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The program’s final virtual event took place on January 12th-13th, where the six finalists pitched their concepts to a prestigious jury panel.

The statement released on Friday 14th January 2022 reads that the winners will share a prize fund of €200,000 and receive a year-long mentorship with internal experts from Tommy Hilfiger and from INSEAD, one of the world’s leading and largest graduate business schools. They also secured a place in an INSEAD program that brings people, cultures, and ideas together to cultivate innovative leaders.

More than 430 startups and scaleups from 22 countries submitted their ideas in January 2021 for this initiative, which echoes Tommy Hilfiger’s sustainability vision to Waste Nothing and Welcome All.

This year’s program particularly sought to amplify and support Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) entrepreneurs who are working to advance their communities, while fostering a more inclusive future for the fashion industry. For the first time, fans of the TOMMY HILFIGER brand were able to participate in the initial phases of the challenge, where they cast their digital vote to help narrow down the applications to identify the finalists. Alongside Tommy Hilfiger associates at the final event, they were also invited to vote for their favorite pitch to award an additional €15,000 to one of the finalists.

“This empowering challenge brought together passionate and hard-working individuals with fresh ideas on how to create a future of fashion we can all look forward to,” said Tommy Hilfiger. “It was an impressive final event, and I am proud to continue this journey with the entrepreneurs who presented groundbreaking and impactful solutions that challenge how we think, build, and create.”

Lalaland, a Netherlands-based platform that uses artificial intelligence to generate customized and inclusive synthetic models, was awarded €100,000.

“Creating technology that drives a more inclusive and diverse e-commerce platform is at the heart of our vision at Lalaland,” said Michael Musandu, co-founder, and CEO of Lalaland. “Being part of the Tommy Hilfiger Fashion Frontier Challenge brought incredible insights and will elevate our A.I. solution to reach more people than we could have imagined. Through donning this achievement, our team cannot wait to empower a welcoming online shopping experience, so no consumer feels under-represented.”

UZURI K&Y, a Rwandan-based eco-friendly shoe brand that uses recycled car tires from sub-Saharan Africa and employs 80 local youth, was also awarded €100,000.

Commenting on the development, Kevine Kagirimpundu, co-founder, and CEO of UZURI K&Y said: “We are honored to be named a winner of the Tommy Hilfiger Fashion Frontier Challenge. This opportunity has provided mentorship, strategic guidance, and given us a platform to share our dream of bringing sustainable footwear options from Africa to the global market. We are dedicated to drive real impact and inspire the youth of today to craft a cleaner future.”

Clothes to Good, a South African-based social enterprise that creates micro-business opportunities and jobs for people with disabilities through textile recycling, was also awarded €15,000.

“We feel blessed to be recognized by the Tommy Hilfiger Fashion Frontier Challenge viewers, it’s an experience we will never forget,” said Tammy Greyling, Operations Director and Occupational Therapist at Clothes to Good. “It’s humbling to know others believe in our dream to really make a difference for people with disabilities and their families. Receiving this award will empower Clothes to Good to continue creating micro-business and job opportunities through textile recycling from the South African community.”

Entries for the next challenge will open in March.

Minister Biruta conveyed a message from President Paul Kagame, the President of the Republic of Rwanda and Commander -In- Chief of the Rwanda Defence Force, wishing them a happy New Year and thanking them for fulfilling their mission with discipline and professionalism in Central African Republic.

Minister Biruta updated the Forces on current security situation in Rwanda and also on efforts the country has made in fighting the Covid-19 pandemic including giving vaccines to the population. He also briefed them on current relations between Rwanda and neighbouring countries.

The Head of Defence Intelligence, Brig Gen Vincent Nyakarundi urged the Forces to remain very determined in accomplishing their tasks.

Rwanda Defence Force is the largest troop contributing to the United Nations Multidimensional Integration Stabilization Mission in Central African Republic.

Shyaka,30, is the owner of a YouTube channel dubbed ‘Ijwi ry’Imfubyi’ translated as ‘The Voice of Orphans’ where he propagated revisionist agenda.

The man’s plot to flee the country was facilitated by a female Rwandan called Eugénie Muhayimana living in New Castle, United Kingdom who works with Uganda’s CMI.

