Category: Environment

  • Trash pickup resumes in Lebanon in bid to end crisis

    {Dozens of lorries begin carrying garbage swamping Beirut to landfills as temporary solution to eight-month crisis.}

    The Lebanese government has launched a bid to dispose of the mountains of trash swamping the suburbs of the capital Beirut, in what residents hoped would lead to an end of the country’s eight-month garbage crisis.

    On Saturday, dozens of lorries started carrying rubbish to the Naameh landfill just south of the city – one off three landfills opened as part of a temporary solution announced by the government a week ago.

    The government said that Naameh, the country’s main landfill, will open again for just two months. The crisis began in July, when the landfill was scheduled to close with no realistic alternatives.

    Naameh area residents said the dump was over capacity and began blocking the roads to prevent garbage trucks from reaching it.

    Despite anger by residents, there were no protests against the reopening of the landfill on Saturday.

    In the north Beirut suburb of Jdaideh, home to one of the largest trash piles, a bulldozer loaded thousands of trash bags into trucks.

    Fadwa Saad had to put a mask to avoid the smell of the trash that could be seen from her balcony.

    “We are coughing, we have allergies and there are mosquitoes and flies in our homes,” she said. “They say they are removing trash. We hope that they really remove it, not only do it for one day and leave the rest.”

    As garbage began piling up in Beirut last year, protesters formed the “You Stink” movement, demanding sweeping reform in Lebanon’s government – blamed for the mismanagement and neglect that led to the trash buildup and failure to act against it.

    Since the peaks of the protest in the summer, authorities managed to blunt the public anger by ensuring that the streets of Beirut were kept relatively garbage-free. However, the trash was instead pushed to the city’s periphery, where it piled up along roadsides and the banks of the Beirut River.

    Rivers of trash have polluted Lebanon's capital Beirut
  • Rhino poaching: Another year, another grim record

    {The mass slaughter of rhinos has increased for the sixth year in a row, according to grim new figures from international researchers.}

    At least 1,338 of the iconic animals were killed for their horns in Africa last year.
    This is the greatest loss in a single year since an intense wave of poaching began recently.

    Since 2008, as many as 5,940 rhinos have been killed although scientists fear that could be an underestimate.

    The findings were compiled by researchers from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

    The losses come despite a drive to fight poaching gangs by strengthening patrols, harnessing satellite technology and boosting intelligence-gathering.

    The IUCN blames continuing demand from South East Asia – where rhino horn is wrongly believed to have medicinal properties – fed by increasingly sophisticated international crime networks.

    {{‘Nowhere is safe’}}

    Officials say that amid the killings there are some helpful developments.

    Overall, the rate of increase in poaching has fallen slightly and in South Africa, home to the greatest number of rhinos, the numbers killed in a single year fell slightly for the first time since 2008.

    Dr Richard Emslie, of the IUCN’s African Rhino Specialist Group, told the BBC:
    “Any increase in poaching is alarming but there are some positives. When poaching started to escalate in 2008, we saw year after year of exponentially increasingly poaching.

    “But over the last couple of years we’ve seen a decline in the rate of increase.”
    Dr Emslie described this as “an encouraging trend” and he highlighted how South Africa has managed to reduce the number of rhinos slaughtered from 1,215 in 2014 to 1,175 last year.

    But success in one area can lead to further poaching elsewhere and while South Africa can point to a slightly improved picture, other countries have seen sharp increases in losses.

    According to the new data, the number of rhinos killed in Namibia has quadrupled in just the last two years while losses in Zimbabwe doubled over the same period.
    No rhinos in the wild.

    Dr Emslie described the fight against poaching as like squeezing a balloon.
    “If you clamp down on poaching on the one side of the Kruger National Park beside the Mozambique border, then suddenly the balloon pops out a bit the other side and you can get more poaching.

    “There’s a trend of poaching from different park to different park and also from one country to another so no individual country is safe and all need to be on their guard given the huge threat.”

    Commenting on the latest figures, Craig Bruce, a rhino specialist at the Zoological Society of London, said: “I think it’s a dire situation and despite reports of a decrease in the Kruger National Park, I don’t think it’s a cause for celebration.

    “If we continue with the current rate of losses, then I would estimate that within five to 10 years, all we will have is rhinos in very strictly controlled captivity scenarios and we will basically have lost the species in the wild.”

    After a previous collapse in rhino numbers during the 1960s, a concerted effort which was backed by determined governments and generous funding saw populations restored.

