Speaking during a recent interview with IGIHE, Musa maintained that the conflict in Sudan was not about the two army generals, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, head of the Sudanese Armed Forces, and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, aka Hemeti, the leader of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).
“I would like to correct the narrative that this is not a war between two generals. It is a war between the RSF against the sovereignty of the political independence and people of the country,” he stated.
The war in Sudan erupted in April 2023. It stemmed from a power struggle within the military. According to the United Nations (UN), over 12,000 people have died, and more than 33,000 have been injured as a result of the conflict.
Musa noted that the RSF militia enjoys huge support from machinery recruited from neighbouring countries with backing from a regional power and other foreign actors with interests in Sudan.
“They have recruited mercenaries from neighbouring countries. We have more than 40,000 of these troops coming from Niger, Chad, and the Arab nomads from these countries. Some are coming from South Sudan and Ethiopia. There are some Ethiopians fighting with them. We don’t know whether this is with the permission or knowledge of the government of Ethiopia, but I deny that it is known to the government. Most of these mercenaries were fighting in Libya before. They have moved them all to Darfur. Their ethnic background is Arab nomads. Recruiting mercenaries is one of the main chains of supply for the troops to fight,” he added.
Musa lamented that military supplies from the third parties had prolonged the crisis, perpetuating the suffering of the Sudanese people.
“There is a military supply coming from a regional power that is well-documented in the UN Security Council report. Just five days ago, Human Rights Watch published a detailed report on the atrocities committed by the RSF, including war crimes and crimes against humanity.
“There is political support from the regional power as well. So, it’s not about the RSF as an independent political and military power. No. They are an agent for a regional power, carrying out their objective to change the political landscape and leadership in Sudan for the benefit, support, and interest of another regional power,” Musa noted.
To end the conflict that has seen the United Arab Emirates (UAE) mentioned severally amid the raging crisis, the ambassador emphasized that the Sudanese government was ready to engage foreign powers with interests in the country’s rich natural resources through proper channels, urging them not to use the window while the doors were wide open.
“They can help stop this war by halting military support and promoting political support. They can create regional peace and stability, but due to political and strategic interests… Sudan is a very rich country in terms of natural resources and geopolitical location. There are many people and countries interested in engaging in Sudan, but there are proper channels for governments to cooperate for mutual interests. If we open the door for you to come, why would you want to go through the window? We would like them to knock on the door, not jump through the window,” the envoy averred.
He emphasized that RSF can’t win the war because they don’t have the “minds and hearts of the people of Sudan.”
“They do not have the hearts of the people of Sudan. Now they control four parts of Darfur and the parts they control are still empty, there is no leadership, there is no food, there are no clinics, there are no schools, there is nothing,” he added.
He acknowledged that the African Union (AU) has the capacity to address the conflict in Sudan, but claimed that they lack the political will.
“To be honest, they are lacking political will and not capacity to contribute to peace and stability in Sudan,” he stated.
Musa further maintained that the Sudanese government had not refused dialogue with the RSF, stating that the government is seeking discussions based on previous agreements. He urged the militia to abide by the demands of the citizens, to cease hostilities against civilians, and to disarm.
Celebrated as African Liberation Day, or Africa Day, the annual May 25th festivities signify the progress made by African nations in throwing off colonial rule and achieving self-determination.
In Rwanda, the celebrations are being spearheaded by the Pan African Movement Rwanda Chapter with the aim of taking stock of the continent’s gains, challenges, and future prospects.
Kenya’s High Commissioner to Rwanda, Janet Mwawasi Oben, is among the envoys in the country who have been actively involved in the organization’s events leading to the celebrations today, including a soccer tournament organized to celebrate Africa Liberation Day at Kicukiro on Sunday, May 19.
IGIHE caught up with her in her office at Kacyiru in the heart of Kigali City, where she reflected on Africa’s gains, the issues hindering economic progress six decades after most countries on the continent attained self-rule, and the measures needed to steer the continent toward prosperity.
{{As Africa celebrates Liberation Day on May 25th, what are some of the key achievements the continent can celebrate after more than six decades of independence?
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May 25 is a significant day for Africa because it marks the inception of the Organization of African Unity, now known as the African Union. It’s a big day for Africa. We have a lot to celebrate despite our challenges. Since its inception, we have seen Africa grow from strength to strength, moving past the period of colonialism, with 1963 being the year when most African countries gained independence.
