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In a communiqué adopted during its 1308th emergency meeting on 28 October 2025, the AU Peace and Security Council (PSC) PSC expressed deep alarm over the worsening humanitarian situation in El Fasher, following atrocities committed by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

Scores of people have been killed in attacks by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) during their recent capture of the city of el-Fasher in Sudan’s western Darfur region, according to a medical group and researchers.

On Wednesday, the Sudan Doctors Network reported that the RSF, which has been fighting Sudan’s military for control of the country, had killed at least 1,500 people over the past three days as civilians tried to flee the besieged city. The group, which tracks the country’s civil war, described the situation as “a true genocide”.

The Council strongly condemned the RSF’s takeover of the city, which has left civilians trapped without access to food and essential services since May 2024.

Acting under Article 7 of its Protocol, the council directed the Chairperson of the Commission to work closely with the PSC Presidential Ad-hoc Committee, under Museveni’s leadership, to facilitate negotiations between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the RSF.

The directive also includes plans for holding an AU Special Summit on Sudan aimed at achieving a sustainable ceasefire and political settlement.

The Council reiterated that there is no military solution to the Sudanese crisis and called for a genuine, inclusive political dialogue among Sudanese stakeholders.

It also warned against any external interference that fuels the conflict and urged regional and international coordination between the AU, the United Nations (UN), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), and other partners.

The AU also requested a fact-finding mission by the Special Envoy on the Prevention of Genocide and Other Mass Atrocities to report within three weeks, alongside measures to identify and sanction external actors supporting the conflict.

The disclosure was made on October 30, 2025, as BRD officials appeared before the Parliamentary Committee on Land, Agriculture, Livestock, and Environment.

Through the carbon market, developing countries which contribute the least to global carbon emissions enter into agreements with wealthier nations. The latter cover the cost of initiatives that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, allowing them to offset part of their own emissions.

This includes projects such as tree planting, forest conservation, and biodiversity protection that absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere. It also covers initiatives that promote the use of renewable energy and other environmentally friendly practices.

In the carbon market, buyers voluntarily purchase carbon credits. One carbon credit (equivalent to one ton of CO₂) is priced between $40 and $80, although prices can vary depending on the type of project and agreements between countries.

The carbon market is one of the financial solutions supporting environmental sustainability, helping Rwanda reach its goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 38% by 2030.

According to Innocent Gatete, head of strategic projects and implementation at BRD, the bank has already registered on the carbon market and is among the first Rwandan institutions benefiting from it.

He explained that the approved carbon credits were based on BRD’s projects implemented between 2020 and 2025.

Gatete revealed that BRD has already received an initial payment of $214,000 (about Frw 310 million) and expects to receive over $2 million by December 2025, followed by $16 million in 2026.

“These funds help us expand our projects and improve where we previously faced challenges. They also help address the issue of cooking energy, as we plan to offer subsidies from these funds,” Gatete said.

He added that Rwanda sold its carbon credits at $15 per ton but expects to negotiate higher prices in the future.

Among the BRD projects that generated carbon credits is “Cana Uhendukiwe”, which provided solar energy solutions to 510,847 households and attracted $48.94 million in investment.

Another project, EAQIP 3B (Tekera Aheza), is set to conclude in 2026, with 73% of its budget already utilized. The project distributes improved cookstoves to households, helping reduce carbon emissions.

EAQIP is expected to cut over 600,000 tons of greenhouse gases and generate more than $10 million, which will be reinvested in renewable energy programs, improved cooking technologies, and the production of clean fuels.

BRD continues to encourage the private sector to seek loans from the bank for similar green initiatives. For example, it financed a government project to construct 17,000 cubic meters of biogas storage facilities used for cooking.

Apart from BRD, other institutions may also benefit from the carbon market once their projects are approved.

They were received by the RSF Joint Task Force (JTF) Commander, Major General V. Gatama, and other RSF commanders, who briefed them on the current security situation within the RSF Area of Responsibility.

According to Rwanda’s Ministry of Defence, the purpose of the visit was to welcome the newly deployed Rwandan Security Forces under the command of Major General V. Gatama, who currently relieved their colleagues in Cabo Delgado.

The visit also aimed to strengthen the longstanding friendship and bilateral cooperation between the two forces.

During the visit, the CGS announced that the Joint Command and Coordination Centre will be relocated from Pemba to Mocímboa da Praia City to enhance coordination of future operations.

