace talks. “Under these circumstances, the talks have become impracticable. Consequently, our organisation can no longer continue to participate in the discussions,” the statement concluded.
The decision came just hours after AFC/M23 had initially confirmed sending a five-member delegation to Angola to represent the group in the negotiations.
Meanwhile, the Congolese government had also confirmed its participation, with a delegation led by Transport Minister Jean-Pierre Bemba, a former Minister of Defense and leader of the armed group Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC).
With the collapse of these talks, the future of peace efforts in eastern DRC remains uncertain, as both sides continue to trade accusations over the ongoing hostilities.
Beneath its rolling hills lies a wealth of minerals that have become critical to the country’s economic ambitions.
The nation is endowed with high-value minerals, including Wolfram, Cassiterite, and Coltan—essential components in the production of aerospace equipment, military technology, and consumer electronics.
These minerals are in high demand globally, positioning Rwanda as a key player in the supply chain of strategic raw materials.
Mining has long been a cornerstone of Rwanda’s economic development, and today, the sector is expanding rapidly.
Annual mineral production ranges between 8,000 and 10,000 tons, and with the government’s push for modernization and investment, the industry continues to attract both local and international stakeholders.
A visit to several mining sites across the country provides a glimpse into the scale of these operations, where mining companies are extracting and refining minerals to meet both local and international demand.
Among the many licensed mining operations, several sites stand out in terms of production and employment.
The Nyakabingo mine in Rulindo, the Rukaragata mine in Ngororero, the Mwurire-Nzige-Rubona mines in Rwamagana, and the Bashyamba mine in Nyarugenge collectively produce around 2,000 tons of minerals annually.
These operations employ nearly 5,000 workers, supporting thousands of families and making mining one of the most impactful industries in the country.
{{A sector driven by investment and innovation}}
Mining in Rwanda is capital-intensive, with investors injecting millions of dollars into exploration, machinery, and infrastructure to improve efficiency.
Trinity Metals, which operates the Nyakabingo mine, has invested over $40 million in its operations, while Power M, which runs the Rukaragata site, has allocated significant resources to mechanizing its processes.
With a combination of surface and underground mining techniques, these companies are ensuring that Rwanda’s mineral reserves remain productive for decades to come.
Studies indicate that, if managed efficiently, these deposits could sustain mining activities for at least 50 years.
The growth of the sector is not only benefiting investors but also transforming the lives of workers.
For many miners, the industry has provided financial stability and opportunities to improve their standard of living.
Twizerimana Jean Claude, a miner at the Bashyamba site, shared how his work has enabled him to build a future.
“When I started working here, I earned Frw 94,000 in my first week. The following week, I was paid Frw 114,000. In two weeks, my lowest pay was Frw 190,000. When mining conditions are good, I can earn up to Frw 800,000 in 15 days,” he said.
Similarly, Yankurije Betty, who has worked at the Rukaragata mine for seven years, described how mining has helped her achieve financial independence.
“In these seven years, I have achieved so much. Before, I had no money, but now I pay for my children’s education, built a house, bought two cows, and acquired land worth Frw 600,000,” she explained.
{{Economic contribution}}
The impact of mining extends beyond individual workers to the national economy. According to the Rwanda Mining Board, mineral exports generated over $1.1 billion in 2023, marking a 43% increase from the previous year.
The National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda further reported that as of January 2025, mineral output had risen by 4.3% compared to the same period in 2024.
Despite Rwanda’s established mineral wealth, external claims have occasionally questioned the country’s reserves, suggesting that significant mineral deposits lie just beyond its borders.
However, geological research strongly disputes this. Ray Power, a British investor and owner of Power M in Ngororero, as well as Power Resources International, a coltan refinery in Bugesera, dismissed these claims.
According to him, minerals do not have borders given that the region shares the same geological characteristics.
He further revealed that a 600-meter section of his mining site contains deposits that could be extracted for the next 16 years using modern techniques.
The Kibaran-Angolan Belt, a mineral-rich geological formation, runs through Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Zambia, and the Central African Republic, further confirming the country’s resource potential.
Donat Nsengumuremyi, the Division Manager of the Mining Extraction and Inspection Division at the Rwanda Mining Board, reinforced this point.