When we look at the progress that Africa has made since then, we can highlight achievements like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfTA), which allows African countries to trade freely. Although this has not been fully realized, there has been considerable progress.
We have the Africa CDC [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention] through the African Union, which has significantly focused on public health, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, with member states collaborating to find public health solutions. We have seen women being included at economic and finance decision-making tables, a significant shift from the past.
There has been growth in infrastructure, with improvements in road systems and water access. In education, we have moved from a system purely based on religion to one that has seen substantial growth, although much remains to be done.
{{Despite achieving independence, Africa remains the world’s least developed region, even with abundant natural resources. What do you think has hindered development across the continent?
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Historically, Africa has been heavily colonized, and its natural resources have been exploited by colonial powers and the West, resulting in minimal benefits for the continent. Now that we are independent, we still possess natural resources, although they are depleted. One issue is that countries rich in natural resources often focus solely on these, which hinders progress in other areas such as infrastructure and the digital economy.
Poor governance, corruption, and unaccountable institutions have also impeded Africa’s full growth. We face infrastructure challenges, with underdeveloped roads, railways, air transport, and energy sectors, placing us at a disadvantage. Political instability, disputed elections, armed conflicts, and civil wars have also stalled progress. Our education system needs improvement, and poor quality healthcare remains a problem.
Climate change is a significant issue, affecting countries across the continent. Recently, Kenya experienced floods, while Southern Africa faced drought and hunger. This hinders Africa’s growth despite its natural resources.
{{What steps do you believe are necessary for Africa to achieve full economic and political independence?
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We need to develop indigenous solutions tailored for Africa to foster economic growth, such as building industries to process our natural resources. A workforce with critical skills is essential to compete globally. Modern agricultural techniques are necessary to enhance food security. We must unite to create economic policies that promote socio-economic growth and improve trade.
Peace and stability are crucial; some states remain in turmoil, and we need strategies to address these issues.
{{The theme for this year’s celebrations is on building resilient education systems. Which areas in education should we improve on as a continent to get to the standards of developed nations?
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We should focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Many schools are adopting this approach, moving away from a system based solely on religion to one that emphasizes technological advancement and innovation. By focusing on these areas, we can develop a workforce capable of not only growing Africa but also competing globally.
In a statement made in July 2023, the State Secretary in the Ministry of Education, Claudette Irere, detailed the educational exchange facilitated by the nuclear agreement signed with Russia in 2019.
“It has been many years since Rwanda and this country signed agreements, starting in 1970. Since then, we have been sending students, some of whom have returned and are in the country. When you do the math, you find we have more than 100 students,” she said.
She further noted, “In recent days, because we signed other agreements related to nuclear energy, we continue to send more students every year, now totaling over 40 since 2019.”
Meanwhile, Rwanda and Mali have strengthened their bilateral relations with an air transport agreement signed in February 2017, which permits RwandAir to utilize Bamako’s airport for passenger and cargo transport.
Colonel Assimi Goïta, who assumed power in Mali in 2021, has indicated his intention to maintain and enhance these bilateral ties.
Additionally, Rwanda and Ghana signed a cooperation agreement in June 2022 focusing on mutual support, the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and vaccines, and the regulation of these products’ quality.
Speaking during the Global Security Forum on Tuesday, May 21, 2024, President Kagame said the country has been healing for the last three decades, emphasizing that it’s not something he thought would happen so fast.
He attributed gains in the reconciliatory efforts to Rwanda’s young generation, constituting more than 70 per cent of the country’s population.
“The tragedy is behind us but it never gets that distant in the past… We have tried to build unity, and it is happening. It’s something that is benefiting from the young generation. Young people, who constitute 73 per cent of our population, are 35 and below,” he said, adding that, “We have to make sure that these divisions, to the extreme that led to the genocide, never happen again.”
President Kagame noted that Rwanda will continue to build on the unity by investing in its people.
“The foundation in this case for us is unity. We are building on that foundation by investing in people. “We invest in human capital, we provide the goods for education, and health, and food security and bring in technology, and therefore going to these other industries that will make our economy, our country, vibrant and grow and develop,” he added.
He pointed out that investments such as the construction of a modern airport in Bugesera District, in collaboration with Qatar Airways, the modernization of the mining sector, and the development of digital infrastructure add value to all aspects of the economy.
