On March 19th, 2020, following inspections in the city of Kigali which found an abnormal increase in prices of some food products, intentional use of unapproved weighing scales and issuance of illegal invoice, MINICOM reiterated law 35 relating to competition and consumer protection. Businesses were advised to avoid hiking prices.
After inspections, MINICOM fined 24 companies in Kigali which increased prices on maize, rice, maize flour, sugar and cooking oil.
The announcement posted on Twitter on Thursday, March 19th, indicated a number of business people were fined during inspections made on March 18th, 2020 at different Kigali markets and trade centers.
Article 27 and 29 governing internal trade states that “businesses which are found guilty of imposing high prices can be imposed an administrative fine, require the culprit to repay the profit unduly benefited from the buyer and suspend the culprit’s activities for a maximum period of 3 months.”
President Donald Trump said he had directed the Food and Drug Administration to investigate whether chloroquine, which is available by prescription only, should be given to patients with the virus. Bayer, the international drugmaker, then noted in a press release that it would donate 3 million tablets of the drug Resochin, or chloroquine phosphate, to U.S. patients. Trump also pointed to another existing drug, remdesivir, an anti-viral developed by drugmaker Gilead, which is already being used in China to treat COVID-19.
Neither drug is currently approved by the FDA to treat the coronavirus. So it is important “not to provide false hope,” FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn said at the White House’s daily press briefing. But Trump has “asked us to be aggressive” and “break through exciting, lifesaving treatment, and we’re doing that at the FDA,” he added.
Early promising data
So what is chloroquine, and why is it considered so promising by the scientific community?
The drug has been around since the 1940s and is known for being generally safe and well tolerated in mild to moderate doses, although it can be toxic in high doses. It has been used to treat malaria, in addition to some autoimmune disorders. It is available as a generic, which means it could be a scalable and potentially affordable treatment.
“Nothing is definitive yet, but chloroquine is a drug used for more than 70 years with minimal side effects at a modest dosage,” said Pellini.
Malaria is caused by a parasite, not a virus. But some studies have found that chloroquine has been effective at treating a virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, a close relative of COVID-19. It is also being studied at research labs throughout the world as a way to alleviate symptoms for patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
“It has been found in mice to be effective to treat a variety of viruses,” noted Dr. Kristian Olson, an associate professor at Harvard Medical School and internal medicine physician at Massachusetts General Hospital. “It also appears it’s active in vitro (via test tube experiments) against COVID-19.”
Some of the early data is promising. A group of researchers in France are testing a less toxic derivative of the chloroquine drug called hydroxychloroquine on a few dozen patients with COVID-19, and early reports of the trial indicate that the drug might help shorten the amount of time that people with the disease are infectious.
Because of these early signs, some biotech experts say it’s worth putting more research dollars into studying the drug.
“I don’t see Trump’s willingness to jump into humans quickly (to test the drug) as a panicked response,” said Vas Bailey, a life sciences-focused investor at Artis with a Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. “It could be a potentially efficient way of using real-world evidence to help us triage which of these safe drugs will work in alleviating symptoms and treating COVID-19.”
Lack of concrete evidence and lots of unknowns
But we’re still far from having an approved treatment for COVID-19, and the evidence behind chloroquine is not firm.
As Bailey points out, there is no data yet from a randomized clinical trial, which is considered the gold standard to minimize the possibility of bias in the findings. One of the biggest problems, scientists say, is that the tests have not been blinded. If physicians have prior knowledge of the intervention, that might influence how to treat the patient. That introduces other variables that are hard to separate from the effect of the drug.
There’s also further work needed to understand whether the drug reduces hospital time and mortality rates, and whether it impacts ventilation use. There are also some big unknowns about when, how and to whom the drug should be administered.
“What I don’t know, and I don’t think anyone knows is the degree of anti-viral activity and if it can be used to treat the most critical patients,” said Olson.
“We still also don’t understand the optimal dose treatment for covid-19, and whether it might be used at a lower dose for prophylaxis (meaning to take preventatively) than for treatment.”
As Olson points out, there are still side effects, like nausea and vision issues, and it remains to be seen whether the drug will be tolerated well in very sick patients. Furthermore, overdosing on the drug in high doses can cause serious health outcomes.
Because of these gaps in understanding, the World Health Organization said last month that there is “no proof” the drug is effective in treating the coronavirus.