“Rwanda has abundant mineral resources because it is situated within the Kibaran Belt, right at its core. If we are at the center, that means we have significant deposits. There is still a long way to go in terms of exploration,” he said.
He also noted that while Rwanda has made remarkable progress in mining, the sector is still in its early stages of deep exploration.
“Unlike other countries that have drilled up to two kilometers deep, Rwanda has yet to reach even one kilometer in depth,” he added.
{{Investing in research and mineral processing}}
To ensure sustainable growth, Rwanda has invested in mining education and research. Since 2015, the University of Rwanda has expanded its mining program, increasing the number of trained geologists and mining engineers.
These efforts have been critical in ensuring compliance with environmental and safety regulations while optimizing production processes.
Beyond tin, tungsten, and tantalum, Rwanda is also home to gold, lithium, gemstones, and sapphire, particularly in the Western Province.
Ongoing studies continue to map and quantify these resources, further solidifying Rwanda’s standing in the global mining industry.
A major focus for Rwanda is increasing local mineral processing capacity. The government aims to refine 80% of extracted minerals domestically by 2029, up from the current 40%.
This shift is expected to reduce reliance on raw mineral exports while strengthening the country’s industrial sector.
Investments in key refineries such as Gasabo Gold Refinery, LuNa Smelter, and Power Resources International Ltd are already improving Rwanda’s ability to process gold, tin, and coltan.
In addition, a three-year geological survey is underway to assess high-potential mining areas, with a focus on lithium, gold, cassiterite, and coltan—minerals that are highly sought after in global markets.
With continued investment and strategic policy improvements, Rwanda aims to increase the mining sector’s contribution to the economy to $2.2 billion by 2029.
Speaking candidly on The Long Form podcast about the ethnic violence that shaped his youth and the resilience that propelled him forward, Dr. Biruta offered a rare glimpse into the experiences that forged his commitment to a unified and stable Rwanda.
Born in 1958 in Rulindo District, Dr. Biruta was just a year old when the 1959 violence against the Tutsi ethnic community erupted, setting the stage for decades of sectarian strife.
Reflecting on his childhood, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs recalled, “As a young child, I heard my parents and visitors talk about violent events: destroyed properties, relatives in exile. It made me aware that I was growing up in an unstable, unsafe environment. You understood you were a target for violence.”
This early awareness planted the seeds of a political consciousness that would later define his career.
The turning point came in 1973 when, at age 15, Dr. Biruta was expelled from Kabgayi Seminary, where he was attending secondary school, during the ethnic purges.
“We were expelled on April 15, I believe,” he recounted. “I went home, planning to go into exile in Zaire on July 6. But on July 5, the borders closed due to a curfew, so I couldn’t leave.”
The thwarted escape—narrowly averted by chance—kept him in Rwanda, where he later returned to school despite the odds.
“I was fortunate to be accepted back, though I had to repeat a year. Not everyone was so lucky,” he added, underscoring the precariousness of those times.
His pursuit of education faced steep hurdles due to Rwanda’s discriminatory policies against Tutsis. “Discrimination limited Tutsi access to public schools,” he explained.
At Kabgayi Seminary, the Catholic Church provided an alternative.
“I didn’t necessarily want to be a priest—it was my only chance at secondary education. I took exams for both public schools and seminaries to maximize my chances.”
The Church sought bright students, and Dr. Biruta qualified: “If you met academic and Christian criteria, you could get in. I was fortunate to be accepted.”
After surviving the 1973 expulsion, he graduated from secondary school in 1978 and applied to the National University of Rwanda’s Faculty of Medicine.
“Medical school wasn’t the most popular choice—it was tough, six years with four terms annually, unlike law or economics, which were shorter and led to better-paying jobs,” he said.
“But they selected the best science students from secondary schools. I was lucky to be accepted.”
His motivation was both practical and idealistic: “I’d wanted to be a doctor since I was young… by a desire to serve the community and work independently, not reliant on government goodwill. The 1973 events also lingered; I thought medicine would help me integrate if I went into exile.”
Dr. Biruta graduated in September 1984, but even then, discrimination persisted. “The best graduates were typically selected as assistants at the university hospital, with opportunities for specialization. Despite qualifying, I and other Tutsi colleagues were sidelined and sent elsewhere,” he recounted.