Weighing in on foreign investments and partnerships with foreign powers, President Kagame noted Rwanda had “learnt a lot of lessons” from the past.
Commenting on the rivalry between the United States and China, President Kagame insisted that Rwanda and Africa cannot be “crushed” in the issues and welcomed investments from America, China, and Europe in Rwanda and Africa.
“We can be friends with others—United States, Europe, China, you name it—and not be dragged into these conflicts that benefit those conflicting while impoverishing the African continent.”
In a discussion organized by the Global Security Forum on May 21, 2024, President Kagame stated that the international community recognizes Rwanda’s safety, having successfully maintained it for Rwandans.
He said, “The UK knows it, Europe knows it, America knows it, Rwanda is safe. Being safe does not depend on whether someone likes us or not. It is something we have determined for ourselves and provided for our country.”
The President continued, “What is lacking is the level of development our people have reached where we want, and it also concerns other people coming here; whether they are migrants or others, wherever they come from and whether they are treated as they wish or as we wish.”
President Kagame explained that since 2018, Rwanda has been temporarily hosting migrants, highlighting that the UK based its request for cooperation on how Rwanda has managed this issue.
“Since 2018, hundreds of thousands of people have been brought by planes from Libya. I think that’s what the UK saw, that there is a good way to solve this problem that has been a burden for them and for all of Europe. They asked us if we could expand this program to address the problem they have, and we agreed because we already had a good relationship and development cooperation,” he stated.
The President elaborated that Rwanda and the UK have discussed how to implement this program, with Rwanda expressing the challenge of capacity to care for them, which led to the addition of a provision to support Rwanda in its development.
He added, “The debates that have arisen in the UK, Europe, or elsewhere, whether Rwanda is safe, are baseless for us. We know who we are, we know what we have, we know we can provide security and governance to everyone, what we lack are the means to help these people progress. When people debate whether Rwanda is safe, it becomes politicized.”
The program between Rwanda and the UK is based on an agreement signed by both countries’ governments in April 2022, updated in December 2023. It is expected that, barring any changes, the first group of migrants will be sent to Kigali in July 2024.
In a recent interview with the French newspaper Jeune Afrique, the Kenyan Head of State weighed in on the conflict that has, in recent years, negatively impacted the relations between the DRC and Rwanda due to claims that the latter backs M23 rebels.
President Ruto maintained that the conflict was not about Rwanda and the DRC or about Presidents Felix Tshisekedi and Paul Kagame but about Congolese citizens and their government.
“As heads of state, in a meeting, we asked M23 if the people in there are Rwandese or Congolese? And the DRC said these are Congolese, end of question. So if these are Congolese, how does it become a Rwanda problem, how does it become a Kagame problem? Since it is settled that M23 are Congolese, it’s a Congolese problem, and we need a Congolese solution,” President Ruto stated.
He emphasized the need for Tshisekedi’s administration to embrace dialogue with M23 to resolve the underlying issues.
This, he said, includes involving M23 groups in the Nairobi and Luanda peace processes. He insisted that the military is not a solution to the conflict in eastern DRC.
“In our [heads of state] opinion, listening to all the sides, whether it’s using the Luanda or the Nairobi peace process, M23 wants to be involved in the dialogue. They are saying, ‘Why are you locking us out? We are Congolese; we have issues we want to talk to our government,’” President Ruto averred.
“I don’t find any better outcome than a citizenship that has grievances and is willing to engage their government in a discussion so that they can sort out their grievances.”
President Ruto said dialogue had helped sort out issues with the opposition in Kenya following his victory in the August 9, 2022, presidential election.
“When the opposition in Kenya raised issues about an election that I won fair and square, six months after the election they said, ‘We think we won the election,’ and they caused issues. I told them, ‘Okay, let us talk.’ We sat down and talked. It didn’t take anything from me. We engaged in a conversation and settled the issues. There is nothing anybody loses when you engage your citizens in dialogue,” President Ruto said while referring to anti-government protests that rocked Kenya last year.
Reacting to a recent statement from the United States calling on the Rwanda government to punish soldiers purported to be backing M23 rebels in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kagame said such statements “simply add to the problem”.
