The ceremony took place at the academy located in Mundoli, Arusha City in northern Tanzania.
The Spokesperson of Rwanda Defence Force (RDF), Brig Gen Ronald Rwivanga has confirmed to IGIHE that two Rwandans were among gradiuates from TMA.
Suluhu was presiding over similar ceremony for the third time after succeeding John Pombe Magufuli in March 2021.
Commissioned officers include 89 women and 651 men. Among those commissioned were 16 military officers from neighboring countries, including Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Eswatini.
Rwanda and Tanzania enjoy defence cooperation agreement signed in 2021.
Last year, the former Chief of Defence Forces of Tanzania People’s Defence Forces (TPDF), General Venance Mabeyo came to Rwanda for an official visit aimed at strengthening cooperation between TPDF and RDF from 23rd to 26th August.
At the time, the TPDF Chief of Defence Forces and his delegation paid respect to the victims of the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi at Kigali Genocide Memorial, visited the Campaign Against Genocide Museum and RDF Command and Staff College in Nyakinama.
Out of the 694 vehicles inspected in six days, only 322 were found to be roadworthy, according to Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP) Aloys Munana, the Commanding Officer (CO) for the Automobile Inspection Centre.
“This in-depth inspection found other 372 vehicles with varied mechanical issues, especially brake failure, wheel alignment and emitting gas emissions. Owners are required to fix the identified mechanical faults and bring them back for the second inspection to acquire a mechanical certificate, if they meet the required road standards,” ACP Munana said.
The vehicle roadworthy inspection tests shock absorber, brakes including handbrake, axle play detection, wheel alignment and vehicle geometry, steering system, headlights, and visual inspection of the vehicle’s body condition, among others.
It further tests fuel emissions to fight greenhouse gas emissions, which cause climate change.
ACP Munana said: “Such deep vehicle mechanical analysis is good to owners as it helps them to know the status of their vehicles, know what to fix and to prevent any likely accidents that can result from mechanical failures.”
More than 500 others vehicles were inspected in Rusizi District a fortnight ago, before the mobile inspection lane shifted to Rubavu.
The automobile mechanical status is mandated under the Presidential Decree No. 85/01 of September 2, 2002, which, partly, stipulates that owners of vehicles using public roads without a mechanical inspection certificate will be liable to a fine of Frw25, 000.
“The mobile inspection lane is rotating in districts that are far from the Automobile Inspection Centres.
Rwanda National Police (RNP) is taking these services closer to those that need them and to facilitate them from wasting time and resources trekking long distances to acquire the same services in Kigali, Musanze, Rwamagana and Huye,” the CO said.
Private vehicles are subjected to mechanical inspection every after one year while trucks and passenger service vehicles are inspected every after six months.
This will be done through a campaign themed: “Promoting the savings and investment culture through the Rwandan capital market within the Public Sector.”
The capital market and its expansion have been an important factor in giving a boost to the growth of the corporate sector since its inception in Rwanda.
With the growth of the capital market, some Rwandan companies are now enjoying the market. However, the relatively low participation of retail investors in the Rwandan economy continues to delay the development of the investor base.
“This public education and awareness campaign will target all Ministries and their affiliated agencies. Their staff will be educated on the importance and benefits associated with saving and investing through the capital market. They will be educated on various key concepts of saving and investment opportunities through the Rwandan capital market,” said Magnifique Migisha, the Coordinator for Public Education and Awareness Programmes at CMA.
“Public servants will also be educated on their rights and obligations as investors of the different capital market saving and investment products and services. The main objective of the campaign is to help public servants to use the capital market as an alternative avenue for saving and investment,” he added.
The National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), which is also the Seven Year Government Programme, puts emphasis on increasing domestic savings and positioning Rwanda as a hub for financial services to promote investments through financial sector development.
The private domestic savings rate is projected to increase from 12.1% in 2017 to 23.9% in 2024.
The introduction of innovative savings mobilization schemes is one of the enablers to help achieve the anticipated target.
So far, there are two collective investment schemes: RNIT Iterambere Fund and Aguka Unit Trust Fund. Iterambere Fund, a trust fund by the Rwanda National Investment Trust Ltd (RNIT Ltd) is one of the opportunities in the Rwandan Capital Market for people to use as an alternative avenue for saving and investment.
