The outbreak of mpox in Rwanda comes barely two weeks after 25 cases of the viral infection were confirmed in Goma town, the Eastern Province Capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
The Government of Rwanda has since assured the general population that it is well-prepared to handle the outbreak. But what exactly is mpox?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the viral illness is caused by a virus known as the monkey pox virus.
This virus was first identified in Denmark in 1958 during a research study involving monkeys. The first known human case was of a young child who was diagnosed in 1970 in the DRC.
The infection is transmitted to humans through physical contact with contaminated materials, or with infected animals or other human beings.
Medics say that the mpox virus enters the body through inhalation of respiratory droplets, pores of the skin, and mucous membranes mainly found in the mouth, throat, eyes, genitals, or the rectum.
It also spreads easily within households through sexual intercourse amongst couples, with individuals having multiple partners being at increased risk.
Common symptoms include a rash or sores that can last several weeks, accompanied by fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with individuals who have the virus. Vaccination is also effective in protecting those at high risk.
At the national level, the Ministry of Health says it will rely on advanced response systems and protocols to detect and contain the spread of the infection.
“Rwanda is well-prepared to handle a potential mpox outbreak, leveraging our experience and systems developed during previous health challenges like COVID-19,” Dr Edson Rwagasore, the Division Manager of Public Health Surveillance and Emergency Preparedness and Response at Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), told local media.
“We can now quickly test and confirm infections using advanced methods, including genomic sequencing, which is crucial for effective outbreak management,” he said.
Rwagasore says it is important to remain vigilant despite the measures instilling confidence in the country’s ability to manage potential health challenges, including mpox.
The number of property developers and architecture firms registered in the country over the last decade has grown significantly as property entrepreneurs seek to capitalize on this promising sector.
Johnson Bigwi is the founder of Futuristic Design Group (FDG) Africa, a local company which offers engineering services with a special focus on urban development. He told IGIHE in a recent interview that the sector has experienced exponential growth over the last decade, particularly in the architectural design of buildings emerging in Kigali and other parts of the country.
A graduate of Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) in Nairobi, Bigwi ventured into real estate in 2014. At the time, he observed that most buildings shared a similar aesthetic design and this presented him with an opportunity.
“This gave us the chance to offer alternative, well-orchestrated designs and we have since grown to offer other services, including surveying and construction, to cater for the growing demands on the market,” Bigwi said.
Despite the setbacks brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic, Rwanda’s economic is on a steady trajectory. This has led to a rising middle class with increased disposable income, creating a fertile ground for diverse real estate investments.
Boris Muhirwa, a project manager for DND Developers in Kigali, concurs that the demand for luxury apartments is on the rise.
A civil engineer with close to 15 years of experience, Muhirwa is currently overseeing the refurbishment of the Royal Golf View Apartment Hotel in Kigali’s upscale Kacyiru neighborhood. The 10-storey structure will encompass residential apartments, retail spaces, and a hotel upon completion.
He revealed that while the project is only a month old and has a two-year timeline, several clients have already placed bookings.
“Previously, people were hesitant to pay upfront for something they had no input be it with design or execution. However, the industry has evolved, and clients now have more confidence in developers, allowing for installment payment plans,” Muhirwa said.
Beyond the traditional residential and commercial infrastructure, the Rwandan real estate market is experiencing robust growth fueled by a number of factors such as increased accessibility to financing through local financial institutions.
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Prince Hoffman Banamwana, a real estate marketer and founder of Quick Homes Rwanda, believes that investor-friendly policies and unmatched security have been instrumental in attracting foreign investment, thereby stimulating growth in the sector.
“The government policies have ensured one thing beyond reasonable doubt– safety,” says Banamwana, a social sensation renowned for his vibrant YouTube channel where he showcases houses for potential clients to buy.
According to him, once people feel safe, they are bound to stay or even engage in productive activities in a given area.
Government advertising initiatives such as Visit Rwanda have also opened up Rwanda’s tourism sector, promoting the hotel and hospitality industry.
“The government is doing us a great service by advertising the country through Visit Rwanda campaigns, such as the partnership with Arsenal and other teams, which attract people to visit. Once here, they often fall in love with the country and want to stay,” he added.