“If I were talking to the leaders in the United States and others I would start by telling them that they can do much better than that [passing condemnation]. Because in the end, they are doing nothing. Passing statements of condemnation and blaming this and that without addressing the problem, I think, simply adds to the problem,” President Kagame stated.
The Head of State spoke virtually during his participation at the 2024 Global Security Forum in Doha, Qatar, on Tuesday, May 21, 2024.
“For every problem, there is a root cause. To solve it, you simply look at the root cause of the problem and work with the parties involved to address what needs to be addressed and reduce the politics and interests. Some of these things don’t just go away unless you do what needs to be done. It doesn’t need a lot of capacity to think. What all of us have can serve us to understand issues like this,” he added.
The US State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller had early this month claimed that the attack on the Mugunga camp that claimed at least nine lives came from “Rwanda Defense Forces (RDF) and M23 positions.”
However, Rwandan government spokesperson Yolande Makolo dismissed the US accusation as “ridiculous,” adding that Rwanda’s “professional army” would “never attack” a camp for displaced people.
Rwanda and DRC have been feuding over tension in the eastern DRC where the Congolese army has been fighting the M23 rebel group, part of the minority Tutsi ethnic group, which has accused the government of marginalization and persecution. On the other hand, Rwanda accuses DRC of backing FDLR, which consists of the remnants of the Interahamwe group that plotted and perpetrated the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda.
{{Coups in West Africa
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Meanwhile, weighing in on the recent coups in West African countries such as Niger and Guinea, President Kagame emphasized that poor leadership should be blamed. He insisted that foreign powers should refrain from taking sides in the crises.
“If you look at where coups have been happening, nobody wishes to see coups happen in any place. There is nothing to celebrate about that. But at the same time, you don’t stop there. You don’t just condemn coups without even trying to find out what led to this coup. What was lacking for a coup to happen? This is when you start seeing signs of that in governance or lack of security, as we have seen in some of these countries in West Africa,” President Kagame said.
Citing Rwanda’s military support in fighting armed insurgents in Mozambique, President Kagame emphasized that African nations should find ways to work together to solve security and other common problems facing the continent instead of over-relying on the West.
“Why can’t people, first on our own continent, find ways of working together to address these problems like we did in Mozambique and the Central African Republic? With support from developed countries, it would happen faster and more easily. But they all concentrate on condemning.
“In fact, it is ridiculous that in some cases, they would condemn people in some places where coups have happened and be silent in similar cases. They will attack countries citing lack of freedom and human rights, and where some of these are lacking the most, because of interests people have in those countries, it will be muted.”
The list was presented by PSD’s Secretary General, Dr. Jean Chysostome Ngabitsinze, who highlighted that among the party’s representatives, there are 29 women. He expressed confidence that they would once again earn the trust of the electorate and represent the citizens.
Dr. Ngabitsinze also stated that for the presidential position, the party has chosen to support President Kagame, believing him to be the right leader for Rwanda.
He assured, “We guarantee the Rwandan people that PSD has always advocated for well-being, justice, mutual assistance, and development accessible to all. This agenda continues as the main challenge has been to ensure that all Rwandans can live and prosper freely, and we have been making progress in this.”
Dr. Ngabitsinze noted that PSD has consistently participated in the parliamentary elections since the Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan people have continued to trust them.
He said, “PSD has never missed an election since the Genocide against the Tutsi, indicating that Rwandans expect us to continually strive for the country’s good policies and strongly support our presidential candidate, Paul Kagame, as he is the right choice for Rwanda.”
PSD is unfazed by the increasing number of independent candidates in the parliamentary race and believes that their representation in the Parliament will not diminish.
He stated, “We are not worried. Fortunately, in Rwanda, we see many qualifying and aspiring to uplift the country. Regardless of the outcome, our country shares leadership and positions, so any additional Rwandan candidate does not intimidate us.”
“We are campaigning to increase our seats, not to ease the competition for anyone else, to secure more seats than we currently have as PSD. However, we acknowledge that everyone has full rights, and we will compete in democracy and peace as usual, respecting whoever wins,” he continued.
Dr. Ngabitsinze also emphasized PSD’s desire to increase the number of MPs from 80 to 120 to ensure proper representation of Rwandans.
He explained, “During our congress, we based our discussion on the progress of Rwandans, their historical numbers, and the ratio of citizens per representative. We see that increasing the number from 80 to 120 would mean better representation for Rwandans, from our point of view as PSD.”