    {{Unprecedented aggression}}

    But this crisis is seen as more serious and therefore harder to tackle because of the sheer aggression and growing sophistication of the poaching gangs, fuelled by the high price for rhino horn on the black market.

    Mr Bruce told me that every new technological advance designed to help the conservation effort – including drones, radios and intelligence-gathering – is matched by the poachers.

    {{The illegal rhino trade}}

    Wildlife crime is the fourth largest global illegal trade, according to WWF, after drugs, counterfeiting, and human trafficking

    Rhino horn is one of the world’s most expensive commodities, fetching about $60,000 (£40,500) per kilo – it is worth more by weight than gold or diamonds

    Poaching is by no means restricted to South Africa, home to the world’s largest population of rhinos – it is also a threat to smaller rhino populations elsewhere eg in Asia

    {{Four proposals to save the rhino}}

    “What’s frightening is that the same technology that we are able to use, they are also able to use. Shockingly, as much as we’re using them to combat the poachers, they’re using them to facilitate their poaching.

    “They understand intelligence as well as we do. They understand how to threaten people to get information, how to threaten people to keep them quiet so the whole criminal element has just advanced in a way that’s unprecedented.”

    The latest data will reignite long-running debates over the best way to stem the losses.

    Ideas range from cutting off the rhinos’ horns in order to deny poachers and to flood the market with cheap horn to fitting monitoring devices or even cameras to the animals to help provide warning of attacks.

    With the global total of rhinos now only in the region of 25,000, there will be renewed attention in the approach to a major international meeting of the CITES convention, set up to combat the illegal trade in endangered species, in Johannesburg in September.

    And the South African government has just announced the logo for the event: an image of a rhino.

  • Heavy rains forecasted

    {Rwanda Meteorology Agency (RMA) has forecast above normal precipitation in Northern and Western provinces expected to ravages villages. The heavy rain is expected from March to May 2016 according to RMA.}

    A statement from RMA indicates that some districts from Eastern Province and Kigali city and Southern Province will experience normal rainfall from March to May.

    These include, Ngoma, Gatsibo, Bugesera, Kirehe, Rwamagana, Kayonza and Nyagatare in Eastern province. Nyarugenge, Kicukiro and Gasabo in Kigali city while Southern province’s districts that will experience normal rains include Kamonyi,Muhanga,Ruhango,Huye,Gisagara,Nyanza,Nyamagabe and Nyaruguru.

    Meteo Rwanda says that predictions of heavy rain were obtained based on analysis of measurements of warmth and rains undertaken by climatologists from the Horn of Africa in collaboration with research centers in weather forecasts around the World.

    Rwanda Meteorology Agency has also reminded the public that El Nino conditions shall continue, expected to end in May or June 2016. RMA has further appealed to members of the public to guard against all forms risks that come with heavy rains.

    A woman carried to cross flooded Nyabugogo last years back, net photo
  • Endangered species face social media threat in Asia

    {Wildlife monitor says online sites help illegal traders of animals, including rhinos and orangutans, evade authorities.}

    Social media outlets including Facebook and Instagram are increasingly being used in Asia as platforms for the illegal trade in a range of threatened species such as orangutan and sun bears, a wildlife monitor has said.

    UK-based wildlife monitor Traffic said in a report, released to coincide with World Wildlife Day on Thursday, that the trend poses a new major threat to wildlife in a region where products derived from exotic or endangered animals are widely sought for traditional medicines or prized as pets.

    “Traders are clearly moving to non-conventional methods of sale such as utilising online portals and social media in order to evade detection, reach a broader audience, and increase transaction efficiency and convenience,” Traffic’s report said.

    Growing numbers of traders are using closed groups on Facebook and password-protected online forums to reach Asian customers, it said.

    The wildlife monitor said that in one month in China last year, thousands of ivory products, 77 whole rhino horns, and large numbers of endangered birds were found advertised for sale on sites such as QQ and WeChat, which are popular in China.

    Traffic’s report focused heavily on Malaysia. Over a period of five months last year, on a daily basis it monitored 14 Facebook wildlife-trading groups catering to customers in Malaysia, counting tens of thousands of active members.

    During the observation period, scores of traders put up more than 200 individual posts offering to sell live wild animals, ranging from rare birds to orangutans and sun bears, it said.

    Kanitha Krishnasamy, a senior programme manager for Traffic in Southeast Asia who co-authored the report, told Al Jazeera that since the assessment period ended in April, many more Facebook groups have been created.