Banamwana observed that infrastructure development makes Rwanda an attractive destination for real estate investors. Investments in transportation, energy, and telecommunications are improving the business environment and supporting real estate development.
Beyond the current improvements, there is widespread consensus that there are substantial investment opportunities for real estate developers, particularly in affordable housing and high-rise buildings.
“The current market is unaffordable. It’s expensive across the board. Anyone investing in affordable housing here would tap into a significant market that could be supported by government initiatives,” Banamwana stated.
By and large, there’s a growing need to explore high-rise buildings due to limitations of available land, the demand for modern and amenity-rich living spaces, and the desire for efficient and sustainable urban development.
A statement released by the Prime Minister’s office on Sunday, July 28, indicated that the two leaders discussed their mutual commitment to addressing illegal migration.
“They acknowledged that illegal migration remains a pressing global challenge and emphasized the importance of dismantling the business model of criminal gangs profiting from human suffering,” the statement reads in part.
Illegal migration was a major challenge for the previous administration of Rishi Sunak and his predecessors in the Conservative Party. It remains a significant issue for the new administration as well.
Early this month, Starmer announced that he was terminating the UK-Rwanda Migration and Economic Development Partnership.
The agreement, signed in December 2023, stipulated that asylum seekers arriving illegally in the UK would be transferred to Rwanda, where their claims would be processed.
In response to the intention to terminate the deal, the Rwandan government highlighted its adherence to the agreement.
“Rwanda has fully upheld its side of the agreement, including with regard to finances, and remains committed to finding solutions to the global migration crisis,” said the office of the Government Spokesperson.
With the new leadership in the UK, the future of migration policies and international partnerships remains uncertain. However, the commitment demonstrated by both Starmer and Kagame to address global challenges collaboratively sets a hopeful tone for ongoing and future cooperation between the two nations.
Ordinarily, the history of Rwandan football is one of a modest and locally contained affair with a few foreign players who graced the stage in the 1980s throughout the 1990s.
Traditionally, most of these foreign players were from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and sometimes Uganda.
Notable names include Jean-Marie Ntagwabira (RIP), who played for local clubs during the 1980s going on to become a famous coach, and Hassan Gasana, a prominent striker who played for APR FC and was known for his goal-scoring ability during the late 1990s. Both players were originally from Burundi.
Others are Shabani Nonda, Bokota Kamana Labama (both from DRC) and Uganda’s Ibrahim Mugisha, a highly-regarded goalkeeper who played for APR FC and Rayon Sports during the 1990s and early 2000s.
In modern history, Rwanda, as a country, has blossomed into a beacon of sporting excellence, establishing standard infrastructure as a way of boosting the sports fraternity, especially football.
As thus, Rwandan football clubs, keen on elevating their game and making a mark on the regional stage have started scouting beyond regional borders.
There is an influx of foreign players across the African continent, particularly from the football-rich nations of West Africa.
With countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Cameroon, West Africa is a region celebrated for its prodigious footballing talent.
Known for producing world-class players, this region has now become the prime target for Rwandan clubs looking to infuse new energy and skill into their squads.
The latest to join is Agyenim Boateng Mensah, a Ghanaian youngster who last week signed for Huye-based Mukura Victory Sports club on a two-year deal.
As he came to Rwanda, Agyenim was the second top scorer in the Ghana Premier League of the season after netting 14 goals in 19 games.
Before that, others like Michael Sarpong and Olokwei Commodore have also featured in the Rwanda Premier League but Prosper Donkor stands out as the initiator of the exodus of Ghanaian players to Rwanda when he signed for Rayon Sports FC on August 5, 2018.
Today, APR FC has Salomon Banga from Cameroon and Victor Mbaoma, a Nigerian centre-forward who has also played for the Nigeria national football team. Police FC has 22-year-old Odili Chukwuma who was recently signed from Bugesera FC. The list is endless.
The arrival of West African players has brought a breath of fresh air to the league. This is because with their dazzling footwork, tactical acumen, and unwavering determination, they quickly become the heartbeats of their teams.
Festus Adejere is a young Nigerian talent who plays for Second Division Side La Jeunesse FC. He says that he is proud to leverage the insights he gets from his managers and teammates to enhance his professional journey.
