The Minister of State in the Ministry of ICT and Innovation, Yves Iradukunda, revealed this while presenting to the Senate how Rwanda is integrating AI into its development agenda. He said the government’s strategy focuses on embedding AI across priority sectors, including education, health, and agriculture, which directly impact citizens’ livelihoods.
“These are areas where AI can create measurable impact,” Minister Iradukunda noted. “For instance, if community health workers can use AI-based tools to assess a patient’s condition and receive guidance on first-line medication or whether referral to a hospital is necessary, it significantly strengthens service delivery.”
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Rwanda adopted a five-year National AI Policy in April 2023, becoming one of the few African nations with a formal AI framework. The policy outlines a pathway to accelerate AI adoption across key sectors, supported by an estimated investment of $76.5 million.
According to the Ministry, effective implementation of the policy could add $589 million annually to Rwanda’s GDP by improving productivity, efficiency, and innovation.
In agriculture, AI is expected to revolutionise farming methods, from smart irrigation and pest control to efficient fertiliser use and improved yields. The technology could help close persistent gaps such as the 40% productivity shortfall, 30% post-harvest losses, and the 33% child stunting rate linked to food insecurity.
The State Minister referenced India’s “Saagu Baagu” project, where over 7,000 farmers used AI to cultivate chillies, resulting in a 21% yield increase before scaling to more than 500,000 farmers.
Rwanda is pursuing a similar approach under the Artificial Intelligence for Agricultural Innovation programme, which leverages AI to analyse soil health, recommend interventions, and connect farmers to markets.
If fully adopted, AI is expected to boost agricultural productivity by 25%, reduce water and fertiliser use by 20%, and increase farmers’ incomes by 50%. The government is also developing satellite-based systems to determine suitable crops by region, initially focusing on maize, beans, rice, and potatoes, to inform planning and strengthen agricultural insurance.
“If farmers can access timely weather and soil information and adapt seed varieties accordingly, it will help achieve national productivity targets,” Iradukunda explained.
Rwanda aims to increase agricultural productivity by 50% by 2029, achieving 100% food self-sufficiency, up from 79.6% in 2024.
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AI integration in education is also expected to address systemic challenges, including the teacher-student ratio (1:65), limited technology adoption (36%), and a 30% repetition rate.
Drawing on lessons from India, Rwanda plans to deploy AI-based learning assessment tools that analyse reading accuracy, speed, and comprehension in real time. This allows teachers to provide individualised support efficiently.
Over 23,000 primary school teachers and six million learners have already benefited from similar programmes elsewhere. In Rwanda, pilot projects have reached 5,400 students and 107 teachers across 14 schools in seven districts, showing promising results.
Expected outcomes include a 30% improvement in learning outcomes, a 20% rise in teacher productivity, and a 25% reduction in study time.
Rwanda also plans to introduce an AI-powered WhatsApp tool to support secondary students in learning mathematics, along with teacher-assistance tools for lesson preparation, pedagogy improvement, and automated marking.
“This will enhance critical thinking and reduce rote memorisation,” said Iradukunda. “Students will engage more deeply with content, while teachers can focus on higher-order learning.”
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In the health sector, Rwanda’s partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, signed in April 2025, is accelerating AI adoption under the AI Scaling Hubs initiative. The collaboration, which also includes Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal, aims to build AI capacity, infrastructure, and research ecosystems.
Initially, Rwanda received $7.5 million, but this has now grown to $17.5 million (over Frw 25 billion) to fund seven flagship projects focused on education, health, and agriculture.
Among these is the AI-Enabled National Telemedicine Services project, which will expand access to remote healthcare, enable early diagnosis, and improve treatment outcomes.
Another initiative supports Rwanda Medical Supply Ltd (RMS) to use AI for managing medical inventories, forecasting demand, and optimising procurement. The system will help RMS, which spends around Frw 5 billion annually on medical equipment, access real-time market data and ensure the timely availability of essential drugs.
In maternal health, Rwanda is introducing AI-powered ultrasound imaging tools that enable nurses and community health workers to detect pregnancy complications early. Using AI, a worker can complete key examinations such as measuring foetal head and bone length in under 10 minutes, facilitating timely referrals and reducing maternal and neonatal mortality rates.
“The aim is to detect risks early and save lives without requiring specialised personnel,” Iradukunda noted.
In agriculture, AI-enabled advisory services will soon allow smallholder farmers to access essential guidance in Kinyarwanda, while new tools will help primary school teachers assess students in English and Mathematics.
Modelled after India’s AI-assisted education system, which delivers six million assessments to two million pupils annually and cuts assessment time from six minutes to 40 seconds per learner, Rwanda aims to achieve similar efficiency gains.
These initiatives complement Rwanda’s national plan to train one million children in coding, in partnership with Google, Huawei, Oracle, IBM, Udacity, and other technology leaders offering tailored courses.
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