Representing Zimbabwe, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Minister Frederick Shava, along with two other cabinet ministers, led the delegation.
Rwanda’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Dr. Vincent Biruta, represented the country during the signing ceremony.
Notably, Dr. Shava emphasized the importance of implementing the agreements and urged both countries to work diligently to ensure their full implementation.
He also acknowledged the strong bilateral relations between Rwanda and Zimbabwe.
Meanwhile, Dr. Biruta highlighted the existing economic partnership as a noteworthy aspect of cooperation between the two nations.
He emphasized the deep-rooted trade relations and the potential for further expansion.
Both countries recognize the urgent need to enhance trade and economic cooperation, aligning with the amicable relations enjoyed by both nations.
Write this essay. Complete this analysis. Unpack the meaning behind this excerpt. These are all sentences that bring horror to those who do homework – lengthy essays about things that students are not sure they care about, and that many do not see the point in doing in the first place.
This homework is not designed to be terrifying; it is designed to ignite the mind and critical thinking; to challenge students to form their own opinions and then using research and cognitive thinking to back them up. Currently, this is being threatened by tools like ChatGPT.
Yet, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are here to stay so instead of seeing it as a threat, it should be seen as an asset, but one that supports cognitive growth and memory function rather than replacing it, says Anna Collard, SVP Content Strategy & Evangelist at KnowBe4 AFRICA.
“Research by George Millar in 1956 found that the average person can only keep around seven items in their working memory,” she explains. “Miller’s Law of seven plus-minus two means up to nine or as little as five items are the limit of a human’s processing abilities. Today, that number has gone down to four. This research, along with other academic papers and analyses, points to reduced memory due to an over reliance on technology also called the Google effect,” explains Collard.
This is a concern, one that has grown increasingly vocal over the past year as educators and researchers have pondered the impact of technology, and now AI, on cognitive behaviour and memory retention.
However, it is also balanced by research that has pointed out that actually, human beings have been outsourcing their memory to various materials and solutions for centuries. Paper, parchment, papyrus and wood are some prime examples. Modern technology is no different. It can be a tool to bolster memory and make it far easier for humans to manage lives that are deluged by information, noise and digital clutter.
“The research goes in both directions, suggesting that technology is both an enabler and an inhibitor of human memory,” says Collard. “This points to the fact that actually, the impact does not lie in using it, but in how it is used or, in the case of ChatGPT, abused. The latter can be an immensely useful tool that supports students in their research and studies, but if it becomes the sole source of information and does all the writing for them, that is where the problems start.”
Nowadays, remembering where you found a fact has become more important than remembering the fact itself. This translates directly into the biggest challenge with ChatGPT – it is vague on its sources and often out of date, which means that it rarely is as accurate as it needs to be.
“ChatGPT uses machine learning to infer information and this introduces inaccuracies,” says Collard. “If you ask ChatGPT what happens if you break a mirror, it replies with ‘You will have seven years of bad luck’. This is not a fact; it is based on superstition. If users do not constantly check the factual accuracy of ChatGPT, they run the risk of sharing fake news, inaccurate information and even conspiracy theories.”
The TruthfulQA benchmark test has found that most generative models are only truthful 25% of the time, according to the 2022 Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Index Report. This means over reliance on technology such as ChatGPT is simply going to make the student’s work look stupid. However, that is not enough to stop people from turning to tech when they are tired, overwhelmed or lazy, which means that the best approach is to embrace it.
“Do not ban it, rather teach students how to use it within practical guidelines and policies that help them to enhance their understanding of AI and this type of tool,” concludes Collard. “This will enhance their own critical thinking skills by asking them to question the sources, content, truthfulness and accuracy of the content that the platform serves up to them, and it will turn the threat into an opportunity.”
Residents in the conflict zones are facing acute shortages of basic services, food, electricity, and water supply, while the situation has been exacerbated by air bombardments and looting of major local markets.
This has disrupted the supply of daily necessities, sent the prices of food commodities to skyrocket, and raised fears about an inflation surge that could push millions of Sudanese to the edge of starvation.
Mohamed Noureddine Hashim, a Sudanese economist, told Xinhua that “major food commodity factories and import companies of the country are in Khartoum, but most of those factories have now been vandalized to closure.”
He warned the number of citizens in need of urgent aid will likely increase “as millions of employees are currently unable to work because of the war.”
