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The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have stated that the airstrikes were a retaliation for the killing of one of its soldiers, while President Donald Trump has strongly asserted that “nothing will jeopardize” the ceasefire, stressing that Hamas “has to behave.”

The airstrikes primarily targeted densely populated areas in Gaza, including the Al-Mawasi tent camp in southern Gaza, where thousands of displaced families had sought refuge. The strikes also affected other civilian areas, causing widespread destruction.

Local medical teams reported that in addition to the confirmed civilian deaths, dozens more have been injured, some critically.

The international community has reacted with condemnation, with many calling for an immediate return to the ceasefire.

Humanitarian organisations have expressed concerns over the escalation of violence, as it threatens to exacerbate the already dire humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Displaced families, many of whom had hoped for a reprieve after the ceasefire agreement, now face renewed danger and uncertainty.

The ceasefire agreement, brokered by the United States and signed by both Israeli and Palestinian factions, had been hailed as a breakthrough, promising a path to peace. However, these recent attacks have raised serious concerns about the durability of the ceasefire and the prospects for future peace talks.

Despite the growing calls for an end to the violence, Israel’s government has made it clear that it will continue to take action to defend its soldiers and citizens, while also calling for Hamas to honour the ceasefire and refrain from further provocations.

Ebabi and her partner were preparing for their wedding, set for October 31, 2025. Ahead of the event, they visited ‘Raw Studio’ in Kinshasa to take photos and videos to commemorate the occasion.

The DRC military arrested Ebabi on October 24 after a video showing her kissing her partner went viral on social media. She is currently being held at the Military Prosecutor’s office.

The prosecution accuses Ebabi of tarnishing the image of the national army and violating military regulations. They argue that the incident, kissing while in uniform, was compounded by her alleged role in spreading the 25-second video.

During proceedings at the Military High Court, Ebabi testified that the photographer from Raw Studio, Yannick Kayembe, admitted to posting the video and photos on his TikTok account to promote his work.

She told the court president, “The crime is the photographer’s, Mr. President. I didn’t share the video.”

The military prosecution, however, insists that Ebabi was responsible for posting the photos and videos and is requesting a 10-year prison sentence.

The court’s final decision is expected to be announced on the afternoon of October 29, 2025.

The event held on October 28, 2025, in Washington, D.C, brought together various leaders and conservationists, to celebrate global initiatives in wildlife protection and ecosystem preservation.

In his remarks, Dr. Nsengigumva thanked the International Conservation Caucus Foundation (ICCF) for its unwavering dedication to advancing global conservation and emphasized Rwanda’s strong commitment to the cause.

“Peace and prosperity cannot be sustained, without protecting the environment that our people depend on,” Dr. Nsengigumva stated. “That’s why Rwanda has placed conservation at the heart of our national development strategy, for the past three decades.”

Reflecting on Rwanda’s conservation achievements, Dr. Nsengigumva pointed out the success of the Kwita Izina program, initiated twenty years ago, which involves naming all baby mountain gorillas born in the previous year.

This initiative, he noted, came at a time when mountain gorillas were critically endangered.

“Today, thanks to our conservation efforts, the population has rebounded to over 1,000, a four-fold increase, and we can proudly say they are no longer critically endangered,” he said.

The Prime Minister also highlighted the restoration of Akagera National Park, where a public-private partnership with African Parks led to a dramatic rise in the park’s wildlife population.

“Since then, Akagera’s wildlife population has more than doubled, from fewer than 5,000 large mammals to nearly 12,000, and the park is now self-funding,” Dr. Nsengigumva revealed.

Rwanda’s commitment to reintroducing species, such as lions and rhinos, was another point of pride.

Lions were reintroduced in 2015 after being decimated in 1994, followed by the return of Eastern Black Rhinos and the introduction of Southern White Rhinos, marking the largest single rhino translocation in history,” he stated, adding a lighthearted remark.

Dr. Nsengigumva stressed the vital role of local communities in Rwanda’s conservation success.