Addressing concerns that this proposal is politically motivated to secure more positions in Parliament, he clarified, “It’s not about seeking political positions, as some have suggested, but rather about ensuring that a citizen can more easily reach their representative to convey their various problems, wishes, and plans at the national level.”
Regarding the financial feasibility of this proposal, Dr. Ngabitsinze indicated that it would not destabilize the country’s economy and that the actual concern would be the contributions from the increased number of members.
Dr. Ngabitsinze concluded by expressing confidence in the potential contributions of all 66 candidates, hoping they would outperform their competitors if elected.
On May 20, 2024, Habineza was received by Oda Gasinzigwa, the Chairperson of the National Electoral Commission (NEC), at the commission’s offices in Kiyovu.
Dr. Habineza arrived at the NEC offices at 9:20 AM, accompanied by a large group of Green Party members including Senator Alex Mugisha and the party’s Secretary General, Elias Ntezimana.
He was asked to present all necessary documents, which he did, though some issues were found.
A presidential candidate is required to have Rwandan nationality by descent, hold no other citizenship, be irreproachable in conduct, and not have been deprived of civil and political rights by the courts.
Candidates must be at least 35 years old and must be in Rwanda at the time of submitting their candidacy, whereas parliamentary candidates must be 21 years old and hold Rwandan citizenship.
Among the required documents, Dr. Habineza Frank was missing two, including a certificate showing he had renounced any other nationality and a letter to the NEC requesting to be a candidate.
NEC President, Oda Gasinzigwa, asked the Green Party to ensure these documents are provided before the final list of approved candidates is released.
Dr. Habineza explained that he did not think it was necessary to provide a new certificate renouncing his previous Swedish citizenship, as he had already renounced it in 2017 when he first ran for President, assuming it was not needed again.
This is not the first time Dr. Habineza has contested in the presidential elections, as he received 0.48% of the vote in 2017.
He recently expressed confidence in his chances, noting that during the last elections, his party was still young, having been legally recognized in Rwanda only four years earlier.
He stated, “Indeed, last time in the presidential elections we did not get enough votes, but let’s remember that we were the only party challenging the nine others, it was not just an RPF candidate but a candidate from all those parties as you know them.”
The NEC plans to announce the definitively approved candidates from June 14, 2024, with the campaigning period running from June 22 to July 13, 2024.
MP Donatille Mukabalisa expresses that during her tenure, both as a speaker and parliamentarian, she takes pride in the achievements of the Rwandan Government, which have been accomplished with contributions from everyone.
In an interview with IGIHE recently, she discussed various topics, including her views on the Parliament’s responsibilities in representing the citizens, the preparations for elections within the Liberal Party (PL), which she leads, and other diverse subjects.
{{IGIHE: How are the preparations for the elections within PL going?}}
{{Donatille Mukabalisa:}} As you know, in July 2024, there will be Presidential and Parliamentary elections, and we in the Liberal Party (PL) are well prepared. Whenever there are elections, the first thing a political party thinks about is how to present its agenda to Rwandans to gain their votes.
The key preparation involves creating a political agenda that outlines what we intend to deliver.
We have carefully prepared our agenda, the Liberal Party’s (PL) principles, and our plans for Rwandans from 2024 to 2029 during this five-year term. This is based on the pillars of the economy, social welfare, and good governance.
Every political party has the responsibility to lead Rwandans toward sustainable development, ensuring their welfare, safety, and a country that experiences rapid and lasting progress.
All of this is grounded in the vision we have collectively set as Rwandans, whether you belong to a political party or not.
We have all contributed to the Vision 2050, and there are other sustainable development goals we must achieve as a country and globally, such as Vision 2063. These foundations are what we will present to Rwandans to secure their votes, enabling us to contribute to the goals we have set as a nation.
{{We have seen that you have chosen to support Paul Kagame. As a significant party in Rwanda, don’t you think you should present your own candidate instead of supporting another party’s candidate?}}
It is not only in Rwanda that a political party supports a candidate from another party.
The Liberal Party granted its members the freedom to choose. We asked them if they saw fit to present a candidate, and if so, who within the party would be suitable? They chose to support the candidate presented by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) Inkotanyi, Paul Kagame.
During the deliberations, each speaker highlighted the reasons why they felt we should support the RPF Inkotanyi candidate, emphasizing the achievements and positive direction he has brought to the country.