The Aguka Unit Trust Fund, or the Fund, is an open-ended, tax-exempt unit trust fund registered under the laws of Rwanda and licensed by the Capital Market Authority. Aguka Unit Trust Fund pools money from investors and invests the Fund’s money into a diversified portfolio of money market instruments, cash deposits, and debt instruments.
Financial education is one of the recognized tools to help support and guide individuals’ decision-making to balance their budget, make ends meet, identify risk factors and plan for their long-term future appropriately.
As a demand-side solution, it can complement supply-side approaches including improved regulation and consumer protection which ensure that investors are protected, well-informed, and treated fairly. It may also be used as a means of encouraging formal savings for those excluded from financial services.
The new awareness programme started on November 16.
The event which was hosted at the Kigali Marriott Hotel was attended by Minister of Local Government, Jean Claude Musabyimana, Lord Mayor of the city of Kigali, Pudence Rubingisa, Governors and Mayors from their respective provinces and districts as well as several other local government officials.
The criteria for the service delivery awards included the processing rate of citizen applications through the IremboGov platform, the average processing time, and the number of self-applications performed by citizens in a district based on the monthly reports generated from Irembo.
According to Irembo CEO, Israel Bimpe, there are over 29 public services administered by the local government through the IremboGov platform which are crucial for almost every citizen at some point in their lives. “The service delivery awards are meant to enable us to reflect on how public e-services are being delivered and what we can emulate from those that are excelling in supporting the citizens to efficiently access these services” he said.
The City of Kigali emerged as the best performing province with Kicukiro as the leading district, followed by the Southern Province, where Huye district was the second best district in service delivery on the IremboGov platform and Nyarugenge district the 3rd best in the district category.
The sectors awarded were Ruhunde sector in Burera district, Kabaya sector in Ngororero district, Fumbwe sector in Rwamagana District, Simbi sector in Huye District and Niboye sector in Kicukiro district, where different local government officers such as District IT officers, CRO, DEA, and Executive Secretaries, who were at the forefront in delivering the services, were recognized for their outstanding performances during the event.
Speaking on behalf of the award recipients, Civil Registration Officer (CRO) from Fumbwe Sector in Rwamagana District, Ntirushwa Antoine, thanked Irembo for making service delivery easy. “Citizens have been relieved of the burden to travel from one sector to another to get certain services such as birth certificates or marriage certificates. Irembo has supported us to embark on the dream to achieve the mission of ‘zero trip, zero paper’ in delivering services to citizens” he said.
The Minister of Local Government, Musabyimana Jean Claude congratulated the respective receipts of the IremboGov service delivery awards and urged the district authorities to leverage the use of innovations in digital technologies to be more efficient in serving citizens.
“According to the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), we have a mandate as a government to exceed 90% in delivering good services to the citizens and to be able to digitize all government services by 2024. To achieve this, we shall need everyone’s efforts.” said Minister Musabyimana.
In his closing remarks the Minister commended Irembo for being a key stakeholder in digitizing government services and encouraged the participants to utilize the provision of IremboGov platform to deliver quick and efficient services to the citizens.
In the agriculture sector, an agreement was signed with the National Industrial Research and Development Agency (NIRDA) leading to the launch a pilot project to produce varieties of seeds for oil crops and the use of drones for soil analysis and crop monitoring.
The project, which represents the first ‘open-air laboratory’ on the African continent, will use the most advanced precision farming techniques to produce quality seeds in Rwanda.
This is in line with the Agri-feedstock initiatives launched by Eni in other countries in the region, to cultivate sustainable raw materials on degraded and abandoned land, not in competition with the food chain.
The agreement with the Rwanda Development Board and the non-profit tech start-up Rainforest Connection, aims to protect forests and generate carbon credits.
The parties will test cutting-edge technologies in areas with high levels of biodiversity, autonomous drones and acoustic sensors will be used in the experimentation.
By using artificial intelligence algorithms, it will enable the detection of potential threats and respond to alarms with immediate targeted interventions.
A cooperation agreement was also signed with the Ministry of ICT and Innovation and will play a cross-cutting role in supporting initiatives in areas of common interest: from precision agriculture to forest monitoring and health. The parties will collaborate to disseminate these technologies and create synergies with the country’s start-ups.