“Prices have increased dramatically for staple goods and there are shortages of imported goods such as wheat flour, oil, and tomato paste,” said the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, citing a report by the Mercy Corps.
“In some areas, shops have closed because of insecurity or lack of goods. Access to cash remains a significant issue in Khartoum and South Darfur, while the increase in fuel prices and transportation costs has hindered both daily life and the ability of people to move out of insecure areas,” the report said.
Residents of Khartoum are suffering from frequent power outages for long hours due to the suspension of purchasing electricity through bank applications or direct sales windows, according to the National Electricity Corporation.
“There is no electricity in the northern Al-Shabiya area (a neighborhood north of Khartoum),” Tariq Hanafi, a resident of the Al-Shabiya neighborhood, told Xinhua on Tuesday.
Hanafi said that some residents had to resort to other alternatives, such as generators, but failed to operate them due to a lack of fuel. The power outages also disrupted the water supply.
In addition, the disruption of the education system is causing deep concerns in the country, as observers said it could leave the future of thousands of students uncertain.
Salah Abdel-Ghaffar, a Sudanese academician and educational supervisor, said on Tuesday that over 500,000 students were scheduled to take the Sudanese certificate exams next June, but now their fate is uncertain.
“If the crisis prolongs, the academic year will be blown in the air,” said Abdel-Ghaffar, who also expressed concerns about the “psychological effects of war on children.”
Eyewitnesses reported direct clashes on Tuesday between units of the Sudanese Army and RSF fighters in the Jabra area in the south of Khartoum, as well as Arkaweet, Al-Mamoura and El-Jeraif in the east of the capital.
The Sudanese Doctors Union said on Tuesday in a statement that the civilian death toll has climbed to 822 since the clashes broke out on April 15.
The event brought together officials from the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) as well as the 15 member states of the Regional Center on Small Arms in the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa and Bordering States (RECSA) to review ways of preventing the diversion of small arms and light weapons for illegal activities and hence contributing to the implementation of the African Union Silencing the Guns initiative.
In his opening remarks, Ivor Richard Fung, chief of the Conventional Arms Branch at the UNODA, said that one way of eradicating the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons is through strengthening national arms regulations. “These weapons also need to be marked so that they are given a specific identity so that they can be easily traced and recovered.”
Badreldin Elamin Abdelgadir, executive secretary of the RECSA, said that combating the unregulated trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, as well as addressing the impact of misuse of legally owned weapons requires examining the human factors behind the supply, demand, and misuse of such weapons.
He noted that all the spheres of society have to be integrated and mobilized to ensure that all actors and institutions play a role in preventing the illicit arms flows, and diversion of weapons into the illegal and criminal networks.
Wilson Njega, principal administrative secretary in Kenya’s Ministry of Interior and National Administration, said that the country is about to fulfill one of its commitments to regional and international treaties on arms control as it nears completion of its marking of firearms and ammunition.
Njega said that the National Police Service has already marked 98 percent of its firearms stock while the Kenya Defence Forces 70 percent. “Considering that small arms and light weapons are responsible for many deaths and injuries in armed conflicts, it is imperative that we enhance the traceability of our firearms and ammunition.”
PCH operates a global network of internet exchange points including Ricta, an institution mandated to manage the .RW country code top level domain.
The firm is also in the business of providing equipment, training, data, and operational support to organizations and individual researchers seeking to improve the quality, robustness, and Internet accessibility.
PCH global provides operational and cybersecurity support to Ricta and the many other hard working IXP operators who keep the internet bits flowing.
An IXP is an essential technical infrastructure where networks come together to connect and exchange Internet traffic.
As of 2022, major PCH projects include building and supporting nearly half of the world’s approximately 700 internet exchange points (IXPs) and maintaining the canonical index of Internet exchange points.
On the same day, President Kagame met with Dr. Lassina Zerbo, Chairperson of Rwanda Atomic Energy Board (RAEB) and Dr. Fidel Ndahayo, CEO of RAEB.
Rwanda’s Presidency has revealed that they discussed the importance of nuclear energy for Africa’s future and the need to invest in capacity building to take advantage of ongoing innovations, including the development of small modular reactor technology.
The event is part of a series of events piloted by the Delegation of the European Union in Rwanda in the runup to the Women Deliver 2023 conference from 17 until 20 July 2023 in Kigali. In a #TeamEurope effort, several themes closely related to the cross-cutting issues of gender equality and women’s empowerment will be highlighted.