When considering a Head of State, you ask what Rwandans need. But you must also conduct a broader analysis, asking what Rwanda as a country needs and who has the capability to meet those needs.
Given the critical challenges we faced after President Paul Kagame stopped the Genocide against the Tutsi and liberated our country from all possible evils, looking at our progress and vision, it is clear that there is no reason to change a winning team.
From the worst possible state, we have reached a place where even the world marvels at our progress. What seemed like a dead country has resurrected, with people rebuilding and showing great resilience, all thanks to good leadership.
We believe this good leadership should continue to guide us to reach and even surpass our goals, establishing a strong foundation and pillars while collaborating with him in all aspects.
{{In 2010, you had a candidate in the Presidential election. Did the unsatisfactory results lead you to support Paul Kagame this time?}}
You must consider the state of the country, the region, and the world at large because the world has become like a village. You must look at the interests of the country and Rwandans.
Considering all these factors, we concluded that the right candidate to support is Paul Kagame. However, this does not prevent us from preparing to present our own candidate in the future.
{{Do you think President Kagame’s successor could come from the Liberal Party?}}
We will assess that in due time, as it requires thorough preparation. When the time comes, you will know.
Before the Genocide against the Tutsi, the Liberal Party was very active, but now many people wonder what you do that would attract someone without a political affiliation to join the PL. What would you say to them?
The Liberal Party was founded on July 14, 1991. This July, we will be celebrating 33 years. It started during a very challenging and politically difficult time, with significant strength and noble goals.
The party fought for individual freedom, which was not available to Rwandans, for justice, and for development.
Living in a country that denies people their rights, where there is no justice, and where people cannot freely pursue activities that can lead to their development is unacceptable.
A country with severe exclusion and oppression of some Rwandans cannot progress if it is divided.
Fighting for these causes during such challenging times was not easy. We persisted, but Habyarimana’s regime saw the power of the Liberal Party and split it, creating a faction called PL Power based on ethnicity, while the rest of us continued with the original mission.
Understandably, many PL members were victims of the Genocide against the Tutsi, but those who survived drew strength from within to rebuild the party’s political foundation, focusing on unifying Rwandans, which had been shattered.
We had the framework and the place to work from, which enabled us to continue building our strength to collaborate with other Rwandans in rebuilding the country, advancing it, and fostering a sense of unity. We are proud of the role we played in achieving this progress.
{{You have led the parliament for 11 years; when you look back, which achievements do you appreciate that have changed the lives of the citizens?}}
When we talk about the Assembly, it’s not about an individual looking at themselves alone, speaking as a leader or viewing it as just the Parliament because it involves collaboration with colleagues.
The Parliament has different organs, including the General Assembly as the main body, the Chairpersons’ Council, and various committee works where we all work together.
Regarding its responsibilities of enacting laws and overseeing government activities, we do all this collectively.
We are proud of all we have achieved as a country because we have fulfilled our duties as the Parliament while working with other institutions.
When we talk about enacting laws, they are established to ensure that the policies that have been set can be implemented, and laws are made to address specific issues.
When we oversee the government’s activities, we are looking at things like the past seven-year program, the 2050 vision, and ensuring that the goals Rwandans need to achieve are met appropriately, bringing visible changes in the lives of Rwandans.
I can say that we are proud of what we have achieved because we played our part in our duties as the Parliament across all levels. We cannot claim it was just us alone; we all worked together.
{{We sometimes see laws being enacted and then amended shortly after; how does this happen, and why aren’t enduring laws passed from the beginning?}}
We are a developing country; when laws are enacted, we do not stop there. After some time, we go back and review our oversight duty to monitor the implementation of those laws to see if they are solving the issues they were created to address.
We review how they are being implemented, often after about three years. When we review their implementation, we sometimes find that they are not being implemented correctly or are not solving the issues they were created to address, making it necessary to amend them.
We are a country that wants to progress quickly, and like when you build a house, there comes a point where you notice things that need to be improved even though the plan was initially well-drawn. You may need to make adjustments to make it better.
When building a country, you reach a point where you review and ask if what you are doing is solving the problems that led to the laws being enacted. That is where amendments come in.
There is nothing wrong with amending; the problem would be to leave something that is not working well unaddressed because you are not amending it.