In the health sector, Eni Foundation, together with the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN), signed a three-year agreement to strengthen basic maternal and child health services, with a focus on the management of obstetric emergencies, in four districts of the country: Gisagara, Musanze, Nyagatare and Rulindo, with a target population of about 1.5 million people.
The intended beneficiaries are mothers and children, vulnerable groups and health personnel. The initiative includes the construction of health infrastructure (maternity wards) and a capacity-building and training programme for communities and health personnel.
Speaking at the signing, Luigi Ciarrocchi, CCUS, Forestry and Agri-Feedstock Director, said: “Just 7 months after the memorandum of understanding with the Rwandan institutions, we are launching the activities in the sectors of common interest. We will work jointly to develop concrete projects for the country’s decarbonisation, leveraging on a business environment that is ideal to text innovative solutions and agribusiness activities generating high-added value”.
The Minister of Health, Dr Daniel Ngamije, said: “We welcome the partnership with ENI to contribute to primary and secondary health care with impactful interventions. We look forward to working together on implementation with beneficiary districts. This is undoubtedly the start of a long partnership which we hope to extend to other areas in the future.”
Commenting on the development, RDB CEO, Clare Akamanzi said that the signing of the cooperation agreements in various sectors is a testimony of what can be achieved when the public and private sectors collaborate to achieve sustainable goals.
“The agreements align with Rwanda’s target to be a hub for innovation, and we are glad that ENI is committed to being a partner in this journey,” she noted.
The signing of the agreements kicks off Eni’s activities in Rwanda, in continuity with the memorandum of understanding signed with the Rwanda Development Board on 8 April 2022, capitalising on the country’s know-how in the technology and agriculture sector, which employs more than 60% of the workforce and contributes 25% of GDP.
Indeed, Rwanda has, in recent years, become a regional and international hub of innovation with an increasing focus on energy transition.
{{About Eni}}
Eni is an integrated energy company with over 30,000 employees in 68 countries around the world. Its activities range from the development of new energy solutions to the more traditional exploration and production of hydrocarbons, the refining and marketing of oil products and biofuels; from the generation and commercialization of electricity to the production of renewable energy; from the development of chemical and bio-based products to environmental activities.
Commonwealth Law Ministers endorsed the programmes proposed by the Commonwealth Secretariat in the Commonwealth Plan of Action on Equal Access to Justice.
The Plan of Action that Commonwealth Heads of Government endorsed in Kigali in June 2022 includes the development of an access to justice toolkit and a small claims court app, the Commonwealth legal knowledge exchange portal, the implementation of people-centred justice projects, the development of the 100-day toolkit for Justice Ministers, an integrated family court project and model contracts in investment, energy and extractives.
Speaking about the work of the Secretariat, the Commonwealth Secretary-General Patricia Scotland said: “The resources developed by the Secretariat and its partners are useful weapons in every law minister’s arsenal, shortening the journey towards the development of solutions for legal problems.
I encourage every justice minister to take advantage of the toolkits and resources which were shared during this meeting. If we approach our task with the energy, unity and purpose which is the hallmark of the Commonwealth at its best, then we will succeed.”
Law Ministers recognised the urgent need to deliver justice to as many people as possible in a sustainable manner, requiring a shift to more evidence-based, data-driven justice solutions.
{{Some resources provided to Law Ministers during the meeting include:}}
[Environmental, Social and Economic Development provisions in Investment contracts->http://tracking.commonwealth.int/tracking/click?d=yWGyKtDfKQlQf7KH7nV8M8HXAje12BahNcaFLLOf937Ns6ZP3fx7e8mp2h6dPVI9Hl7Ou0FG8q7SE_mwsxoIqdcWCKOfviNnlQhcthgefgN5MEK0izgqAdgtlGhBilOT4UkV09Aj8Th-mf-BTkqHNcNawgtITsV_asRFGnT4PCrNqI_fMrtoCwDxWjHho8VWAN1y0bgqVlN7QNFpbuXAkcIjxo1U4LG-KA3e-pDEzvW64iqrnVBZ_5qLX1SvI9H4WPvg81Xi6rB7LfF_iTKhsGPb9O-vWid6X_0ECyz16AroPkqOl5H0s1nKoXX9fZoG-OdusxWZjxkG5I_EjzoDTQk3AR4iDe5Kl1Tzqb6obdul7syBg2cvBPnOrVmYIoQdDImw-UKwLBWbMHamKBvppfXIAS1_bi2VG2ugbsJBxBqOEgQ_7Exxqzivui-numNI43mSpQ-uAA_4VWlC6bmlldA1] – a resource for government lawyers in the Commonwealth, to protect the environment and take into consideration social and economic matters when consulting investment contracts with multinationals.