He encouraged both the Rwandan and Mozambican Forces to continue working together to achieve their operational objectives.

General Jane reaffirmed his commitment to supporting the Joint Forces in successfully accomplishing their mission.

He commended the outstanding efforts of both the RSF and Mozambican Forces in combating terrorism in Cabo Delgado and praised the RSF for its significant contribution to restoring peace and security in the province.

At a news conference, Governor Kathy Hochul announced 65 million U.S. dollars in new state funds for emergency food assistance and promised to provide 40 million meals to New Yorkers.

The prolonged U.S. federal government shutdown is putting millions of people at risk of missing their food stamp benefits, or the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), a vital lifeline for low-income households.

Earlier this month, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) told state agencies to hold off distributing November benefits “until further notice” because of insufficient funds.

“As the GOP federal government shutdown continues, the Trump administration has refused to release billions in statutorily approved federal contingency funding that would address this crisis in states across the nation,” Hochul said.

In recent days, several states have stepped up efforts to ensure SNAP recipients can afford food in November.

Louisiana Governor Jeff Landry signed an emergency declaration last week to fund SNAP benefits for recipients who rely on the program, while Vermont lawmakers on Wednesday approved a plan to fund food stamp benefits for state residents through Nov. 15.

In New Mexico, Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham announced Wednesday that her state will provide 30 million dollars in emergency food assistance to residents through EBT cards, backfilling SNAP benefits temporarily.

Democratic governors and attorneys general from 25 U.S. states filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration on Tuesday, challenging its conclusion that it lacks the authority to use emergency funds to maintain food assistance for millions of Americans next month.

They called on the court to compel the USDA to use contingency funds appropriated by Congress to keep the program running.

SNAP is the nation’s largest anti-hunger program serving approximately 42 million people. Most SNAP recipients live at or below the federal poverty line.

The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said it was alarmed by the atrocity reports in the capital of North Darfur state after the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) seized the city over the weekend.

“Local sources report widespread killings, abductions, maiming and sexual violence, alongside the detention and killing of aid workers,” OCHA said. “Thousands of civilians remain trapped inside El Fasher, while many others are stranded at Garni, about 20 kilometers away, unable to flee due to insecurity and lack of transport.”

The office said those still inside the city face life-threatening shortages of food, water and medical care. Aid workers are blocked from entering the city.

The UN Security Council on Thursday voiced grave concern over escalating violence in and around El Fasher and condemned the assault by the RSF on El Fasher and its devastating impact on the civilian population.

UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Tom Fletcher told the council that the situation in El Fasher has descended into “an even darker hell,” with credible reports of widespread executions after RSF fighters entered the city.

OCHA said that civilians who managed to escape El Fasher are sheltering in the open in the localities of Kebkabiya, Melit and Tawila, where families lack necessities.

“Conditions in Tawila are particularly dire,” the office said. “Safe water meets less than half of daily needs, markets have collapsed, and supplies of food, fuel and medicines are nearly exhausted. Diseases are spreading.”

A UN-led assessment screened 715 displaced children and found nearly 60 percent of them to be acutely malnourished.

OCHA said the world body and its partners are scaling up response efforts despite enormous security and access challenges.

In Tawila, mobile health clinics are providing urgent medical and nutrition services for the newly arrived. Humanitarian partners have established health and nutrition sites, distributed reproductive health and cholera kits, and pre-positioned more than 8,000 cartons of therapeutic food, with another 6,000 cartons en route.

OCHA said that more than 30 nutrition sites remain operational, while community kitchens, cash distributions and temporary shelters continue to support newly displaced families. Psychosocial activities for children affected by trauma are to begin this week.

“The United Nations and partners are also sustaining water, sanitation and hygiene operations across Tawila, Melit and surrounding areas, trucking safe water, installing latrines, distributing hygiene kits, and conducting cholera prevention campaigns,” the office said.

OCHA warned that explosive ordnance contamination continues to endanger civilians and humanitarian workers in and around El Fasher, limiting safe movement and delaying assistance. Sustained access for mine action teams and equipment is urgently needed to survey and clear hazardous areas.

The office reiterated its call for all parties to immediately halt hostilities, protect civilians and aid workers, and ensure sustained, unhindered humanitarian access.

The unrest, which has affected major cities including Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Mwanza, and Arusha, saw demonstrators vandalising and setting fire to a number of commercial establishments.