Shyaka has two children who live at his home in Nyamabuye cell, Byumba sector of Gicumbi district.

Following his return, IGIHE has visited him at his home in Nyamabuye cell where he talked about his plans to flee the country and the collaboration he has had with CMI.

Information about his abduction went viral on social media since June 2021, particularly disseminated through platforms owned by members of a subversive group intending to tarnish Rwanda.

{{How it began}}

In April 2021, Shyaka featured in a talk show on ‘Umurabyo TV’, a YouTube channel owned by Agnes Nkusi Uwimana who is criticized for airing talks fuelling Genocide ideology.

Speaking to IGIHE, Shyaka said that he was first contacted by Uwimana who requested him to feature in her next YouTube talk show but dictated him what to say with a promise of financial support.

“Cyuma Hassan gave her my phone number. She called me and promised financial support if I agreed to feature in her talk show. She invited me at the headquarters of Rwanda Media Commission [RMC] in Remera and informed me that I wouldn’t receive any help if I refused to speak what he dictated me. So, I did what she obliged me,” he said.

“Agnes Uwimana is the first person who dragged me into revisionism agenda to talk about Hutus and Tutsis. I shared my phone number I started appearing in the talk shows. That is when people, majority of whom living abroad started contacting me and sending money,” added Shyaka.

As the man explained, he abandoned his construction job as he started receiving regular calls from members of the subversive group promising financial support.

Some of people who sent money include Eugénie Muhayimana who expressed interest in his talk show and pledged support. At the time, Muhayimana sent 50 pounds equivalent to Rwf70,000.

“She called me like others had been doing regularly, informed me that she wanted to send me some money because she liked my talk show. She sent me 50 pounds via my wife’s account in BK,” Shyaka disclosed.

Shyaka narrated that Muhayimana continued to call him every day until she promised him a house in Kigali.

“He stood by my side and called me regularly that we used to hold conversations for many hours every day. She told me her background and asked me to link her to my elder brother and wife. I shared their phone numbers with her that they started chatting,” he said.

As time went by, Muhayimana advised Shyaka to open a YouTube channel to air songs and talk shows advocating for underprivileged people.

“Since then, I opened a YouTube channel called ‘Ijwi ry’Imfubyi’ where I started airing talks. I had a small phone at the time. I added few amount of money to Rwf100,000 received from a member of the subversive group to buy a smart phone which I used to record talk shows to be uploaded on YouTube,” he revealed.

{{Plan to escape}}

During Muhayimana’s regular conversations with Shyaka, she often told him that he would be kidnapped one day.

“She used to tell me that I would be kidnapped, killed or incarcerated. There were more people who used to talk about the same thing but some of them declined to introduce themselves. Between 1st and 25th June, Muhayimana started asking me to flee the country that plans to kill me were underway. When I asked how I would escape, she promised me to take me to the United Kingdom,” he said.

Shyaka agreed with Muhayimana who facilitated him to flee to one of countries in East Africa.

Initially, Muhayimana advised Shyaka to seek a travel permit.

Following delay in issuance of the permit, she started putting pressure on him to escape as soon as possible lest he would be abducted.

“He assured me that I would be helped to flee to Uganda like they had facilitated other people and asked me to confirm whether I accept to leave the country where I was targeted for abduction. She asked me to travel to Musanze where I had to be helped to cross to Uganda,” he said.

Shyaka informed her wife who insisted that they should escape through Gatuna instead of Musanze.

On 22nd August 2021, Shyaka who was living in Kigali separately from his children who had stayed with their grandmother, went to Gatuna along with his wife.

“Upon arrival at Gatuna, I had my identity card but my wife didn’t. That is when he was arrested by security officials at the border. I escaped and returned to Byuma where I spent a night and woke up in the wee hours to travel to Musanze as I had been advised by Muhayimana,” he divulged.

“As I arrived in Musanze, a motorcyclist rode me to a place that I was not familiar with. I gave him Rwf5000 and returned the balance of Rwf1000. He took me to a tall dark-skinned man who also linked me to two children in the age bracket between 14 and 16. We trekked a long distance through dense banana plantation and stony ground,” Shyaka added.

At that time, Muhayimana had linked Shyaka to a woman living in Kampala.