[The Law and Climate Change toolkit ->http://tracking.commonwealth.int/tracking/click?d=h5PyJFMWAUnwgBSfTO9K3gHk37ru0BPkBn1CyToB2zUGErk16TeF9R1tfWgJvF3gxnOo8RqI9H4ZFb2XUTEVEcaUGbOUvzWCjonJHqPSHdzcAc93OhGr6zcTI_eri1GKptBIa_QvVuInHXw4zjsPSKhG9nzKDhRN4Citlj2sTwRekF5XywjctUZulZ4W3yYWFD1_u8OKtvG3H5cde3Ma1vysZnKWpZCcXpspNeP1kvyao3iO3D8IFyDT95ytwhRlK16l_QE4aCuhJ41JjoY_qd70AdZ0GhTGnQWccZcRfJqSrXpuElCHz_kTYrcHqGlYhyJVfVYENK0lR_8LJHXaslYoPINdEXhkxnK0iHXvUv07cvbAUXhSKuYQclpjq5BSGA2]- a large repository of legislation on the climate and the environment from across the Commonwealth.
[The Commonwealth’s Anticorruption Benchmarks->http://tracking.commonwealth.int/tracking/click?d=U2KurkAyMtGTxrK8EZTF0sazJytUi3TOkCKTLt47R4fV2IueW7rt-MF0wP-r2hEd33v-tFvI-TrBYEb2D_n5IYBqOpWBTSDPLLFvgD0uILJg9E1gT151bhdvY2feuC6SbVRYJRFRWoCTFoYONPaLrAvUJdJM-SgNJ7GgOZ4oScoHQw6uFPAL_I8ntwv4GTvVNlcPtmm12L_hHwO3Ji5dCVEj73Ubjw_8trfuD3N4M1RAA_ZWfOrUpYO1ao2Y_XbkyaiOn38ZcTCU1eIyAKv2sfMd9RUeraxLY7LKBJKUiTs60YndZijKJBQtv_64fh34_0fH06cRw2Hge9krZLvCN4kUpFek2SzUr9w0s4xAjFo0q7lhPvP8C6f6dOBuTYo1B2HvusmxGM_4TdW3WlILOUTi1mh6B3ESkxl_BuNkKGIX0] – This publication provides 25 benchmarks on good anti-corruption practices for national governments and public sector bodies.
[Commonwealth Elections Cybersecurity Best Practice Guide->https://www.thecommonwealth.io/digital-commonwealth/commonwealth-elections-cybersecurity-best-practice-guide/] – This product has been developed to help election management bodies identify and manage cybersecurity risks.
Commenting on the development, Senator Renuka Sagramsingh-Sooklal, Minister in the Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs, Trinidad and Tobago said: “This meeting is very important to Trinidad and Tobago because a meeting such as this is a platform that allows us the opportunity to lap up a vast amount of information and resources provided to a Small State and Member States by the Commonwealth Secretariat on key critical areas of law. Trinidad and Tobago have benefited from the toolkits that have been provided, the vast amount of resources and research data and guidance that are critical to the development of the country.”
Another key development during this week’s meeting was the unanimous agreement of Law Ministers to recommend the ‘Commonwealth Principles on Freedom of Expression and the Role of the Media in Good Governance’ to Commonwealth Leaders to consider at the next Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM).
To learn more about Law Ministers’ decisions at the 2022 Commonwealth Law Ministers meeting, [{{Read the Outcome Statement}}->https://production-new-commonwealth-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2022-11/FINAL%20CLMM%20OUTCOME%20STATEMENT%202022.pdf?VersionId=mZzBzw4oeSi9hJYRh8Nnmh1ISyQzzvI7]
The recommendations adopted by Law Ministers at this meeting will inform justice work in their respective countries across the Commonwealth.