    Often, ads with photos were uploaded to sites such as Facebook or Instagram, while bargaining for the animals took place over other platforms like WhatsApp in Malaysia and Blackberry Messenger in Indonesia.

    “Trading appears to be very relaxed and traders will happily provide their contact details and will sometimes offer to deliver the animal to the buyer’s home address,” said the report.

    Facebook groups can quickly change their names or shut down and pop up in another guise, highlighting the challenges facing law enforcement.

    Traffic said it was working with enforcement agencies in many countries on the issue and also was in contact with Facebook.

    It called for “closer collaboration between law enforcement agencies and Facebook”.

    But Traffic’s report quoted a Facebook spokesperson saying the social media giant does not allow trade in endangered animals through its platforms and was “committed to working with Traffic to help tackle” the problem.

    A spokesman for Malaysia’s Department of Wildlife and National Parks said it was aware of the issue and had taken measures that had resulted in arrests.

    Krishnasamy said that since 2013, Malaysian authorities have arrested at least 54 wildlife traders, made more than 43 seizures, and rescued more than 60 different species.

    She also said that the “global scale” of the illegal trade has made it much more difficult for law enforcement agencies to crack down.

    Online offerings range from rare birds to orangutans and sun bears
  • Drought may hit Rwanda

    {As the rainy season comes to an end, meteorological experts have predicted that another season, La Niña, characterized by drought will follow, likely to affect millions of lives across the world.}

    El Niño has caused worldwide devastations in large parts of East Africa and extended to other parts of the World as heavy rains caused floods and ravaged infrastructures.
    However, some parts of the World experienced droughts leading to deaths of people and animals, affecting more than 20.4 million from the Horn of Africa with food shortage.

    Experts in meteorology predict that El Niño is likely to be followed by excess drought (La Niña), with some of its characteristics, according to the Ministry of Refugees and Disaster Management (MIDIMAR), already experienced in Kayonza district of Eastern Province.

    “I can’t immediately confirm that La Niña has hit Kayonza district, but has experienced rain shortage. This is already affecting the crop performance regime and will affect yields in the immediate future,” said Jean Baptiste Nsengiyumva, Director of Risk Reduction and Preparedness Unit.

    He said that stakeholders will soon meet to assess the steps to be taken in addressing the climate change challenges.

    Jean Baptiste Nsengiyumva, Director of Risk Reduction and Preparedness Unit in MIDIMAR .
  • Over Rwf 128 billion budgeted to address El Niño effects in Horn of Africa region

    {A conference of Horn of Africa countries most vulnerable to climate change opened in Kigali yesterday to discuss disaster risk mitigation strategies and contingency plans on the critical climate sensitive sectors of the regional countries-Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Burundi, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda.}

    A budget of about Rwf 130 billion has been put in place to support climate change resilience and mitigation efforts which was unveiled yesterday in a two days meeting.
    Heavy rains were predicted in August 2015 to cause disasters in Rwanda and the region in general.

    The Ministry of Refugees Affairs and Disaster Management (MIDIMAR) said that El Niño related deaths and destroyed properties resulted in the increase of budget reserved for disasters.

    The issues discussed during the meet include agriculture, construction, energy supply system, food security, livestock, water resources, health, disaster risk management and others.

    “Disasters increased in 2015. A total of 26 people died in the last three months of 2015, many houses and crops were ravaged. Disasters have increased in general,” said Jean Baptiste Nsengiyumva, Director of Risk Reduction and Preparedness Unit.

    El Niño effects were mostly realized in agriculture and animal husbandry, health and education in Rwanda where 26 people died, 37 were wounded, 656 houses were destyroyed,60 domestic animals killed and 1381 hectares of crops ravaged.

    While Rwanda experienced some drought, over 20.4 million people from the Horn of Africa starved from August 2015 to February 2016.

    Diseases like Cholera and malaria also increased.

    Zachary Atheru, the representative of ICPAC (IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre) said that Ethiopia and Sudan were mostly affected by El Niño effects while countries near the Equator did not experience heavy rains.

    The director of Rwanda Meteorological Agency, John Ntaganda Semafara said that El Niño effects in Rwanda are not as severe as the expected consequences of climate change. He added that various measures have been taken to mitigate such climate change effects.

    Experts in disaster prevention say that one US dollar invested in proactive measures of countering disasters saves three US Dollars that would be spent to recover or mend destroyed properties.

    Rwanda plans to spend over USD 36 million on climate change resilience, Sudan USD102 m, Burundi USD14m, Uganda USD 9m, Kenya 10m and Sudan prepared USD119,150.