This Tuesday on 16th May 2023, the Embassy of Belgium in Kigali, the Belgian development agency Enabel, Wallonie-Bruxelles International (WBI) and European and Rwandan partners have brought together women entrepreneurs in the cultural and creative industry in Rwanda and gave them the opportunity to showcase their companies, products and services.
Visual artists, advocates of the Rwandan culinary culture, illustrators, fashion designers, authors, etc., a wide range of talented creators responded to the call and came to celebrate their achievements with an audience of 200+ participants from different backgrounds : entrepreneurs, private sector development experts, government bodies, artists, institutions, etc.
The cultural fair was animated by an artistic program, curated by L’Espace, which is a creative lab, arts gallery and theatre space in Kigali headed by a female entrepreneur. The guests were treated to a variety of musical performances, theater reading, poetry, slam and dance, all performed by talented Rwandan artists.
Special honors went to one Rwandan cultural entrepreneur in particular: Credia Umuhire Ruzigana, winner of Enabel’s Awa Prize 2022. With her company, Imanzi Creations, Credia develops entertainment and educational tools for youth, based on Rwandan cultural references. With illustrated story books, games and puzzles, Imanzi takes inspiration from forgotten Rwandan heroes. In doing so, she promotes Rwandan heritage and makes an impact on society.
Her efforts were crowned by victory in the category ‘Scale-up’ of the first edition of the Awa Prize, Enabel’s new initiative for women entrepreneurs. With co-laureats from from Burundi, Mali and Marocco, she received the prize a first time on 26 January 2023 from the hands of Her Royal Highness Queen Mathilde of Belgium and Belgian Minister for Development Caroline Gennez. The idea behind the prize is to show women and men that entrepreneurship can be synonymous with social success, personal development and positive effects on the community – without upsetting the family balance.
“I feel honored to be among the winners of this first edition of the Awa Prize” the winner said. “The exposure, the network and the platform will be good for us. It’s also an opportunity for me to meet new people, to develop partnerships to grow the business and create more value and impact in my country and beyond.”
In his opening speech, Mr. Versmessen, Belgian Ambassador to Rwanda, highlighted:
“Women empowerment is a joint ambition of Rwanda and our Team Europe. This event is meant to inspire us. How can we contribute to further enable female entrepreneurship in the Rwandan cultural industries?”
Team Europe is a strong partner of the Rwandan authorities and society to promote women’s entrepreneurship. The development of women entrepreneurship is a global challenge, including in Rwanda. Indeed, globally, one in three businesses is owned by a woman. Encouraging and supporting women’s entrepreneurship is therefore tantamount to taking action to achieve several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), by fighting poverty (SDG 1), taking a step towards gender equality (SDG 5), promoting the creation of and access to decent jobs and participating in economic growth (SDG 8).
The Awa Prize will be awarded again between 5th and 15th September, 2023. Pre-registration is already possible on https://stories.enabel.be/awa-prize/
Thirty-five law enforcement officers from 10 African countries are part of the 11th PSCSC intake. The Police students are from Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Lesotho, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Rwanda.
The external study tour is held under the theme: “Socio-economic development, good governance and justice as pillars of sustainable peace and security.”
On the first day of the tour on Monday, the students visited Botswana Police Service, where they were given insights into various disciplines of security, peace, justice and governance.
Presentations focused on the impact of law enforcement agencies in socio-economic development and justice, and how intelligence contributes to the protection of individual rights, prevention of crime and how it sets ground for economic development and justice.
They were also explained on how financial intelligence contributes to stabilizing financial system, including fighting money laundering and terrorism financing, among others.
Botswana Police Service Deputy Commissioner for Operations, Solomon S. Mantswe, who received the law enforcement students, lauded the existing “good bilateral relations” between Botswana Police and Rwanda National Police (RNP).
The two police institutions signed a cooperation agreement in January this year, to formalized partnership in fighting transnational organized crimes including terrorism related activities, human trafficking, hi-tech and cybercrime as well as exchange of information related to criminal elements.
Other areas of partnership include capacity development through training, and sharing of expertise.
“Ensuring effective policing requires an agile, highly motivated and digitized police service capable and ready to invest more in human capital development, partnership, research, innovation and modern technology,” Mr. Mantswe reiterated.
He urged the PSCSC students to take advantage of the course, share experiences, and benchmark best practices in law enforcement for their personal and institutional development.
The NPC commandant, Commissioner of Police (CP) Rafiki Mujiji, who heads the delegation, thanked the Botswana Police Service for hosting this year’s external study tour.