The two children took him to a place where he met with smugglers with packages of illicit brew known as Kanyanga and clothes. Shyaka was then told that he reached the destination.

“I met the woman who took me to Kisoro town. That is when I rested assured that I have reached Uganda,” he revealed.

{{Collaboration with CMI}}

As Shyaka arrived in Kisoro, he was welcomed by a person called ‘Bo’ who went with him to a home where he found many Kinyarwanda-speaking people.

“I guessed it was Boy’s job because there were many people. He traveled with them in batches until my turn was reached. He took me to a Police station in Kisoro. Upon arrival, I called Muhayimana informing her that I had started facing issues. Muhayimana talked to people who were guiding me. They took me to a place known as Kyabira,”he said.

Before the travel, Muhayimana had advised Shyaka to introduce himself as his brother wherever he goes.

Arriving in Kyabira, Shyaka said that he was fleeing Rwanda over attempted abduction associated with talk shows aired on his YouTube channel.

On 23rd August 2021, he was taken to Kisoro Police Station from where he was taken to another place the following day.

Shyaka narrated that he was taken in a ‘Pandagari’, a vehicle that transports suspected criminals or detainees accompanied by two soldiers including one with the rank of captain.

“Upon arrival at the destination, I heard them speaking in English that they have handed me over. There was also a female soldier who asked me whether I was a journalist or spy. I was dropped there and taken to a detention facility where I saw many detainees, some of them seeming to be Rwandans. The soldier who accompanied me told his colleagues that I was not a criminal,” he disclosed.

Shyaka went on to explain that he was left at the facility and detained in a small room that had been previously used as a toilet.

“I was lodged in a very small room that was previously used as a latrine. They brought me a mattress on which I had to sleep but security officers who accompanied me had returned. I was served porridge in the morning as well as maize bread for lunch and dinner,” he said.

Three days later staying in the same room, a soldier took him to his superior called Captain Habyarimana John with office on the second floor.

“He was the first person I heard speaking Kinyarwanda since I arrived at the facility. The soldier told me that he had my dossier and asked me how I got there. I narrated how I lived in Rwanda and circumstances under which I fled the country,” he noted.

After two weeks, Shyaka revealed, he started receiving his phone to talk to Muhayimana. All contacts had been deleted except the latter’s number.

“Muhayimana started telling me that she sent money to Captain Habyarimana John to treat me decently in the detention facility,” he said.

{{Refugee status}}

As IGIHE visited Shyaka at his home in Gicumbi district on Thursday 13th January 2022, he showed us the documents granting him refugee status issued by Uganda’s Office of the Prime Minister.

After spending 68 days, Shyaka revealed that he was interrogated at different times by Captain Habyarimana to provide more details about his situation in Rwanda.

He was once taken to the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) and later taken to a lodge.

“I was taken to the Office of Prime Minister escorted by two soldiers with small guns. They recorded my fingerprints, signature and got all relevant information about me,” Shyaka disclosed.

“Muhayimana was the person behind plans to release me from CMI detention facility to pick the document from OPM. However, I was not aware of all the procedures involved until I obtained the document. Since then, I never returned to CMI facility but rather was linked to Major John Nawamanya who took me to a lodge where I was housed,” he added.

Since then, Shyaka disclosed that he received his phone and the document granting him refugee status issued by Prime Minister.

He started receiving calls from people including Matata Joseph and Freeman Bikorwa among others who asked him to propagate talks tarnishing Rwanda.

“Muhayimana started telling me to freely air views that I feared to express in Rwanda. You have identifications, you are going to live with your children but you need to express your views freely as you are safe in Uganda,” Shyaka revealed.

Muhayimana had already helped Shyaka’s children to cross to Uganda by the time he he was granted refugee status. Shyaka planned to return home soon as he was taken to live with his children in Uganda.

As the protests started in the morning of Thursday 13th January 2022, taxi moto operators turned up in groups while others rode through different parts of Kigali beeping horns to attract authorities’ attention.

Groups of motorcyclists have been seen gathered in different parts of the city including Muhima, Nyamirambo, Gikondo, Gishushu and the city centre.

They rose concerns over of huge amount deducted from revenue margin and hiking motorbike insurance premium.