Assigned to Byumba Hospital, he began his career as a doctor, later rising to director of Ruhengeri District Hospital in 1988.
The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi once again put his survival instincts to the test. Living in Kigali’s Kimihurura neighbourhood near the parliament, Dr. Biruta narrowly escaped death and was ultimately rescued by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which ended the genocide and liberated the country from the genocidal government.
“I was rescued on April 8 by RPF soldiers,” he said. “They came to our houses—I recognized them and opened the gate.” The rescue came amid chaos, just days after the genocide began.
“They weren’t looking only for me; they were saving people in that area,” he clarified.
“We stayed at parliament, later moving to Byumba at the war’s end.”
Reflecting on his survival, he remarked, “I was not arrested in 1990, I managed to relocate from Ruhengeri on February 6, 1993, two days before an RPF attack, and I was at home when the plane of President Habyarimana went down. It’s just fortune.”
His family, too, was spared, though he kept his fears private: “You don’t show your children you’re anxious… but I’d tell my wife, ‘X, Y, Z have been arrested. If I’m taken, know where the money and food are, and move.’”
After the liberation of the country, he played a pivotal role in rebuilding Rwanda’s health system and the PSD, eventually rising to its presidency in 2001.
“We identified surviving members uninvolved in the genocide, formed a political bureau, and rebuilt,” he noted, highlighting the painstaking effort to restore both party and nation.
Today, as a cabinet minister and party leader, Dr. Biruta balances immense responsibilities with a quiet pragmatism.
“You have to find time for all these aspects, prioritizing what the country has entrusted you with,” he said of his dual roles.
Defending Rwanda’s consensus-driven governance model against critics who call it a one-party state, he argued, “Our constitution… reflects our history and culture—not the U.S. or Norway. Results—like development—prove it works.”
Looking ahead, Dr. Biruta remains optimistic yet vigilant. “I’m excited by Rwanda’s development path—achieving more, faster,” he said, though he cautioned, “I worry about our region—conflicts and leadership challenges could slow us.”
His story, from a child marked by violence to a leader shaping Rwanda’s future, embodies resilience and purpose—a narrative he hopes will inspire the nation’s youth.
Watch the full interview on The Long Form Podcast below:
This decision was part of the resolutions from the 173rd General Assembly of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Rwanda, which took place from March 11 to March 14, 2025.
The meeting brought together various bishops and was led by Antoine Cardinal Kambanda, the Archbishop of Kigali and President of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Rwanda. It was attended by bishops from all nine Catholic dioceses in the country.
During the assembly, the bishops discussed several issues, including the closure of churches across the country due to non-compliance with government regulations. They also reviewed the new directives issued by the Rwanda Governance Board (RGB) concerning faith-based organizations.
Additionally, the meeting addressed the restructuring of the commissions and services of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference, along with other important matters affecting the Church.
Following discussions on the closure of churches, the bishops noted that some have remained closed for seven months despite having fulfilled the necessary requirements. They resolved to once again appeal to the relevant authorities to allow these churches to reopen.
Furthermore, they committed to continued dialogue with government institutions to ensure a better understanding and implementation of the new regulations governing religious organizations.
The Catholic Church’s request aligns with similar concerns raised by other religious denominations operating in Rwanda. Many churches, mosques, and other places of worship that were previously shut down have expressed frustration, stating that they have met the required standards but remain closed.
This issue was also highlighted by Sheikh Mussa Sindayigaya, the Mufti of Rwanda and Vice President of the Rwanda Interfaith Council (RIC), during a public meeting with President Paul Kagame at BK Arena on Sunday, March 16, 2025.
Sheikh Sindayigaya requested the President to consider reopening places of worship that now comply with government regulations, emphasizing that religious institutions should be allowed to operate if they meet the necessary requirements.
In August 2024, the Rwanda Governance Board (RGB) revealed that out of the more than 13,000 places of worship that underwent inspections, approximately 59.3% were shut down for failing to meet compliance standards.
As 2025 progresses, various religious organizations have made it a priority to ensure that their closed places of worship meet the required criteria so they can resume their activities.