He noted that study tours translate theoretical learning into reality and that visiting Botswana was a deliberate decision to benchmark from good practices.
The one year PSCSC has five main components; a Master’s in Peace Studies and Conflict Transformation, operational and routine staff work, strategic leadership and management, international computer driving license, and peace support operations.
Tea was the highest contributing export, with a total of 510.3 tons valued at US$1,308,800. The main destinations for Rwandan tea were Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, and Iran.
Horticultural exports amounted to 707.5 tons, generating US$930,989. The primary markets for Rwandan vegetables included the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), United Arab Emirates (UAE), the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands.
Besides, Rwanda exported 0.77 tons of coffee, earning US$6,166. The major importers of Rwandan coffee were Switzerland, Zambia, and Oman.
Founded last year by T4 Education and HP in collaboration with Microsoft, the Africa Education Medal is Africa’s most prestigious education accolade.
The Africa Education Medal was established to recognise the tireless work of those who are transforming education across the continent – to celebrate the stories of those who have lit the spark of change so others will be inspired to take up the torch. It is given to an outstanding individual who has demonstrated impact, leadership, and advocacy in the field of education.
Rogers Patrick Kamugisha is the Country Director of Educate! in Rwanda, the largest youth skills provider in East Africa. Educate! tackles youth unemployment by partnering with schools and governments to equip young people in Africa with the skills to attain further education, overcome gender inequities, start businesses, get jobs, and drive development in their communities.
Hailed as a visionary leader, Kamugisha is an educator and an economist with over 10 years’ experience working in the Rwandan education system. He joined Educate! in 2015 to support its launch in Rwanda and subsequently assisted the organisation’s expansion into Kenya and Tanzania. He now oversees a team of 50 working tirelessly to implement Educate!’s teacher training and support model in the 30 districts of Rwanda.
Under his leadership, Educate! partnered with the Rwandan government on the country’s national curriculum reform efforts, focused on curriculum design and project-based assessment.
The results of a randomised controlled trial of Educate!’s two-year teacher training and support model showed participating teachers were 19% more likely to use active instruction techniques, and six months after graduation students were twice as likely to enroll in university, with a 167% increase in university enrolment for girls.
Kamugisha’s unwavering commitment to sustainability and long-term behaviour change in education practices has resulted in the implementation of innovations in Rwanda such as student business clubs and a new software platform, the Comprehensive Assessment Management Information System (CAMIS).
CAMIS enables teachers to continuously monitor students’ progress, incorporating project-based assessments and moving away from traditional reliance solely on exams. The data is uploaded to a central database at the national level, allowing for a detailed overview of student outcomes.
As a former teacher and National Master Trainer on skills-based education, Kamugisha has a unique affinity for educators in the region and understands the challenges they face. He has personally trained over 500 teachers on competency-based curriculum best practices, helped governments to develop education materials, and his work has had a significant impact on the quality of education in East Africa.
Kamugisha is a passionate advocate for education reform and providing opportunities for skills-based learning, having lacked these opportunities as a student growing up in Uganda. He uses his platform to raise awareness about the importance of skills-based education, giving lectures to university students about the value of entrepreneurship and working alongside the UN Industrial Development Organisation to introduce the subject of entrepreneurship in Rwanda. He sees that a quality education must go beyond theory and encompass practical experience. It is his firmly held belief that if young people are given the right support and mentorship, the economy will benefit from the entrepreneurs and leaders of the future.
Meanwhile, Jean-Claude Nkulikiyimfura is Executive Director of Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village (ASYV) in Rwanda, an organisation that empowers orphaned and vulnerable youth to build lives of dignity and contribute to a better world.
Nkulikiyimfura was born a refugee in Burundi. His parents were both orphaned and fled Rwanda in 1961, but taught their children that they would one day return to Rwanda and restore justice and dignity for all. Nkulikiyimfura did exactly that after the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi and began working to fulfil this promise.
Nkulikiyimfura first visited the ASYV campus in 2010, where he met a student named Fabien, a genocide survivor and orphan who inspired him with his determination.
This experience led him to enter the non-profit sector and work for ASYV in hopes of helping students like Fabien build dignified and self-reliant lives. The students of ASYV remind Nkulikiyimfura of his own parents; they have grit, resilience, and hope for a better future.