Simpari Shema Pierre is among taxi moto operators who participated in the protests nearby former premises of Nyarugenge Prison known as 1930. He revealed that they have staged strikes to demand action.

“We want our problems solved because the provider of the fare meter is deducting a high percentage from our revenue margin. For instance, the fare meter deducts Rwf300 per every earned Rwf2000,” he said.

Shema went on to explain that they did not receive enough details about all charges related to the use of fare meters.

“We are complaining about the high cost of using fare meters and expensive insurance premium. We were promised that the cost would be cut down but nothing was done. Besides, Yego Moto is charging a high percentage yet we were not aware of it,” he said.

As for current prices, a passenger is necessitated to pay Rwf300 for the first two kilometres while the previous fare of Rwf133 per kilometre for the rest of the journey has been dropped to Rwf107.

The tariff changes from Rwf107 to Rwf187 when covered distance goes beyond 40 kilometres.

Taxi motor operators receive fare meters from Yego Moto for free but the provider deducts particular amount on every payment.

A taxi moto operator dodging the fare meter is charged Rwf30,000 fine.

The mandatory use of fare meters in Kigali City went into effect on 7th January 2022.

“We are offended because we pay all dues and make contributions to motorcyclists’ cooperative which seem to be idle. We are disappointed to see the fare meters charging 15% of revenue margin,” lamented another motorcyclist called Innocent Bizimungu.

Taxi moto operators have also complained about insurance premium which increased three folds.

For the past three years, motorbike insurance premium rose from Rwf45,000 to Rwf153,200 for a motorcycle that was manufactured five years ago or less.

The premium increased to more than Rwf180, 000 for those that were made more than 10 years ago.

Motorcyclists have demanded that the prices be revised and reduced to a reasonable amount.

Insurers attribute the hike in motorbike insurance cost to heavy bills paid in compensations for injuries or deaths caused by taxi motor accidents.

Many insurance companies in the country do not provide insurance package for motorbikes due to incurred losses. Radiant Insurance is currently the only company providing motorbike insurance in the country.

The development was announced on Tuesday 11th January 2022 following the phone call Rao Hongwei, the Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Rwanda had with Dr. Vincent Biruta, Rwanda’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

During the phone call, Rao Hongwei notified the latter that China will donate a total of 4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to Rwanda in 2022.

Amb. Rao first congratulated the Rwandan side on achieving the goal of vaccinating 40% of the population in 2021 on schedule.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, he said, China has been vigorously promoting international cooperation in the fight against the pandemic and helping developing countries including Rwanda to obtain COVID-19 vaccines.

At the just-concluded Eighth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), Chinese President Xi Jinping pledged another 1 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines for Africa countries.

As the Omicron variant is rapidly spreading around the globe, Amb. Rao said, China actively implements President Xi’s commitment and decides to donate an additional 4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines to Rwanda, to further support the Rwandan side in speeding up national vaccination program and better protecting people’s health and safety.

“China will continue to work hand in hand with Rwanda to defeat the virus at an early date, overcome the negative impact of the COVID-19 and further strengthen bilateral relations,” he added.

Minister Biruta, on behalf of the Rwandan Government expressed sincere thanks to the Chinese Government for the decision on additional vaccine donation.

He said that China, as Rwanda’s good partner, has contributed to Rwanda’s milestone to achieve vaccination target last year.

“The further assistance will help Rwanda increase the vaccination rate, reach the goal of vaccinating 70% of the population by mid-2022 timely, and greatly boost Rwanda’s confidence in COVID-19 response. Rwanda looks forward to further expanding bilateral pragmatic cooperation and deepening bilateral relations in the new year,” Minister Biruta said.

Over 5 million people have received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine in Rwanda while more than 7 million received the first dose since Rwanda began countrywide inoculation program.

The murder suspect has explained that he was a minor aged 17 when he sired the son together with an elder woman who already had two more children.

As the suspect revealed, he was later married to another wife which triggered misunderstandings.

Speaking to IGIHE, the suspect said that the woman stressed him and spoke ill of him among friends and families.