“Training sessions here turn into learning experiences, with fellow teammates picking up new techniques, strategies, and a deeper understanding of the game,” he says.
According to him, the fusion of local enthusiasm and foreign expertise blended with a unique footballing culture makes the game more entertaining and highly competitive.
Adejere, who was his team’s top scorer last season with 14 goals, says that the integration of these foreign players into Rwandan teams has also fostered a sense of unity and camaraderie.
“As you develop further, the impact goes beyond just winning matches. You try to become a mentor or role model for younger Rwandan players, inspiring them to dream bigger and work harder,” he explains.
This shared love for football has bridged cultural gaps, promoted mutual respect and understanding. Most West African players have embraced Rwandan culture, while locals appreciate the diverse backgrounds and stories their new heroes come with.
Today, the Rwanda Premier League stands as a testament to the power of collaboration and diversity in sports. This has not only raised the standard of football in Rwanda but has also brought a sense of excitement and global connectivity to the league.
As the league continues to grow, striving to be a melting pot of talent, where young Rwandan prospects come together to create football magic, the contribution of West African talent cannot be underestimated.
The status of Rwandan football is a story of ambition, collaboration, and the unifying spirit of the game. It is Sport reimagined, where every match is a celebration of talent and culture.
The beautiful game continues to transcend borders, bringing joy and inspiration to all who witness it.
The legendary Kenyan opposition leader made the remarks after signing the AUC Chair application documents on Saturday, July 27, 2024.
“I signed off my AUC Chair application documents. We are focused on bringing the seat home for Kenya and serving the African people,” Odinga stated.
Thereafter, Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary, Korir Sing’oei confirmed that all was set for the submission of Odinga’s application documents.
“All-Set-Go!” Sing’oei captioned social media photos showing bundles of the documents set to be submitted to the AU Secretariat for consideration.
August 6, 2024, is the deadline for submission of candidatures for the coveted continental job.
Odinga, who previously served as African Union High Representative for Infrastructure Development, is seeking to succeed Chad’s Moussa Faki in elections slated for February 2025.
He is among four renowned African leaders who have declared interest in the job. Others are former Seychelles Vice President Vincent Meriton, Djibouti’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Mahmoud Youssouf, and ex-Somali Foreign Minister Fawzia Yusuf.
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Odinga received a huge boost in his bid earlier this year when the African Union Executive Council unanimously resolved that candidates for the position of the next chairperson of the AU Commission would be nominated by the Eastern African regional states.
Several African Heads of State, including President Paul Kagame and Uganda’s Yoweri Museveni have since expressed their support for Odinga to clinch the top job.
Others are Samia Suluhu of Tanzania, Salva Kiir Mayardit of South Sudan, and Ghana’s Nana Akufo-Addo.
Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera and his Zambian counterpart Hakainde Hichilema have also pledged to support Odinga’s bid.
The chairperson of the AU Commission is the Chief Executive Officer of the African Union.
The position is crucial in driving the Union’s agenda and representing the continent on the
global arena.
Candidates for the position are nominated by member states of the African Union. A high-level panel of eminent Africans is responsible for assessing and shortlisting the nominated candidates based on their qualifications, experience, and leadership abilities.
The final election is conducted by the Assembly of the African Union, which comprises representatives from all member states. The election is held by secret ballot, and a two-thirds majority of eligible member states is required to elect the Chairperson.
The successful candidate serves a four-year term, renewable once.
Under the theme “Building Resilient and Sustainable Food Systems,” the exposition serves as a platform for stakeholders to exchange knowledge, explore business opportunities, and foster partnerships that can contribute to the growth and development of Rwanda’s agriculture sector.
According to Dr Olivier Kamana, the Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture, the show aims to showcase the latest advancements and technologies in the agricultural sector.
“It offers an unequalled opportunity to leverage the showcasing of agricultural technologies and innovations, access to financial and entrepreneurship opportunities to fast track agriculture sector transformation,” he said in a statement.
The Agrishow has become a flagship event in the agricultural sector, attracting farmers, agribusinesses, policymakers, researchers, and international exhibitors.
This year’s show promises to be bigger and better as it has already started attracting engaging discourse.