Among the first affected was an electronics shop owned by rapper Billnas, followed by Shishi Food, a popular restaurant chain run by musician Shilole. Fashion entrepreneur and singer Juma Jux also reported significant losses after his boutique was destroyed.

Protesters have voiced frustration over the perceived closeness of some celebrities to political authorities, accusing them of supporting the ruling party. Many in Tanzania’s entertainment sector have expressed concern about being caught in the crossfire.

Beyond businesses, some entertainers are also actively participating in the political sphere. Musician and social media personality Baba Levo is running for an elective seat, with support from fellow artist Diamond Platnumz, demonstrating the growing intersection between celebrity influence and political engagement in the country.

The election period has been marked by demonstrations, curfews in certain areas, and heightened security presence. While the situation has caused disruptions, authorities continue to encourage citizens to observe peace and maintain public safety.

RDRC Chairperson Valerie Nyirahabineza shared these details on October 30, 2025, during a ceremony marking the discharge of the 75th cohort, which included 143 individuals from armed groups.

“I am pleased to inform you that, since 2001, 12,602 former combatants have been reintegrated. This program has provided thousands of former fighters and their families with tangible assistance, including civic education, vocational training, and support to enhance livelihoods and economic opportunities,” she stated.

Nyirahabineza called on Rwandans still in the forests of the DRC to lay down their arms, emphasizing that being used as foreign mercenaries to destabilize their own country would lead to nothing positive.

“We urge all Rwandans involved in the FDLR and its affiliated groups to lay down their arms and return home. As the RDRC, we are ready to welcome them and assist in their reintegration into society,” she stated.

A peace agreement signed between Rwanda and the DRC in June 2025 calls for the elimination of the FDLR, with its combatants to be repatriated and reintegrated into society.

In line with these agreements, on October 10, the DRC military urged FDLR combatants to surrender their weapons to either the DRC authorities or United Nations peacekeepers, warning that those who resist will face military action.

Nyirahabineza emphasized that Rwanda is prepared to receive any FDLR combatants wishing to return, offering them the same support provided to those who have come before them.

“Rwanda is ready to welcome new combatants who are being repatriated from the DRC, including those from FDLR, as called for in the latest statement from the DRC government,” she said.

Minister of Local Government, Dominique Habimana, urged Rwandans to refrain from engaging in actions that could destabilize their motherland and commended those who had chosen to lay down their arms.

“We ask that you demonstrate how the training you received here has transformed your mindset and behavior. Always focus on safeguarding our country’s security, and collaborate with fellow Rwandans to prevent any threats to that security,” he emphasized.

Minister Habimana also encouraged these individuals to leave behind the time spent in the forests of the DRC and embark on a new journey of self-improvement. He reminded them that unity and solidarity among Rwandans are the foundations of all that has been achieved.

He urged them to steer clear of actions that could lead them back to the negative paths they once followed.

“Let us remember that unity and solidarity as Rwandans are the pillars of all our gains. Betraying that unity is forbidden. Therefore, I ask you to avoid anything that could lead you back to the evils of the past and instead join other Rwandans in fighting against genocide ideology and contributing to building our national unity,” he said.

Among the reintegrated former combatants, some have returned with their families. The training program lasted between three to six months.

The ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party, which has governed since Tanzania’s independence in 1961, aimed to extend its hold on power in the recent elections.

President Samia Suluhu Hassan, the incumbent, faced 16 other candidates from smaller parties.

Notably, opposition leader Tundu Lissu remains incarcerated after being charged with treason, and Luhaga Mpina, a presidential candidate from the second-largest opposition party, was barred from running.

The electoral body, as reported by AP quoting state TV, announced that President Hassan had taken an early lead, securing 96.99% of the votes in the initial tally from eight constituencies.

Lawmakers from the European Parliament issued a statement on Thursday, calling the elections “neither free nor fair” and urging international democratic partners to “stand firm in the defense of democracy and human rights.”

Violence erupted on Wednesday afternoon as protesters set fire to a bus and a gas station, attacked police stations, and vandalized polling stations.

Amnesty International reported two deaths, a civilian and a police officer, during the protests.

The government has not yet commented on the casualties, but it imposed a curfew in Dar es Salaam, where the majority of protests took place.

Despite these measures, protests continued into the night. The government also instructed public servants to work from home on Thursday to limit non-essential movement.