Nkulikiyimfura leads ASYV in its mission to empower vulnerable Rwandan youth to heal, build lives of dignity, and contribute to a better world. ASYV has provided 1,200 youth ages 14–21, including 500 current students, with secondary school education, medical and mental health services, extracurricular activities, and a loving family environment.
These services were designed to meet the complex needs of genocide survivors, and under Nkulikiyimfura’s leadership have continued to enable hundreds of the nation’s most at-risk young people to complete secondary school and access tertiary education and employment.
Among ASYV’s current first-year students, 63% have lost one or both parents, 65% come from households living in poverty, and 5% are refugees. In recognition of girls’ heightened vulnerabilities to leaving school, 62% of students are girls and 38% are boys. The results of the programme have been phenomenal. Over 60% of graduates have attended higher education, compared with 7% of young people nationally, while 44%, nearly twice the national average for youth, are employed, self-employed or interning.
Nkulikiyimfura also works to strengthen education in Rwanda nationally through ASYV’s Educational Resilience Programme (ERP). A groundbreaking partnership between the public, private, and non-profit sectors, the ERP is training upper- and lower-secondary school teachers from across Rwanda in digital education technology and life skills education concepts like mental health, gender equity, and sexual and reproductive health. The ERP has already impacted over 60,000 students.
His vision for ASYV has guided the organisation in its work to achieve several strategic goals, including digitising all curricula, developing vocational training based on national economic need and opportunity, closing gender-based gaps in programming, and developing a new trauma-informed curriculum that will train staff members to provide students with the emotional support they need to thrive. This work is enhancing learning outcomes and helping students build supportive relationships with their peers and educators.
Commenting on the selection of finalists, Vikas Pota, Founder and CEO of T4 Education, said: “Africa’s teachers and school leaders, and its leaders of governments, NGOs and businesses, all play a crucial part in unlocking the continent’s potential through quality education. African education stands at a crossroads in the wake of the pandemic, but if leaders from across the continent in every field can work together then they can build the lasting change needed.”
{{Below are top 10 finalists for the Africa Education Medal}}
● Mary Ashun, Principal of Ghana International School, Ghana
● Laura Kakon, Chief Growth & Strategy Officer of Honoris United Universities, Morocco
● Rogers Kamugisha, Country Director of Educate!, Rwanda
● Grace Matlhape, CEO of SmartStart, South Africa
● Mary Metcalfe, former policymaker and CEO of Programme to Improve Learning Outcomes (PILO), South Africa
● Martha Muhwezi, Executive Director of FAWE, Uganda
● Jean-Claude Nkulikiyimfura, Executive Director of Agahozo-Shalom Youth Village, Rwanda
● Simi Nwogugu, CEO of JA Africa, Nigeria
● Sara Ruto, Former Chief Administrative Secretary of Kenya’s Ministry of Education and former CEO of PAL Network, Kenya
● Snehar Shah, CEO of Moringa School, Kenya
Nominations for the Africa Education Medal opened in February 2023 for individuals working to improve pre-kindergarten, K-12, vocational and university education who are either educators, school administrators, civil society leaders, public servants, government officials, political leaders, technologists, or innovators.
The winner of the Africa Education Medal will be announced in July. Finalists will be assessed by a Jury comprising prominent individuals based on rigorous criteria.
The Head of State made the advice as he interacted with students from Harvard Business School at Urugwitro Village on Monday 15th May 2023.
Reflecting on Rwanda’s remarkable transformation after the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, he attributed the country’s success to its refusal to remain mired in darkness.
“The country we inherited here was completely crushed. First impression, anybody would come and say, will these people ever find a way up? Even those of us, some of them would be wondering, shall we ever rise from this?”
The President said that this also happens in daily life but stressed the need to keep soldiering on to forge the way forward.
“The first lesson, no matter how down you are brought by any factors or forces, just don’t accept staying down, find a way up. Don’t despair,” he advised.
Kagame said that developing resilience is paramount for the pursuit of dignity.
“Second, how do you realize that? There are certain goods that must be available to you to realize that. That freedom to be able to go to school, to have health provision, to have food on the table, to do business, to think and become productive by yourself between you and somebody else and in the country,” he stated.
Kagame also highlighted that working with people has been the key enabler for Rwanda to achieve current transformations after the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
He is among leaders that often deliver talks to students from Harvard Business School where he shares Rwanda’s resilience journey after Genocide against the Tutsi, serving as a source of inspiration and motivation for others who seek to overcome challenges and create positive change.