Elie Mugisha, a modern farming and communication enthusiast says that sustainable farming and conservation agriculture are some of the issues he is expecting to acquire more knowledge about.
“You will meet expertise in fish farming who are making it a big business nowadays. Do not plan to miss this one,” he said ahead of the event.
The organizers have already received an overwhelming response from exhibitors, with various participants registering for the event so far.
They expect a diverse group of participants from within the region and beyond highlighting the international interest and recognition of Rwanda’s agricultural potential.
Visitors will expect a wide array of exhibits, including agricultural machinery, livestock, seeds, fertilizers, agro-processing technologies, and innovative solutions for sustainable farming practices.
The show will also feature live demonstrations, expert presentations, panel discussions, and networking opportunities, making it a comprehensive and interactive experience for all attendees.
Farmers, entrepreneurs, researchers, students, and anyone interested in the agricultural sector are encouraged to seize this opportunity to learn, connect, and explore the future of agriculture in Rwanda.
The two leaders met on the side lines of the ongoing Olympics in Paris, France, on Saturday.
In a brief statement, President Kagame said they discussed their shared commitment to fruitful bilateral cooperation, including strengthening partnerships in trade, sports, technology, and environmental protection.
The UK and Rwanda have been developing a strong commercial relationship in recent years, with growing interest in expanding trade volume.
The UK is a leading investor in Rwanda, particularly in the tea sector. More than 150 British companies are registered in Rwanda.
Additionally, the UK government is actively involved in supporting Rwanda’s business environment through initiatives like the Rwanda Investment Climate Reform Program.
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Saturday’s meeting was the first since Starmer’s Labour Party was voted into government earlier this month, ending the 14-year dominance of the Conservative Party.
Starmer’s ascent to the high office was, however, marked by controversy following his decision to scrap the UK-Rwanda migration deal introduced by the Conservative Party.
The UK-Rwanda Migration and Economic Development Partnership was signed in April 2022. The deal aimed to deter unauthorized immigration, especially people arriving by small boats, by referring the asylum seekers to Rwanda.
The migration scheme was set to kick off in July after a two-year delay occasioned by court battles and opposition from a section of Members of Parliament.
Starmer argued that the policy was neither a deterrent nor value for money. He has pledged to tackle the issue ‘upstream’ by getting rid of people-smuggling gangs behind the movements.
In response to the termination of the deal, Rwanda reaffirmed that it was committed to addressing the global migration crisis despite the setback.
“We remain committed to finding solutions to the global migration crisis, including providing safety, dignity and opportunity to refugees and migrants who come to our country,” the Government said.
That is the state in which I found Nadine Tuyishime, a mother of a young boy whose ordeal is a life-sobering experience.
Six years ago, her son (name withheld), was born a happy baby like many others but the joy that comes with the birth of a child was not to last long because he was born with Autism.
The boy could not express his needs or communicate well until the age of four, necessitating the continued use of diapers. He remained silent when spoken to, behaving as if he had a hearing impairment. His mode of communication was very unpredictable.
“If you took something he wanted or didn’t do what he wanted, he would throw himself on the ground in anger to indicate his displeasure,” she reminisces.
Before Tuyishime discovered that her son was autistic, she would often discipline him physically, hoping to correct his behaviour. While this approach did lead to some changes, it also caused her son to become secluded.
“I tried to correct this by beating him, which made him stop, but he also stopped loving me. This was very hard to comprehend as a parent,” she explains.
With the help of relatives and friends, Tuyishime enrolled her son into a school of children with special needs know as Autism Rwanda Center where his ability and sense of acumen have greatly improved.
Her son is one of 11 children who recently graduated from the centre after showing great improvement in social behaviour and displaying readiness and willingness to get integrated into regular school programs.
Despite the improved ability of his son, Tuyishime has endured emotional breakdown because of a time she felt helpless regarding her son’s condition.
“He enrolled in nursery school with limited speech, but eventually, he stopped talking altogether. This was the biggest heartbreak I have ever encountered in my life,” she said with a tinge of bitterness and despair in her voice.
On a lighter note though, Tuyishime’s son has emotionally stabilized and is now ready to attend regular primary school even though he still needs constant monitoring.