    El Niño will be followed by a period of excess hot Sun called La Niña.

    Delegates from the Horn of Africa Region pose for a group photos after attending the conference discussing on  disaster risk mitigation strategies and contingency plans on the critical climate sensitive sectors of the regional countries
  • Global sea levels rising faster due to global warming

    {Man-made climate change responsible for fastest rise in sea levels in the past 2,800 years.}

    Sea levels are rising several times faster than they have in the past 2,800 years and are accelerating because of man-made global warming, according to new studies.

    An international team of scientists dug into two dozen locations across the globe to chart gently rising and falling seas over centuries and millennia. Until the 1880s and the world’s industrialisation, the fastest seas rose was about 3 to 4cm a century, plus or minus a bit.

    During that time the global sea level really did not get much higher or lower than 7.62cm above or below the 2,000-year average. But in the 20th century the world’s seas rose 14cm.

    Since 1993 the rate has soared to 30cm and two different studies, published on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, said that by 2100 that the world’s oceans would rise between 28 and 131cm, depending on how much heat-trapping gas Earth’s industries and vehicles expel.

    “There’s no question that the 20th century is the fastest,” said Rutgers earth and planetary sciences professor Bob Kopp, lead author of the study that looked back at sea levels over the past three millennia.

    “It’s because of the temperature increase in the 20th century which has been driven by fossil fuel use.”

    If seas continue to rise as projected another 45cm of sea level rise is going to cause lots of problems and expense, especially with surge during storms, said study co-author Stefan Rahmstorf of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.

    The link to temperature is basic science, the study’s authors said. Warm water expands. Cold water contracts. The scientists pointed to specific past eras when temperatures and sea rose and fell together.

    If greenhouse gas pollution continues at the current pace, both studies project increases of about 57 to 131cm. If countries fulfill the treaty agreed upon last year in Paris and limit further warming to another two degrees Fahrenheit, the rise in sea levels would be in the 28 to 56cm range.

    Source: AP:[Global sea levels rising faster due to global warming->http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/global-sea-levels-rising-faster-due-global-warming-160222201945865.html]

  • Kenya:KWS looking for six lions on the loose in Nairobi

    Kenya:KWS looking for six lions on the loose in Nairobi

    {The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) is looking for about six lions on the loose from the Nairobi National Park.}

    The lions are believed to have escaped into Lang’ata, which is adjacent to the park.

    KWS Corporate Communications Officer Paul Udoto said they are not certain of the number.

    “The lions were part of the wild population and we’re depending on the public to report if they sight them,” he said.

    The wildlife service has advised any person who spots the lions to call KWS on toll-free numbers 08002215566 or 0800597000.

    Source:Daily Nation:[KWS looking for six lions on the loose in Nairobi->http://www.nation.co.ke/news/KWS-looking-for-six-lions-on-the-loose-in-Nairobi/-/1056/3083808/-/uw9fp6z/-/index.html]

  • Armed groups line up to kill Congo’s elephants

    Armed groups line up to kill Congo’s elephants

    {On a recent Sunday a team of rangers slung backpacks and assault rifles into a helicopter for the flight to a remote part of Garamba, a vast national park in Democratic Republic of Congo.}

    Pilot Frank Molteno ferried the rangers in two groups of five to a clearing next to a papyrus bog where their nine-day patrol would begin: watching for elephants, listening for gunshots and hunting for poachers.

    Garamba National Park’s elephants were decimated last year, with 114 killed, still less than the 132 killed in 2014.

    Across Africa more than 30,000 elephants are poached every year to feed demand in Asia where a kilogramme (2.2 pounds) of raw ivory fetches around $1,100 (990 euros). Some of the tusks stored in a metal trunk inside a triple-padlocked strong room in Garamba weigh more than 30 kilogrammes each.

    “In 2015 the situation was really bad,” said Alhadji Somba Ghislain, Garamba’s 46-year old assistant park manager, who works for the Congolese Institute for the Conservation of Nature (known by its French acronym, ICCN).

    “We are fighting groups which are real threats, they are militaries. It is a real war,” he said.

    The elephant poachers of Garamba, as elsewhere in Africa, share a willingness to kill and die for their quarry, but little else. Rebel groups, renegade soldiers, regional militaries, armed cattle herders, gunmen on horseback and villagers with muskets are all held responsible.

