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The order hereby imposes “additional ad valorem duties on goods of certain trading partners.”

Most of the new tariff rates range from 10 percent to 40 percent, according to an annex to the release from the White House.

The new tariff rates will take effect seven days after the date of the executive order with exceptions on logistical grounds.

Trump noted in the executive order that some U.S. trading partners, despite having engaged in negotiations, have offered terms that do not sufficiently address “imbalances” in trading relationship or have failed to align sufficiently with the United States on “economic and national security matters.”

“There are also some trading partners that have failed to engage in negotiations with the United States or to take adequate steps to align sufficiently with the United States on economic and national security matters,” he said.

According to the order, the U.S. Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, together with other senior officials, shall publish every six months a list of countries and specific facilities used in circumvention schemes, to inform public procurement, national security reviews, and commercial due diligence.

In addition, major U.S. governmental agencies are directed and authorized to take “all necessary actions” to implement and effectuate this order, consistent with applicable law, including through temporary suspension or amendment of regulations or notices.

In a statement issued on Thursday, July 31, the EAC Secretariat warned that unilateral measures restricting freedoms guaranteed under the EAC Common Market Protocol undermine the bloc’s efforts toward regional economic integration.

“Partner States shall not reverse or restrict sectors and trades they have previously liberalised,” the Secretariat said, adding that “unilateral backtracking on these commitments is inconsistent with the obligations under the Protocol.”

The statement comes just three days after the Government of Tanzania gazetted a directive prohibiting non-citizens from engaging in a wide range of business activities. The new restrictions, published on July 28, prevent foreigners from operating mobile money services, repairing electronic devices, running tour companies, or engaging in small-scale mining and media operations, among other sectors.

The order, issued by Trade Minister Selemani Saidi Jafo, also limits foreign involvement in real estate, parcel delivery, cleaning services, salon operations (unless tourism-related), and wholesale and retail trade, except for supermarkets and speciality outlets that support local producers.

Under the new regulations, foreign nationals found violating the ban face fines of no less than 10 million Tanzanian shillings (approximately Frw 5.6 million), up to six months in prison, and the revocation of residence permits and visas. Tanzanians aiding such activities also risk penalties of up to 5 million shillings or three months’ imprisonment.

Tanzanian authorities say the decision is aimed at protecting local businesses and promoting citizen participation in the economy. However, critics warn it could damage cross-border trade and investment, particularly within the EAC framework that guarantees the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital.

The EAC Secretariat noted that the Common Market Protocol, ratified by all Partner States, prohibits reversing liberalised sectors and commits countries to resolving disputes amicably through established institutions.

The Secretariat added that it is reviewing compliance levels among Partner States and will present its findings during the next meeting of the Sectoral Council on Trade, Industry, Finance and Investment.

“The EAC remains committed to fostering a seamless regional integration process,” the statement said, urging Partner States to uphold the principles outlined in the Treaty and Protocols governing the Community.

The East African Community (EAC) is a regional bloc consisting of eight countries: Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. Somalia became a full member in March 2024.

He emphasized that neither governments nor faith-based institutions can address Africa’s pressing challenges alone — a principled partnership is required, rooted in “integrity, mutual respect, and a shared vision for justice.”

The Prime Minister made these remarks on July 31, 2025, during the official opening of the 20th Plenary Assembly of the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM), held in Kigali.

Speaking on behalf of President Paul Kagame, Dr. Nsengiyumva welcomed church leaders and partners from across Africa, calling their presence in Rwanda “a sign of solidarity and a powerful message of shared commitment to the values of hope, reconciliation, and peace.”

“This theme — Christ, Source of Hope, Reconciliation, and Peace — is deeply relevant not only to Rwanda’s journey, but to Africa’s broader transformation,” he said. “It echoes the complex but determined path we have taken to rebuild our country after the Genocide against the Tutsi in 1994.”

He acknowledged the Catholic Church’s vital role in Rwanda’s post-genocide recovery and social development.

“The Church’s contribution to our transformational journey is recognized in the history and lives of our country. In sectors like education, health, and social cohesion, its impact is not only felt — it is deeply appreciated,” he said.

Looking beyond Rwanda, Dr. Nsengiyumva challenged SECAM delegates to explore how the Church can continue to play a constructive role in Africa’s future, particularly in conflict resolution, youth empowerment, environmental stewardship, and ethical leadership.

“Africa is at a crossroads. The wounds of the past are still healing, and new global pressures are emerging,” he said. “But within these challenges lies a unique opportunity for renewal. The Church in Africa, as a voice of conscience, has a vital role to play in inspiring ethical leadership, promoting dignity, and reinforcing the moral compass of our nations.”

Dr. Nsengiyumva also reaffirmed Rwanda’s readiness to work hand-in-hand with religious institutions to build a more just, peaceful, and inclusive society.

“We stand ready, as a government and as a people, to continue building inclusive partnerships with faith-based actors committed to service, equity, and peace.”

The Archinbishop of Kigali, Cardinal Antoine Kambanda praised the growth of the Catholic Church in Rwanda despite the devastating impact of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

He commended Rwanda for prioritizing national unity and reconciliation in the post-genocide era.