Mothers of children born with Autism often think that it is a curse or condemnation for having done something wrong during the pregnancy to cause the problem.
Most of them go through emotional breakdowns because such a condition causes significant cognitive delays in growth, making it difficult for the children to keep up at the same level as their peers. They do not go through regular schooling programs like others.
However, once put in a safe environment, free from the mistreatment of those who do not understand his condition, autistic children are able to learn basic life skills such as reading and writing.
At a young age, most of these children are unable to adapt to varying conditions, their speech is blurred, they can’t easily express their needs and cry frequently.
A lot is required in transforming autistic children, especially in helping stabilize their emotions.
Parents are usually advised not to force things when they notice something unusual with their children, but rather seek adequate information about the issue and find early ways to help instead of judging without understanding.
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Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the brain and nerve function, resulting in mental disabilities. It causes unusual behavior and makes it difficult for individuals to understand why they need to perform certain actions.
Those with autism often exhibit selective eating habits, struggle to control their emotions, and have difficulty understanding social interactions, sometimes remaining silent as if they do not comprehend.
They are generally averse to changes in their routine, which can lead to intense frustration when their environment is altered or when they are placed in unfamiliar situations, affecting their emotional stability.
Additionally, they face challenges with speech, sometimes repeating the same word multiple times or failing to string together coherent sentences, which contributes to cognitive delays, requiring special attention.
Medics say that there is not proven cause of Autism and most of the time it can be detected when a child is about two years old.
“Autism is typically diagnosed around two years of age because that’s when the social, behavioral and verbal dysfunction becomes clearer. Most of the time it’s diagnosed after two years especially if the child is on a milder spectrum,” says Doctor Edgar Kalimba, a senior consultant Pediatrician at King Faisal Hospital.
Currently, there are no government centres in Rwanda for people with autism apart from private institutions Autism Rwanda-Center.
Rosine Duquesne Kamagaju, the Director at the centre urges the government to establish affordable support systems for children with autism, as parents with limited means cannot access necessary assistance.
“We earnestly ask the government to continue supporting us. They help a little, but we need more substantial efforts. Parents are suffering, but these children are capable,” she said.
Duquesne Kamagaju shares the view that establishment of similar centres in other provinces is very important as some will have to make long-distance travels to access such facilities in Kigali.
At Autism Rwanda, children receive optimum care to stimulate their brains, stabilize their emotions, help them interact socially, and provide basic education as if they were in regular schools.
Kabarebe made the remarks on Thursday, July 25, 2024, while taking youths from the diaspora on a tour of the Gikoba Liberation Trail in Nyagatare District, a site used by the Rwandan Patriotic Army (RPA) during its liberation struggle from 1990 to 1994.
At the time, Gen (Rtd) Kabarebe was the commander of the forces protecting the RPA leader Kagame during the war.
During the tour, Kabarebe told the Rwandan youth from various countries that during the early months of the war, there was constant fighting day and night as government forces attempted to dislodge them, but their determination helped them to prevail.
From January to May 1991, the struggle consisted of guerrilla attacks aimed at weakening and confusing the enemy, causing him to disperse his forces.
In June of that year, Kagame, who was the commander of the RPA, decided to send his troops to an area called Muvumba, choosing it because the abundant banana groves provided good cover and food to sustain the troops.
Gen (Rtd) Kabarebe revealed that they were preparing to engage in a new, entrenched form of combat rather than guerrilla attacks.
“He decided to move the troops from the mountains, changed the tactics from mobile guerrilla warfare to positional warfare. He instructed all the commanders and the soldiers to dig trenches just across here. He brought all the military leaders to show them his trench and asked them to dig their own. They were to face the enemy. The enemy well equipped with artillery, with mortars, with APCs, armored personnel carriers, helicopters, and everything,” he revealed.
Kabarebe disclosed that he was the one who dug that historic trench, which is still visible today.
“I was the commander of the force that protected the president and I am the one who dug this trench,” he added.
Gen (Rtd) Kabarebe noted that the battle was tough because then Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana had put all his efforts into fighting the RPA forces. However, sustained attacks on the government army forced the former Head of State to give some concessions, allowing for peace negotiations in Arusha, Tanzania.