M23 released the statement on Friday 25th November 2022 before 18h:00, a deadline for ceasefire that had be set previously during a mini-summit held in Luanda, the capital of Angola on security situation in eastern DRC.
The meeting which took place on Wednesday this week was attended by Angolan President, Lourenço; the President of Burundi, Evariste Ndayishimiye, Felix Antoine Tshisekedi of DR Congo.
It was also attended by Rwandan Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Vincent Biruta and Uhuru Kenyatta.
The first resolution of the meeting was a call for M23 to ceasefire, halt attacks against Congolese Army (FARDC) and the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in DRC (MONUSCO) effective from 25th November 2022 at 18h:00.
It was also decided that the rebel group has to withdraw from captured areas and return to previous positions in Sabyinyo Volcano.
Before the deadline, the President of M23, Bertrand Bisimwa released a statement agreeing on ceasefire.
He explained that the group is willing to cease fire as was the case on 1st April 2022 without involvement of DR Congo.
Later on 10th April 2022 in Entebbe, Uganda, the statement adds, both parties agreed on the cessation of hostilities but was never respected by DRC Government coalition of FARDC, FDLR, Nyatura, ACPLS, CODECO and Mai Mai.
“Yet again, the M23 accepted the ceasefire as recommended by the Heads of State, however, request DRC Government to respect the ceasefire. Otherwise, the M23 reserves the full right to defend itself and to protect the civilian populations against any violations of the agreed ceasefire,” reads the statement.
M23 has also requested ‘a meeting with the mediator and the facilitator in order to discuss the matter of its concerns in a way to restore a lasting peace in our country’.
During past meetings in Luanda, M23 was not represented where resolutions were only supported by DR Congo.
The recent resolutions triggered mixed reactions as to how the Congolese Government would be assured of their implementation yet M23 was not represented in the meeting.
Besides, M23 resumed fighting after DRC failed to implement peace accords signed in Nairobi in 2013.
Speaking to France24 on Thursday, the Congolese Minister of Communication and Government Spokesperson, Patrick Muyaya said: “You know that M23 is represented by Rwanda from the onset of attacks. Let’s talk about things as they are. We are optimistic that the resolutions taken this time around with their timeframes will be implemented to restore peace on the entire national territory.”
In response to that, the Deputy Spokesperson of the Government of Rwanda, Alain Mukuralinda told France24 that it would be far from the reality if DRC and its spokesperson believe that Rwanda was representing M23.
Mukuralinda further stated that the resolutions of Luanda make up a continual failure of Congo in restoring peace in eastern part of the country.
“Resolutions reached in Nairobi, Luanda and Burundi are the same. This resolution has demonstrated a great failure and total incapacity of Congolese Government in restoring security in eastern part of the country, and lack of political will to implement the aforementioned resolutions,” he said.
“Rwanda is neither a representative nor a spokesperson of M23. This kind of additions has always seen the implementation of resolutions failing because they are mixing up things,” added Mukuralinda.
DR Congo boycotted negotiations with M23 calling it a terrorist group but later changed its stand and agreed that it would engage in talks if the rebel group withdraws from captured areas.
This has been hampering the peace process to restore calm in the area. M23 has been also denouncing Genocide under preparation in DRC on collaboration between DRC and its allies highlighting that it won’t stand idly and watch killings committed against Congolese.
The rebel group maintains that it is willing to participate in all negotiations to restore peace in eastern DRC.
Despite the agreement to cease hostilities, M23 recently announced that it cannot withdraw from held positions.
In a joint press conference by Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA), Rwanda National Police (RNP), Private Sector Federation (PSF) and Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition and Consumer Protection (RICA); held on Friday November 25, officials warned of serious repercussions for tax evasion.
RNP spokesperson, Commissioner of Police (CP) John Bosco Kabera said that over the past two weeks, the Revenue Protection Unit (RPU) arrested 86 traders in City of Kigali for tax fraud.
Some 20 vehicles and five motorcycles used in fraud were also impounded during the same period, he added.
The traders were fined more than Rwf35 million, according to RRA.