“The situation lingered on until 2003 when he filed an accusation to community mediators. I never felt comfortable with the situation whenever I reflected on the circumstances under which I impregnated the woman who had already two children when I was still a minor. That is how I hated the son. When he grew up, the son joined her mother to follow up the case in 2019,” he said.

His son is currently aged 23. As the father continued to reject the son, the court ordered DNA test which confirmed that he is the biological son.

As the suspect narrated, he considered killing the son to be comfortable but ended up in vain.

“The problem was not solved. I am now regretting. I confess to God, apologize to siblings, neighbors and the Government of Rwanda being mindful of my offense and killing my child,” he said.

He advised people not to drug themselves into such criminal acts but rather seek assistance from concerned authorities and families to solve rampant disputes.

The Spokesperson of RIB, Dr. Murangira B. Thierry has told IGIHE that the suspect’s plan to murder his son was foiled.

“RIB has received tip off from residents that the man was planning to kill own son due to disputes lingering between parents. Rafiki was refusing to have fathered the son. He is accused of attempted murder,” he said.

Dr. Murangira explained that the suspect plotted the murder before his trial that was scheduled to resume on 11th January 2022.

“The man made payments after being informed that the son had died. RIB foiled the attempted murder and arrested the man in Kigali City after paying Rwf140, 000 to gangsters he had hired to kill his son. ,” he noted.

Dr. Murangira advised Rwandans against plotting murder to solve disputes but rather seek assistance from RIB.

His accomplices are at large to be brought to court.

After a few days of operations, the hotel’s magnificence, interior décor, offered services coupled with warm hospitality fascinate customers to extend their sojourn.

Riding to the hotel from Kigali International Airport takes approximately 15 minutes.

Located in Urugarama village, Gacuriro cell in Kinyinya sector of Gasabo district on Street 428, the hotel has seven rooms with ample spaces and interior designs giving a glimpse of what a relaxing setting should look like.

Six of the facility’s rooms have one bed each while the seventh called ‘Umusambi’ is equipped with a Twin Bed.

These rooms are also installed with Air Conditioners, Flat Televisions, and free internet, among others. Each room has a private sitting room and balcony.

The hotel has experienced chefs with prowess in culinary arts to prepare menu courses of customers’ choices giving another reason to stick to its services.

Besides, the hotel has a coffee shop and bar that offers a unique and comfortable setting for guests to quench their thirst.

François Rutayisire, the owner of the Hotel who lives in France has said that establishing the facility was inspired by the advice from President Paul Kagame to members of the diaspora reminding them of their responsibility to join other Rwandans to build the nation in respective capacities.

“Despite the fact that I was warmly welcomed and treated gently in foreign countries, I did not forget my country that my reflections were mainly about my contribution to the development of my motherland. I am proud to have achieved this milestone,” he said.

The hotel seeks, among other things, to introduce guests to Rwanda’s attractive beauty and touristic attractions. For instance, the hotel’s rooms carry the names of wild animals present in Rwanda’s forests with related drawings.

These include Inzovu room, Turaco room, Ingagi room, Imparage room, Twiga room, Impara room, and Umusambi room.

It is also adorned with other eye-catching paintings portraying the beauty of the Country of Thousand Hills including the topographical structure, plains, water bodies, and traditional culture among others.

Serge Rugwiro, the hotel’s Operations Manager has said that the underlying motive was to develop a unique approach of welcoming guests at the same time giving them an impression of what Rwanda’s touristic attractions offer.

“A foreigner might come to Rwanda for businesses without noticing that the country has parks with animal species attracting tourists. This was meant to market the visibility of the country and introduce wild species present in Rwanda through this approach,” he disclosed.

Customers booking rooms at the hotel are picked from the airport and enjoy a free breakfast.

In a first of its kind study, Science Daily reported, Professors Monica Uddin and Derek Wildman of the College of Public Health who worked with Rwandan researchers, looked at the entire genomes of women who were pregnant and living in Rwanda at the time of the genocide and their offspring and compared their DNA to other women pregnant at the same time and their offspring, who were living in other parts of the world.

The 13 researchers include Clarisse Musanabaganwa, Agaz H Wani, Janelle Donglasan , Segun Fatumo , Stefan Jansen , Jean Mutabaruka , Eugene Rutembesa , Annette Uwineza , Erno J Hermans , Benno Roozendaal , Derek E Wildman , Leon Mutesa and Monica Uddin.

