{{The World Health Organization called Wednesday for a dramatic increase in screening and treatment of hepatitis C, saying higher demand would help drive down the cost of drugs for the disease.}}
Most of the 185 million people chronically infected with the liver disease worldwide do not know they have it due to lack of screening, and many of those who do cannot access treatment due to the high cost, the UN agency said.
Some 350,000 people die of hepatitis C-related liver diseases annually, and as many as four million people become infected each year, according to the WHO, which on Wednesday released its first-ever guidelines on fighting the disease.
Hepatitis C is caused by a virus that can be transmitted through sharing needles, receiving contaminated blood transfusions or having sex with an infected person.
No vaccine exists for the disease, but new antiviral treatments like Gilead Sciences’ Sofosbuvir, recently approved in the United States and the European Union, have been shown to cure more than 90 percent of those treated, up from 50 to 60 percent for the previous generation of drugs.
But with a price tag of $84,000 (61,000 euros) for a 12-week treatment of Sofosbuvir in the United States — or about $1,000 a tablet — few can afford it, WHO expert Peter Beyer said.
Producing that drug meanwhile costs only between $68 and $136 per treatment, Beyer said, insisting the market for the drugs needed to be vastly expanded to spur more competition and help shrink the prices.
“We want to benefit from the experience we have with HIV,” he said, noting that the cost of drugs used to treat the virus that leads to AIDS had been pushed down from around $10,000 to $100 per person per year.
– ‘Power of scaling up’ –
However, hepatitis C has a much lower profile in most countries, making it difficult to convince governments to address the disease.
Stefan Wiktor, head of the WHO’s Global Hepatitis Programme, pointed to Egypt as an example of how countries can use “the power of scaling up” to push down prices.
Egypt has the world’s highest infection rate of hepatitis C at more than 10 percent of the population because syringes are routinely re-used, according to WHO.
The country, which has prioritised tackling the disease and has treated more than 300,000 people, has negotiated a 12-week treatment price of just $900 from Gilead.
WHO expects more new drugs to hit the market soon, which could help bring down prices and broaden access, Wiktor said.
Doctors Without Borders (MSF) meanwhile expressed outrage at the high prices and said even steep discounts to countries like Thailand, which looks set to receive Sofosbuvir treatments for $5,000, were not enough.
“When you’re starting from such an exorbitant price in the US, the price Gilead will offer middle-income countries … may seem like a good discount, but it will still be too expensive for many of these countries to scale up treatment,” said Rohit Malpani, of MSF’s Access Campaign.
Securing a decent price is only part of the battle though.
Most cases of hepatitis C, which shows no symptoms until a person develops liver damage or cancer, go undetected. In the European Union, only two to three percent of sufferers receive treatment.
“Many people remain unaware, sometimes for decades, that they are infected with hepatitis C,” said WHO expert Andrew Ball, calling for anyone at risk of carrying the disease to be screened.
Hepatitis C statistics are sketchy, but WHO says the disease in developing countries like Egypt, or Pakistan, where nearly five percent of the population is infected, is usually contracted in a healthcare setting.
In Europe, the United States and other wealthy nations, intravenous drug use is usually the cause.
Worldwide, 69 percent of drug injectors are infected with the liver disease, according to WHO.
Yet current and former drug users are often denied treatment, Wiktor lamented, insisting on the benefit of treating everyone with chronic hepatitis C.
AFP