Overall, however, some biotech experts say there’s some reason for optimism that the drug can help. “You wouldn’t see qualified medical professionals from China, France, and Korea looking into this if there wasn’t something to it,” Bailey said.
The High Commissioner of Rwanda to the UK, Yamina Karitanyi, has told IGIHE that the embassy was not closed but some staff have been advised to stay at home, noting that all services are now delivered online, including the use of; telephone calls and E-mails. The high commission also attends to those who make prior appointments, all in a bid to avoid coronavirus spread.
State Minister in the Ministry of Foreign affairs and regional cooperation, Olivier Nduhungirehe, said that Rwanda tasked her foreign diplomats to observe directives given in host countries.
The first secretary in the Rwandan Embassy in Berlin, Germany, Nshimiyimana Benedicto, said work goes on. The directives are like those of the UK Embassy.
Rwandan Embassy in Belgium announced temporary closure following the directive of the Belgian government. Only essential services can be accessed.
Rwanda Embassy in the Netherlands according to the directives of the host country, from 16th March to 31 March, will be closed and all staff will be working from residencies.
Celebrating the International Women’s Day in Rwanda that was slated for 21 March and commemoration of Genocide against the Tutsi slated for 11 April are bound to be postponed to dates yet to be communicated.
Nkulikiyinka Christine, Rwandan Ambassador to the Scandinavian countries said they are working closely with Rwandans in those countries to observe the directives in host countries. No Rwandan yet is infected by coronavirus there.
The Rwanda Ministry of foreign affairs and regional cooperation, this Thursday, informed Rwandans in foreign countries to inform Rwanda Embassies close to them or call +250788125043 in case of travel problems.
The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) has said during the 26th commemoration, instead of getting people together, commemoration testimonies and talk shows will be delivered through the media.
Group visits to Kigali Genocide Memorial and other commemoration sites have also been discouraged.
CNLG Executive Secretary Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène has told the media that special discussions highlighting how specific genocide preparations were executed on particular dates will be communicated.
“We will use the media in all forms, television, radio, social media so that the message is delivered in every way possible.”
“Let’s say on the 11th, we can do a special media talk show through which we explain the history of the April 11, the events in Nyanza Kicukiro and other places where the Tutsis were killed on that date so that we can go on and on about the history as it happened so that people would feel they are in the commemoration season.”
Workers who had arrears include casual workers, masons, and foremen who, after a long time of demanding their pay, reported to President Paul Kagame in December 2019 during the National Dialogue Council meeting.
A contractor, one Eric Nteziryayo won the tender of building the Nyamagabe district office but failed to complete the conditions of the contract, passing over to a third party who later on failed to pay casual workers and technicians.
The Mayor of Nyamagabe District, Uwamahoro Bonaventure, said they have so far paid Rwf 15,371,150.
“In the first phase we paid 48 people Rwf 8,895,050; in the second phase, we paid 28 people Rwf 608,900 and in the third phase we paid 12 people Rwf1,804,200. Altogether we have paid 88 people and paid 15,371,150 Frw.”
Uwamahoro added that about 33 other files are being scrutinized.
SG Sports signed contracts with various football teams in Rwanda including Kiyovu Sports, Bugesera FC, AS Muhanga and Musanze FC.
Sources say that after Kiyovu Sports failed to abide by the initial agreements with SG Sports to pay for the items on time, the Tanzanian company has threatened to sue it in courts.
Kiyovu Sports owes Rwf 5 million for 500 sports kits provide by SG Sports.
SG Sports expected to be paid back by November, 2019 but until now no move has been made on the part of Kiyovu Sports.
Simon Sanga, SG Sports Director General told IGIHE that Kiyovu Sports has failed to respect initial agreements and further resorted to printing other brands’ logos including Azam Group and UAP Insurance on the sports kits they provided.
“Besides not respecting our agreements, Kiyovu Sports has not shown any willingness to resolve the situation. They crossed the line when they printed Azam Group and UAP logos on the T-shirts we provided before they paid us.”
After Kiyovu Sports received a 4-year sponsorship worth Rwf 132 million from Azam Group, the team’s administration was obliged to adding their logo on V SG Sports T-Shirts.
Ntalindwa Théodore, Kiyovu Sports Executive Director told IGIHE that they have not delayed to pay because they lack means but that there are some clauses in the agreement which were not agreed upon and the two organizations have failed to find time to resolve the issue.
Sources say SG Sports is preparing to take Kiyovu Sports to court after an ultimatum was given 5 days to pay back to no avail.