In the study published in Epigenomics, they found that the terror of genocide was associated with chemically modifications to the DNA of genocide-exposed women and their offspring. Many of these modifications occurred in genes previously implicated in risk for mental disorders such as Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. These findings suggest that, unlike gene mutations, these chemical “epigenetic” modifications can have a rapid response to trauma across generations.

“Epigenetics refers to stable, but reversible, chemical modifications made to DNA that help to control a gene’s function,” Uddin said. “These can happen in a shorter time frame than is needed for changes to the underlying DNA sequence of genes. Our study found that prenatal genocide exposure was associated with an epigenetic pattern suggestive of reduced gene function in offspring.”

The team, which includes Clarisse Musanabaganwa, a visiting scholar from the University of Rwanda and her colleagues, came to their conclusion following the review of DNA from blood samples from 59 individuals — about half exposed personally or exposed in utero to the genocide. Exposure is defined as being impacted by genocide-related trauma, such as rape or evading capture, witnessing murder or serious attack with a weapon and seeing dead and mutilated bodies.

The novel study is part of a larger consortium, the Human, Heredity & Health in Africa (H3), which is funded by the National Institutes of Health. It’s an effort to empower scientists in Africa in genomics, increasing their independence and ability to build the infrastructure needed to enhance genetic studies across the continent, and ultimately better capture data on the human genome across the world.

“The Rwandan people who are in this study and community as a whole really want to know what happened to them because there’s a lot of PTSD and other mental health disorders in Rwanda and people want answers as to why they’re experiencing these feelings and having these issues,” Wildman said.

While this study looks specifically at the impact of the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi, it supports previous studies that show what occurs during pregnancy when one in fetus can have long-term impacts — many symptoms not appearing until later in life. Such evidence proves the need to enhance efforts to protect the safety and emotional and psychological wellbeing of pregnant women.

Researchers point out that individuals who were in utero during the genocide are starting to have children of their own and they hope to soon look at whether or not that trauma has had an epigenetic impact on the third generation. They’re now awaiting a new, larger batch of DNA samples to find out how trauma can impact risk for specific mental health disorders, like PTSD.

Kagame hosted Nibigira on Monday 10th January 2022 with whom they held discussions on strengthening bilateral relations.

The discussions were attended by different officials including the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Vincent Biruta; the Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) Head of Military Intelligence, Brig Gen Vincent Nyakarundi.

The discussions are considered a step further towards revitalized bilateral relations.

In 2015, a group of Burundian soldiers attempted to overthrow the then President Pierre Nkurunziza but the plan was nullified. Since then, Burundi accused Rwanda of accommodating suspects behind the failed coup plot. Rwanda has however been insisting that the individuals are considered as refugees who must be protected against deportation by international laws.

The political mishap later halted cooperation and free movements between both countries.

Despite misunderstandings that have characterized both countries, both countries are promising to bring the situation back to normal for mutual benefits.

There has been commendable progress to bring the situation back to normal since Ndayishimiye was installed in 2020.

Towards the end of August 2020, both countries’ heads of military intelligence met at Nemba One stop border post to discuss issues of security along their common border.

The discussions were held under the auspices of the Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism (EJVM), a regional military framework under the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICGLR) and was aimed at finding solutions on security incidents along the common border that have strained the relations between the two countries.

The Heads of both the Rwandan and Burundian delegation said the meeting was a good opportunity for exchange on the existing security problems and finding solutions and will contribute to bring trust between the two countries.

In October 2020, Rwanda’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Dr. Vincent Biruta met with his Burundian counterpart Amb. Albert Shingiro and his delegation at at Nemba where they expressed willingness on restoring bilateral ties.

Last year in October 2021, Governors from Rwanda and Burundi held discussions aimed at enhancing cooperation between both countries.

During the same year, Burundi handed over to Rwanda, 11 combatants of the National Liberation Front (FLN) apprehended on its land.

Through the Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism (EJVM), Rwanda Defence Force (RDF) also handed over 19 combatants of RED-Tabara to Burundi. RED-Tabara is an armed group hostile to the Burundian government.