“None of these results could have been achieved without the support of the communities that surround these parks. They have become the frontline defenders of wildlife in Rwanda because we always make sure that they benefit directly from wildlife conservation,” he explained.

Dr. Nsengigumva also spoke about Africa’s broader commitment to conservation, referencing the Kigali Call to Action for People and Nature, adopted by African leaders in 2022.

He pointed out the innovative potential within the continent’s parks, from wildlife monitoring to biotechnological advancements like genomic sequencing.

“We cannot allow Africa’s parks to be used by terrorist groups, or criminal organizations, to create insecurity,” the Prime Minister added, emphasizing Rwanda’s commitment to preserving peace and safety in the region.

He expressed appreciation for President Donald Trump’s leadership in facilitating regional peace, which includes provisions for cross-border cooperation between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo on wildlife conservation and tourism.

Concluding his remarks, Dr. Nsengigumva expressed his thanks to those supporting conservation initiatives, particularly highlighting Rob Walton’s remarkable contributions to the field, including the recent establishment of the African Conservation Academy in Akagera.

“When we work together, we can create a better future for our children and our planet,” he concluded.

The 2025 ICCF U.S. Congressional International Conservation Leadership Gala is one of the most prominent events in Washington, D.C. dedicated to advancing bipartisan U.S. leadership in global conservation efforts.

Hosted by the International Conservation Caucus Foundation, the gala convenes over 200 distinguished guests, including members of the U.S. Cabinet and Congress, global policymakers and opinion leaders, international business executives and NGO leaders, celebrities and conservation advocates.

The gala serves as a platform to raise awareness and political support for habitat and biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource management, and international collaboration.

It highlights the work of the ICCF Group in building political will and delivering cost-effective, resilient conservation solutions through its International Conservation Corps and parliamentary caucus model.

Since its inception in 2006, the gala has featured notable figures such as; King Charles III; Founder of Amazon and Bezos Earth Fund,Jeff Bezos; Queen Noor of Jordan, Prince Albert II of Monaco, and former U.S. Presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton who are also Honorary Co-Chairs of ICCF.

This marks Suluhu’s first electoral test since assuming office in 2021 following the death of her predecessor, John Magufuli. Running on the ticket of the long-dominant Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party alongside former minister Emmanuel Nchimbi, she is seeking her first full term in office.

Despite a crowded field of 17 presidential candidates, analysts describe the race as largely uncompetitive. The disqualification of Tanzania’s two main opposition parties, Chadema and ACT-Wazalendo, has cleared the path for Suluhu and CCM to maintain their six-decade rule, uninterrupted since independence.

The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) barred both major opposition parties earlier this year. Chadema’s leader, Tundu Lissu, was arrested on treason charges in April following his calls for electoral reforms under the slogan “No Reforms, No Election,” while ACT-Wazalendo’s candidate, Luhaga Mpina, was twice disqualified after a series of court challenges.

Their exclusion has left smaller opposition figures to fill the vacuum, though few command significant national appeal.

Among them is Salum Mwalimu of the Public Liberation Party (Chaumma), once a close ally of Lissu and a former Chadema secretary-general. Mwalimu, who served as Lissu’s running mate in the 2020 election, has promised far-reaching reforms, including a new constitution.

“Tanzanians should expect great change from our party, which is committed to transforming the country,” he said when collecting his nomination forms last month.

Other contenders include Haji Ambar Khamis of NCCR-Mageuzi, who has pledged to introduce a new constitution within his first 100 days in office, and Gombo Samandito Gombo of CUF, whose campaign focuses on anti-corruption, domestic revenue generation, and agricultural investment.

Two women, Saum Hussein Rashid of UDP and Mwajuma Noty Mirambo of UMD, also feature on the ballot, highlighting the slow but steady rise of female representation in Tanzanian politics.

Observers say the fragmented opposition, coupled with CCM’s vast resources and entrenched grassroots network, leaves little doubt about the likely outcome.

More than 37 million Tanzanians are eligible to vote in an election that also includes parliamentary and local government contests.