    SOUTH SUDAN, LRA, JANJAWEED FIGHTERS

    South Sudan is the source of the greatest threat. “I see the whole of South Sudan as an armed group,” said Erik Mararv, the 30-year old park manager who runs Garamba for conservation non-profit organisation African Parks.

    That chaotic war-torn nation spews its disorder across the shared border into the north of the park. Rangers have arrested South Sudanese poachers, had numerous firefights and seized weapons and uniforms of the South Sudan army, the SPLA, said Ghislain.

    Mararv reckons armed groups from South Sudan are responsible for “80 per cent” of elephant killings.

    The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a Ugandan-led rebel group whose 150 remaining members maraud mercilessly around Central Africa also poach ivory, trading tusks for weapons.

    The group’s extravagant brutality over three decades — including massacres, mutilation and mass abductions — means its role in the illegal ivory trade attracts disproportionate attention, even though it is now responsible for just a small fraction of the poaching in Garamba.

    “The LRA is an organisation on its way down,” said Mararv. “We still have poaching by LRA but if you compare it to the larger scheme, especially poaching from South Sudan, it’s not a big deal.”

    It was not always this way. On the afternoon of January 2, 2009, the LRA attacked Nagero, the park headquarters on the southern bank of the Dungu River killing 10 people.

    Among the dead was Silu Masika, an 18-year old girl with a one-week old baby. Her father Alexis Tamwasi, a 60-year old ranger, has raised the orphaned child as his own and still seeks revenge.

    “If I find any LRA, I shoot him,” he said.

    HELICOPTER GUNMEN KILL FROM ABOVE

    Local Congolese villagers also poach inside the park, but while they may take a shot at an elephant if the opportunity arises, they are more focused on killing antelopes, buffaloes and hippos for meat.

    The most enduring raiders are armed Janjaweed horsemen from Sudan, who conduct long-range poaching missions across Central Africa. They killed around 300 elephants in Cameroon’s Bouba N’Djida Park in early 2012, ambushed and killed rangers in Chad’s Zakouma Park later that year and are blamed for wiping out Garamba’s northern white rhinos in 2006.

    They travel for months at a time in militarised caravans, cutting a swathe through wildlife across thousands of kilometres.

    Armed nomadic cattle-herders also launch regular incursions, bringing their cows to graze in the park’s north and carrying out poaching raids from their cattle camp bases. It was at one such camp that three rangers and a Congolese soldier working with them were killed in a firefight in October.

    After that deadly incident, Mararv said, the park authorities have let it be known that anyone found with a gun will be arrested and the camps have dispersed, for now.

    CONSERVATION AS CONFLICT

    One further group of killers is the most mysterious, flying over the park in unknown helicopters.

    The first recorded incident was in March 2012 when 22 elephants were killed over two days, all shot in the top of the head. A dozen were killed in the same way a month later. Eight were killed the following year, and the same number died in the most recent attack last August.

    The only groups with helicopters in the area are the armies of Uganda, South Sudan and DR Congo, the United Nations peacekeeping mission and a US operation to hunt down LRA leader Joseph Kony.

    The Ugandan army denied Congolese accusations that it was responsible for the first killing.

    “Until now, we don’t know where these helicopters are coming from, but we are investigating,” said Ghislain.

    The variety, range and determination of the armed groups arrayed against Garamba’s elephants mean this is more like conflict than conservation, but the park managers and rangers understand the threat and embrace the challenge.

    “I don’t want my children to ask, ‘Where is the elephant?’ like they ask, now, ‘Where is the white rhino?’” said Tamwasi, the ranger whose daughter died at the hands of the LRA.

    Source:Daily Nation:[Armed groups line up to kill Congo’s elephants->http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/-/1066/3080330/-/80ndqj/-/index.html]

  • In Congo, a war for Africa’s elephants

    In Congo, a war for Africa’s elephants

    {Garamba National Park (DR Congo) (AFP) – André Migifuloyo and Djuma Uweko lived together, worked together and last October died together fighting to protect Congo’s elephants from voracious ivory-seeking poachers.}

    In the continental war to protect Africa’s elephants, the rangers of Garamba National Park in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo are manning the frontline.

    The two men grew up in the same small town of Dungu and joined the park service in their early twenties, a good job that pays a decent monthly wage of around $200 (180 euros).

    Migifuloyo became a ranger in 2011 and two years later Uweko followed. Both were quick to make friends with others and lived with their young families in Nagero, the park village by the Dungu River with its little red brick church and thatched homes.

    In his spare time Migifuloyo, 26, enjoyed war films. Uweko, 27, liked a beer. Both earned reputations for discipline and courage in the field.