Hajara Batamuriza, the Commissioner for Domestic Taxes at RRA, said that although the introduction of EBM to issue electronic tax receipts has modernized the sales and increased revenues, there are some traders, who are still engaged in tax fraud through manipulation of EBM.
“There is still a practice of traders, who undervalue their goods with intention to evade taxes. When customers buy goods, they are given electronic receipts with less the value of the commodity; others do not issue invoices; falsification receipts and accounting statements but also buyers, who do not exercise their rights to demand for receipts to ensure that the taxes they pay when buying goods are delivered,” Batamuriza said.
Also raised is an issue of traders, who demand more money from customers than the actual value of the product, if they want invoice.
“Taxes are paid by customers and traders are just custodians, who are supposed to ensure that these taxes are delivered to the government,” she noted.
CP Kabera, on his part, warned of increased operations against tax fraud.
“Use of electronic invoicing system is an obligation and failure or non-compliance is punishable by law,” said CP Kabera.
Article 81 of Law N° 026/2019 of 18/09/2019 regulating tax procedures states: “Except for taxpayers registered for the value added tax, any person, who is required to issue an invoice generated by an electronic invoicing system recognized by the Tax administration but fails to do so is liable to an administrative fine of two (2) times the value of the transaction.
Any value addition tax unregistered person, who carries out a taxable transaction and delivers an electronic invoice with under-valued price or quantity of goods or services is liable to an administrative fine of two (2) times the value of the under-valued transaction.
In aticle 85, a person registered for the VAT, who sells goods or services without issuing an electronic invoice is liable to an administrative fine of ten (10) times the value of the evaded Value Added Tax.
In case of the fault is repeated, the defaulter is liable to an administrative fine of twenty (20) times the value of the evaded Value Added Tax.
In article 86, a person, who fails to comply with obligations of the user of the electronic invoicing system is liable to an administrative fine of Rwf200,000 and up to Rwf400000 if the fault repeated.
A person registered to the Value Added Tax, who carries out a taxable transaction and delivers an electronic invoice with under-valued price or quantity of goods or services is liable to an administrative fine of ten (10) times the value of the evaded value added tax.
In her speech, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General, Mrs Valentine Rugwabiza who presided over the medal parade awarding ceremony, commended the Rwandan peacekeepers for creating a climate of security and trust with the Central African Republic population.
‘‘I wish to express our most sincere appreciation to all of you for your selfless service and dedication to duty, that has earned you the medals; this is illustrative of your character and performance in the execution of your mission,’’ she said.
The RWABATT10 Contingent Commander, Col Emery Kayumba said that “the medal decoration is one of the greatest privileges in our military career and is regarded as an extraordinary motivation in the conduct and accomplishment of our duties as required by the MINUSCA mandate”.
The ceremony was attended by CAR Government officials, the head of Rwanda diplomatic mission in Central African Republic, Olivier Kayumba, representatives of MINUSCA and Rwandan community in Central African Republic among others.
The 37th General Assembly was chaired by the Minister of Defence, Maj Gen Albert Murasira and attended by the Chief of Defence Staff, Gen Jean Bosco Kazura; as well as service chiefs and heads of security organs; and selected list of members.
According to the approved Business Plan for the year 2023, ZCSS targets to increase its Gross Income to 85 billion from 69 billion and its Net Profit to 25.9 billion from 20 billion.
Zigama CSS Chairman of the Board of Directors, Dr. James Ndahiro said that ZCSS is currently concluding 5 years strategic plan whereby they registered a number of achievements including providing shelter to a big number of members as well as providing services using digital platforms. The general assembly was also an opportunity to receive suggestions from members for the next 5 years strategic plan, he said.
“In the last 5 years we managed to provide products and services for our members, and those services have been largely provided using digital platforms. I think that is a remarkable achievement given that our membership now is able to utilise digital services and we package our products now digitally to all levels of our membership. As we continue into the future, most of our products and services will be digital and we are calling our members to keep in line,” he said.
ZIGAMA CSS is a financial cooperative with membership drawn mainly from Security Organs namely Rwanda Defence Force, Rwanda National police, Rwanda Correctional Services, National Intelligence and Security Service and Rwanda Investigation Bureau.