“There was a time when Habyarimana sent many troops, heavily armed. The fighting was intense. Do you know what the Chief of Staff told us? He said, ‘We will never leave this place, even if we have to dig trenches under those mountains and hide there, but we will stay here.’”
“He wanted to tell us that no matter what happens, we should not leave this area and fight until we win.”
From that time, the RPA forces began to encircle the enemy, digging trenches that surrounded the government forces, cutting off all supply routes for food and other necessities, and also blocking their own escape routes.
Whoever starved first would be forced to abandon their positions.
“There was no point in time when our force ever succumbed and left its defence because of hunger. Our level of resilience was very, very high,” he stated.
The war would go on for more than three years until the RPA forces captured Kigali and ended the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
Meanwhile, during the tour, Gen (Rtd) Kabarebe urged the young people from the diaspora to emulate the patriotism of the youth who sacrificed their lives during the liberation struggle.
Born and raised in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 29 years ago, Luladey Takele Teshome has been captivated by the world of art since childhood. Over the years, she has developed a passion for telling unique stories through artistic cultural curation, aiming to inspire positivity in society.
Luladey moved to Kigali about six years ago, where she has continued to explore her creativity through various mediums, including painting, design, photography, and ink sketching. She is currently the Art Project Management Consultant at the British Council, after several years in Rwanda’s education sector.
IGIHE caught up with the sassy artist at the Mundi Centre in Kicukiro district, where she is showcasing a solo art project she has been working on over the last two years.
Luladey explains that the collection of artwork dubbed “Blue Circle” depicts her journey of discovery and rediscovery. The artwork conveys different emotions, aiming to inspire people to experience life as a full circle, embracing both lows and highs with optimism.
“The circle is the emotional circle – the growth that we are going through. Wherever we are today is not where we are going to be tomorrow. Sometimes you feel the peak, sometimes you feel the low, and sometimes you are just on the journey,” Luladey stated.
“There are pieces that are about my highs, the things that make me happy, the things that make me hopeful. And then there are lows that make me feel sad, vulnerable and lonely,” she added.
She explains that the blue colour is used to depict different emotions in her drawings and paintings having changed its identity over time.
“The blue colour has been associated with concepts such as tranquillity, stability, trust, loyalty, and spirituality. It’s often considered a calming colour, evoking feelings of peace and serenity,” she says.
Luladey’s exhibition at Mundi Centre features several paintings and 11 ink sketches.
She is passionate about one of the paintings titled “Blue Moon,” “A blue moon is something that comes once in a season. It signifies that whenever we experience peaks or lows, each moment is as present as you can be, and can only be lived once. If you’re sad about something once, you won’t be sad about the same thing at the same level every single time. It will shift over time.”
More than a hundred artists attended the first day of the three-day solo exhibition on Thursday, July 25, 2024.
The highly interactive session was more than just a moment to appreciate art; it was also a platform for artists from diverse backgrounds to network and challenge each other in pursuit of their dreams.
“I would want us as artists and the general public to give ourselves a challenge to overcome something we wanted to do but didn’t. We have the capacity to break that barrier in our way. So just lift that up and do what you said you will do,” Luladey said, citing her solo exhibition as a big win.
Artists Jackson Manzi and Carley Cyuzuzo lauded Luladey’s work and urged other colleagues in the industry who didn’t manage to attend the exhibition to take advantage of the remaining two days to learn something new from Luladey’s creativity.
“Any artist willing to come will learn something from her. She is a good artist – she’s really good at what she does. The message she’s giving out is good for anyone who wants to feel the love and feel free,” Cyuzuzo noted.
The exhibition continues on Friday, July 26, and Saturday, July 27, 2024.
Unlike Thursday’s exhibition, which was limited to invited artists, Friday and Saturday’s exhibitions will be open to the public.
The Friday session is scheduled to start at 11 am and run until 9:00 pm, while Saturday’s session will close at 5:55 pm.
The Saturday session will be special and will feature a talk between Luladey and another artist, Sophie, from 1 to 3 pm. Afterwards, the floor will open to a highly engaging session dubbed “create, critic, and connect.
Luladey’s captivating paintings and drawings will be available for acquisition throughout the three-day expo. Prices range from $251 to $940.