    On a sweltering Monday afternoon in early October they were part of a 10-man patrol that ran into a large gang of poachers in the north of the park.

    Almost as soon as the firefight began Uweko, armed with an AK-47, was shot. Migifuloyo was fatally hit moments after firing off a rocket-propelled grenade.

    – Rhinos slaughtered –

    Uweko dragged himself into the thick elephant grass where he lay bleeding until the poachers found him, and shot him dead. Two others also died: one in the initial exchange of fire while the other, like Uweko, was wounded then executed.

    Dieudonné Komorewa, 33 and a ranger for nearly eight years, was Migifuloyo’s close friend and second cousin.

    “I could tell he was a disciplined person, and brave, from the start,” Komorewa said. “He was fun to be around.”

    The day before his friend was killed they had gone shopping together for baby clothes for Migifuloyo’s unborn child. Most days Komorewa takes up his dead friend’s toddler son to play with his own children.

    “I love that kid so much,” he said.

    Komorewa remains a determined ranger. “The enemy is the enemy and everything we do here is against them. We mustn’t be scared of them, we must always be ready,” he said.

    Who the enemy is varies.

    Sometimes it is members of the ragtag yet brutally effective rebel Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), more often it is armed groups from South Sudan or pastoralist-poachers from Sudan or Central African Republic, or occasionally unknown shooters in helicopters who kill the elephants with a bullet in the top of the skull.

    – ‘If they see us they shoot’ –

    Every year more than 30,000 elephants are poached in Africa, according to conservationists, leaving around 450,000 in the wild while the illegal ivory trade their tusks supply is estimated to be worth $3 billion (2.7 billion euros) a year.

    The poachers are killers, so African Parks, the South Africa-based, European Union-backed conservation organisation that manages Garamba, has brought in military trainers and a helicopter to help level the battlefield.

    The 120 park rangers –- a quarter of what’s needed to patrol the 12,400 square kilometre (4,800 square mile) park, about half the size of Wales — are looking more and more like the paramilitary force they must be to win the ivory war.

    In 2015 there were 28 firefights with poachers. Four rangers were killed and 114 elephants shot -– almost one in 10 of those left in Garamba -– but just 40 years ago there were 23,000 elephants here, plus close to 500 northern white rhinos. Poachers killed Garamba’s last rhino a decade ago and the rangers are fighting to stop Garamba’s elephants meeting the same end.

    At the 50-metre (yard) firing range cut out of the thick bush, military trainers from Pretoria-based security company Noctuam are working on the rangers’ marksmanship.

    A year ago rangers would shoot from the hip or, sometimes, over their heads holding the gun sideways like in a gangsta movie. Now they steady themselves in a low crouch, aim, exhale and squeeze the trigger. Lack of bullets means each ranger gets just five practice shots before each deployment.

    – ‘Bush justice’ –

    The adjacent obstacle course is made out of rough branches and tree trunks. The teaching happens at the camp but the real learning is in the field, said one of the trainers who did not want to be identified. “Here you can only tell them what to do. In the bush you show them,” he said.

    Garamba’s security advisor Peter Philippot, a 45-year old French former soldier, says weapons and ammunition are his priority. The armoury is mostly filled with battered and ageing AK-47 rifles with an effective range of 100 metres, but in the park’s thick, tall grass and forests most firefights begin at frighteningly short range.

    “In the bush you can’t see nothing after 20 metres and most fights start at 10 metres. We need shotguns,” said Philippot.

    A $2 million (1.8 million euros) Squirrel helicopter donated by Howard Buffett, the philanthropist son of a billionaire businessman, helps even the odds, said the 60-year old South African pilot Frank Molteno.

    His aircraft was hit by gunfire and nearly shot down as he rescued the surviving rangers during October’s battle.

    “If they see us they shoot at us, so we shoot at them. It’s bush justice,” he said.

    The war is merciless. The poachers who killed Migifuloyo, Uweko and the two others stripped their bodies, looted their gear and left their corpses strewn in the baking sun. It took four days for the rangers to find, retrieve and bury their colleagues.

    Komorewa visits his friend’s grave a couple of times a month, clearing the dead leaves that gather on the concrete, but despite the loss he has never considered giving up. “I could be killed riding my motorbike, not just in the bush,” he said. “Death is everywhere.”

    Source:AFP:[In Congo, a war for Africa’s elephants->http://news.yahoo.com/congo-war-africas-elephants-035700582.html]