In the 2020 election, the late John Magufuli secured a landslide 84.4% of the vote, while Tundu Lissu came second with 13.04%.

The officials, including those from California, New York, as well as the District of Columbia, announced that they are suing the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for unlawfully suspending Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits during the ongoing federal government shutdown.

The federal court lawsuit filed in Massachusetts requests that the judge block the administration’s prior orders directing states to suspend benefits and compel the USDA to utilize all available resources to continue providing SNAP benefits in November.

“Millions of Americans are about to go hungry because the federal government has chosen to withhold food assistance it is legally obligated to provide,” said New York Attorney General Letitia James in a statement.

According to U.S. media, SNAP is the nation’s largest anti-hunger program serving nearly 42 million people, which is over 12 percent of the U.S. population. Most SNAP recipients live at or below the federal poverty line.

To reach the decision, the court analyzed the history of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and the specific actions of Dr. Munyemana, using testimonies from survivors, expert evidence, and statements from the accused himself.

Both the defense and witnesses agreed that after the assassination of President Juvénal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994, extremists, political leaders, and high-ranking military officers initiated a nationwide campaign to kill Tutsis, based on a premeditated plan.

Initially, Butare remained peaceful as its Prefect, Habyarimana Jean Baptiste, had prohibited violence. However, two days after the transitional government forced him to resign on April 17, 1994, President Théodore Sindikubwabo called on the population to “do the work,” which meant killing Tutsis.

After this speech, Tutsis were targeted through roadblocks, ambushes, and mass killings at churches and government offices, which were falsely labeled as “safe,” yet were set up as traps to kill them. These acts were part of a nationwide strategy.

For the court to establish a link between the violence in Butare and Dr. Munyemana’s actions, it was necessary to examine detailed information about his activities, his standing in the local community, and his political affiliations.

{{Dr. Munyemana from Butare}}

Dr. Munyemana was a gynecologist who worked at Butare Hospital before and during the genocide, and also served as a lecturer at the former National University of Rwanda (UNR).

He was a member of the MDR party, the Vice President of the local intellectuals’ group (Cercle des Intellectuels)of the party in Butare, and had close ties to key figures, including Kambanda Jean, the Prime Minister of the interim government.

The court found that Dr. Munyemana’s reputation and influence allowed him to carry out actions that affected the Butare population, as he was seen as an influential figure.

On April 16, 1994, Dr. Munyemana, along with other intellectuals, signed a document supporting the interim government, which played a significant role in the mass killings of Tutsis. The court determined that by signing this document, Dr. Munyemana knowingly supported the continuation of the genocide.

The court’s ruling, issued on October 27, 2025, stated, “It is clear that the accused, from April 16, 1994, supported the transitional government’s plan and its execution, calling on Hutus to ‘start work,’ which meant continuing to kill ‘enemies’ labeled as Tutsis across the country.”

{{Dr. Munyemana’s involvement in roadblocks and patrols }}

The court confirmed that Dr. Munyemana attended a meeting at the Tumba sector office on April 17, 1994, where a decision was made to initiate patrols and set up roadblocks. He was assigned to a security committee responsible for implementing these measures.

From April 21, 1994, the roadblocks and patrols were used to search for and arrest Tutsis to kill them.

The court noted that Dr. Munyemana knew that Tutsis were being captured at the roadblocks and patrols, but continued to participate in these operations without intervening to stop the violence against Tutsis or protect the victims.

Dr. Munyemana admitted that François Bwanakeye, the head of Tumba sector, gave him the keys to the sector offices, which he held from April 23 to May 19, 1994.

The court found that Dr. Munyemana locked many Tutsis in the sector offices, and most of them were arrested and killed. He prevented them from escaping, allowing the Interahamwe militia to bring in more victims, whom he then handed over for execution.

Survivors from the genocide testified that Dr. Munyemana played a role in the death of Tutsi. A witness stated that one of the Tutsis who had been imprisoned at the sector offices was the only survivor.

{{Dr. Munyemana’s defense and court’s rejection}}

Dr. Munyemana claimed that he did not know the killings were planned, but the court found that he was well aware, as he followed the media and knew what was happening in Kigali. He was close to the leaders who orchestrated the killings.