In November 2019, SG Sports provided sports kits and fan gears to Kiyovu Sports with the expectation of receiving payment within 30 days.
One of the best ways to protect yourself is to keep your hands clean and off your face, but it’s hard to maintain constant vigilance.
Keeping your phone sanitized is another smart way to keep germs off your fingertips.
But cleaning your phone thoroughly, I mean is not as straightforward as it might seem.
There are all sorts of nooks and crannies, delicate glass and intricate protective cases.
Any sort of moisture can interfere with your phone’s function. Apple recommends that people avoid using spray cleaners or heavy-duty products.
Also, this probably goes without saying don’t dunk your phone into any sort of liquid, anti-bacterial or otherwise. It won’t end well for either of you.
A gentle wipe with a product that has 70 percent isopropyl alcohol will do just fine.
Apple recommends Clorox Disinfecting Wipes, and the C.D.C. says household disinfectants registered by the Environmental Protection Agency are effective.
Wear disposable gloves to clean, and wash your hands thoroughly after you’re done. Like your phone, reusable gloves might harbor virus particles, rendering them effectively useless.
And don’t forget your phone case.
Wipe it down, in and out, through and through. Let it dry before reassembling
Coronavirus outbreak has resulted into tragic human consequences across the world and in Rwanda where 11 people have already tested positive.
In addition to existing Central Bank liquidity facilities, the Bank has established an extended lending facility worth Rwf 50 billion which will allow banks with liquidity challenges to borrow from BNR. The facility will operate for the next 6 months.
The announcement that was published by BNR on March 18th, 2020 states that “For the next six months, BNR offers to buy back bonds at the prevailing market rate and the waiting period if one fails to sell the bond on the secondary market will be reduced from 30 to 15 days.”
BNR also encouraged using digital channels and contactless mobile payments to curb the transmission of coronavirus. Starting March 19th, 2020, mobile network operators and banks will allow zero charge transfers on all payments between bank accounts and mobile wallets, zero charges on Mobile Money transfers and zero merchant fees on all POS payments.
Finally, the limit for transfers on mobile money wallets has been increased from Rwf 500,000 to Rwf 1,000,000 for Tier I customers and Rwf 1,000,000 to Rwf 4,000,000 to Tier II customers.
BNR will follow up closely on the implementation of the aforementioned measures.
The ECMS is an on-premise and cloud-based solution and was designed to help manage all processes related to benefits administration and claims management after the Central Bank of Rwanda (BNR) explained the types of loss insurance companies incurred overtime.
In 2018, statistics from BNR showed that insurance companies in Rwanda lose more than Rwf 6 billion in claims every year.
Private insurance institutions made a Rwf 8.3 billion loss in 2013, Rwf 12.2 billion in 2014, Rwf 12.5 billion in 2015, Rwf 13.4 billion in 2016 and Rwf 6.9 billion in 2017.
Normally, insurance claims cover damages sustained after a car accident or for representation or intervention on the insured’s behalf when they are liable for damages.
During the claiming process, some individuals can trick insurance companies into paying more damage costs than the ones which were incurred in reality and hence lead to irrecoverable loss.
An ECMS or claims processing software automates insurance claims management, electronic submission, and collections and allows transparency in insurance processes.
Following various reports of losses made by insurance companies, the four students at KIC created an ECMS to support flawless claims processes. The four innovators are Mugiraneza Amani, Uwineza Denyse, Uwase Honorine and Irakoze Blaise who received support from their lecturer Iyaturemye Jean Claude.
{{How the ECMS operates}}
The ECMS uses e-baza technology in assisting garages and insurers to recover losses incurred in car maintenance and help customers to submit their claims effortlessly.
Uwase Honorine said, “Our ECMS will allow insurers to manage the claims process with automated workflows and in all transparency.”
Through Www.umuhuza.rw portal, insurers and vehicle owners will create accounts and type in all claims details. A police report of accidents will also be available on the portal and will facilitate insurers to allocate the appropriate funds to the insured.
Insurers will then post pictures of the damaged vehicles and garages which will have created accounts in the ECMS will compete for repairing them.
Garages will be selected following the time limit they will use repairing vehicles as well as their prices. Once the vehicle will be repaired, the owner and insurer will visit the garage, check on all the repairs and pay the garage.
Irakoze Blaise told IGIHE that the technology will allow garages to acquire customers effortlessly through the portal.