The accused also argued that he confined Tutsis in the sector offices to protect them. However, the court found that locking them in a small building without essential resources such as food, water, or security was intended to facilitate their deaths.

Dr. Munyemana further claimed that he did not know what happened to the Tutsis after they were removed from the offices. However, the court noted that he never inquired about their fate, even though he could clearly see that those he claimed to be “rescuing” had disappeared.

To explain his inaction, Dr. Munyemana asserted that he was just a doctor with no political involvement. The court, however, disagreed, as it found that he played an active role in politics in Butare and at the national level.

{{Court’s decision}}

The judges concluded that Dr. Munyemana played a direct role in the genocide by imprisoning Tutsis at the sector offices in Tumba, fully aware that they were to be killed. This constituted a crime of depriving people of their liberty with the intent to kill them as part of the genocide plan.

The court also found that Dr. Munyemana contributed to the planning of the genocide through his involvement in various meetings, his support of the genocidal government, and his participation in security operations designed to capture and kill Tutsis.

However, the court acquitted him of crimes against humanity due to lack of evidence proving that he personally tortured, murdered, or committed other inhumane acts against the Tutsis detained at the sector offices.

Dr. Munyemana was sentenced to 24 years in prison, a sentence he had previously received from the Paris Court of Assizes in December 2023.

In a message shared on his X account on October 28, 2025, Amb. Karega expressed his delight at becoming Rwanda’s first resident ambassador to Algeria.

“I am honored to officially present to President Tebboune of Algeria my letters of credence as the first resident Rwandan Ambassador. Rwanda and Algeria are determined to elevate our bilateral and continental relations to the highest level,” he noted.

Other ambassadors who presented their credentials to President Tebboune on the same occasion included Najmul Huda Mohammed of Bangladesh, Wolfgang Spadinger of Austria, Anna Block Mazoyer of Sweden, Oleksandr Voronin of Ukraine, and Abdellatif Ellayeh of Egypt.

Rwanda and Algeria have maintained cooperation in areas such as security and education, with several Rwandan students pursuing studies in Algeria, a country where Arabic, French, and Tamazight are the official languages.

Since 1982, the two nations have signed various agreements covering economic cooperation, social development, cultural exchange, and other fields.

In December 2023, Algeria opened its embassy in Rwanda, demonstrating a renewed commitment to strengthening diplomatic ties.

On June 3, 2025, President Paul Kagame paid a state visit to Algeria, where he toured the National School of Artificial Intelligence, which also hosts Rwandan students.

During the visit, he held talks with President Tebboune focused on promoting stronger African cooperation in areas such as cross-border trade.

Before his new appointment, Ambassador Karega served as Rwanda’s envoy to South Africa until 2019, after which he was posted to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). He left the DRC in 2022, following heightened diplomatic tensions between the two countries.

On December 20, 2024, he was appointed Rwanda’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region, prior to taking up his current role as Ambassador to Algeria.

The discussion on “Is Humanity Heading in the Right Direction?” featured an array of world leaders, including President Mohamed Irfaan Ali of Guyana, President Gustavo Petro of Colombia, Prime Minister Edi Rama of Albania, Prime Minister Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif of Pakistan, as well as business luminary Ray Dalio, founder of Bridgewater Associates, and Gianni Infantino, president of FIFA.

The session was moderated by Richard Attias, Chairman of the FII Institute Executive Committee and Acting CEO of FII Institute.

Addressing the panel, moderator Attias highlighted Rwanda as a model of resilience and reform, asking President Kagame what leadership quality is most crucial to restoring trust between citizens and leaders.

President Kagame responded, emphasising that “delivery” aligning what leaders promise with the experiences of the people, is fundamental. He stated that leaders must understand what their people expect and work within available structures to meet those expectations.

“Trust is created when the delivery we promise and the experience people have move in harmony,” he said.

Highlighting Rwanda’s journey, Kagame noted, “For my country, which is a very small country, we make sure that everybody understands that we are small geographically in size, but we are not a people of small minds or spirit… The first people to take care of ourselves are us, and partnerships can accelerate growth, but it has to start with us.”

The discussion also explored how medium and small-sized countries can redefine their paths to development. Kagame stressed that size is not a limitation; rather, mindset, practice, and accountability are key.

He reflected on Rwanda’s recovery from its tragic past of the Genocide against the Tutsi, stating, “Thirty years ago, the country was completely destroyed. So those of us who survived the tragedy had to make a choice. Do we go along with the destruction and disappear ourselves? Or do we do something and live again, and later on connect with the rest of the world?

“We learned to take care of our business, hold ourselves accountable, and make sure that we are able to measure the results we get throughout this journey we have undertaken…We don’t forget to cooperate with others across the world for what they can provide. We also prepare the ground for other people from outside who can come and make investments with us, trade with us, or cooperate in all kinds of ways we can.”

President Mohamed Irfaan Ali of Guyana echoed Kagame’s sentiment, stressing the importance of bold thinking, investment in human capital, technology, and infrastructure as essential for competitiveness, regardless of a country’s size.

Earlier in the day at the King Abdulaziz International Conference Center, President Kagame participated in another high-level discussion on “the true cost of economic security,” where he called for a more inclusive global trade framework that enables equitable growth for developing nations.

President Kagame arrived in Riyadh on Monday, October 27, joining global leaders, CEOs, investors, and policymakers for FII9, which runs through October 30 under the theme “The Key to Prosperity: Unlocking New Frontiers of Growth.”

The conference, organised by the FII Institute, provides a platform for debate and solutions-oriented dialogue on global investment and policy challenges, focusing on AI & Robotics, Education, Healthcare, and Sustainability.

The tree planting activity which was held during the monthly Umuganda community service where 10,000 agroforestry trees and 3000 fruit trees were planted in the community, preceded other 7,000 fruit trees that the company had distributed to the districts of Kicukiro and Nyarugenge the previous week.

The event was graced by distinguished government officials including the Minister of Trade and Industry, the Mayor of Rubavu District among other distinguished guests and dignitaries.

Community members were glad to participate in the event and also receive fruit trees to plant at home as a chance not only to help the environment, but to improve household nutrition, income and soil health.

The initiative is part of BRALIRWA’s ‘brew a better world’ agenda to boost watershed protection, biodiversity and community livelihoods.

Speaking during the event, BRALIRWA’s Corporate Affairs and Communications Director, Rosette Mutoni, reiterated the company’s long-standing commitment to environmental sustainability.

“Each year, we proudly plant 20,000 trees across our water catchment areas in both Kigali and Rubavu. This initiative not only helps to restore and protect vital ecosystems but also demonstrates our dedication to nurturing the environment for the well-being of our communities and future generations.”

Last year in September, the company in partnership with Rubavu leadership engaged the community in clean-up activities along the shores of Lake Kivu under the theme ‘make room for life’ where they engaged in discussions on waste management and donated hygiene materials to facilitate waste collection.

The Mayor of Rubavu District, Prosper Mulindwa, appreciated the community members for their great participation in tree planting event and commended BRALIRWA for continuing to set an example of responsible corporate citizenship by showing that protecting our planet and supporting our people go hand in hand in building a sustainable future for Rwanda.

The Minister of Trade and Industry, Prudence Sebahizi, who was the guest of honor in the umuganda ‘community work’ reminded all participants of the importance of conserving the environment, “Every tree we plant today is a symbol of our faith in Rwanda’s future, a future that is green, sustainable, and prosperous.”

“Environmental protection and industrial development are not opposing goals, they are complementary pillars of Rwanda’s transformation. At the Ministry of Trade and Industry, we are committed to green industrialization, supporting factories that use clean technologies, promoting eco-friendly value chains, and encouraging businesses that grow while protecting nature,” he added.

The event was concluded with interactions between event participants and BRALIRWA staff highlighting the importance of collaboration and joint efforts in promoting environmental sustainability.