Cardinal Kambanda also expressed deep gratitude to President Kagame for his leadership and political will to support unity and reconciliation, highlighting the Church’s own contribution to this journey.

He added that Rwanda serves as a significant example from which the rest of the world can learn.

SECAM’s Secretary General, Rev. Fr. Rafael Simbine, noted that over the past 20 assemblies, the symposium has played a key role in the growth and mission of the Church in Africa.

The Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda, Arnaldo Sanchez Catalan, delivered Pope Francis’ message to, highlighting the Vatican’s appreciation for the recent peace agreement between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, facilitated with support from the United States.

He stated that the peace deal was a positive political step toward resolving longstanding conflicts.

Catalan emphasized that this SECAM gathering in Kigali aims to explore how the Catholic Church can actively contribute to peacebuilding, healing, and dialogue across Africa.

The President of SECAM and Archbishop of Kinshasa, Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo Besungu, applauded Rwanda’s hospitality and stressed that the Catholic Church must enhance its efforts in reconciling communities and promoting unity, encouraging collective action across Africa.

“This year’s theme resonates strongly in these times of conflict affecting many African countries,” he said. “The Church in Africa must become a symbol of reconciliation, justice, and peace. We must walk together as a family of God’s children, called to be witnesses, peacemakers, and prophets of hope in a world longing for light.”

“This assembly is an opportunity to reinforce the internal cohesion of SECAM, encourage dynamic leadership, and deepen synergy between our regional conferences. In everything, we want to walk together as one Church, united in faith, mission, and service,” he said.

The 20th Plenary Assembly of SECAM which opened on Thursday, beginning with a Mass at Regina Pacis Parish in Remera, part of the Archdiocese of Kigali, continues through August 3, 2025.

After the Mass, the sessions continued at the Kigali Convention Centre, bringing together 13 Cardinals, 100 bishops, over 70 priests, and numerous lay participants to reflect on the Church’s role over the next 25 years.

The assembly will close with a major youth-attended Mass in Kibeho, a revered Catholic pilgrimage site in Rwanda.

The meeting was attended by observers from the United States, the State of Qatar, the Republic of Togo (representing the African Union), and the African Union Commission.

According to a joint statement released on Thursday night, the Joint Oversight Committee serves as a platform for both implementation and dispute resolution. It is mandated to handle complaints regarding violations of the agreement, take corrective measures, and help settle disputes amicably.

“The Committee is responsible for receiving complaints about violations of the agreement, taking appropriate measures to address violations, and amicably settling disputes,” the joint statement released by the U.S. Department of State spokesperson reads in part.

During the meeting, committee members selected their chairpersons, established the terms of reference for future engagements, reviewed progress made so far, and prepared for the first session of the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism scheduled for August 4 in Washington.

The peace agreement includes two core commitments: dismantling the FDLR armed group, deemed a threat to Rwanda and the region, and lifting Rwanda’s defensive measures. Both steps are to be guided by a mutually agreed roadmap from October 2024 under the Luanda process.

Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe told Rwanda’s Parliament on July 30 that the Joint Security Coordination Mechanism would be responsible for these actions and has been given a 90-day mandate, extendable by 30 days.

The Rwandan government has reiterated that the dismantling of the FDLR, comprising remnants of the perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, must precede any easing of its defensive posture.

Rwanda Defence Force spokesperson Brig. Gen. Ronald Rwivanga stated in June 2025 that the FDLR consists of an estimated 7,000 to 10,000 fighters. UN expert reports have indicated the group cooperates with DRC forces and armed coalitions such as the Wazalendo alliance, including CMC-FDP and APCLS.

According to a statement from the Office of the President, the two leaders discussed ongoing cooperation and the future of Rwanda’s collaboration with the Bank, ahead of Dr. Tah’s official assumption of office in September.

Dr. Tah, a former Mauritanian finance minister, was elected in May to lead the AfDB, succeeding Nigeria’s Akinwumi Adesina, whose ten-year tenure concludes later this year.

He secured more than three-quarters of shareholder votes in a tightly contested election, beating four other candidates, including Senegal’s Amadou Hott and South Africa’s Bajabulile Swazi Tshabalala.

He is expected to formally begin his term on September 1, taking charge of an institution that has played an increasingly pivotal role in Rwanda’s infrastructure and energy development.

The African Development Bank has, in recent years, scaled up its support to Rwanda, financing major infrastructure and energy initiatives aligned with the country’s Vision 2050.

In July, the Bank approved over €173 million (approximately Frw 288 billion) to support the government’s Energy Sector Result-Based Financing (RBF II) program.

The initiative seeks to modernise the electricity grid, expand access to clean energy, and strengthen institutional capacity. An additional €86 million in co-financing will come from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), raising the total project envelope to more than €260 million.

The program is expected to connect 200,000 households to the national grid, provide 50,000 off-grid electricity connections, and distribute clean cooking devices to 100,000 households and hundreds of public institutions. Street lighting is also planned across 200 kilometres of roads in Rwanda’s secondary cities.

The energy initiative builds on a $305 million program launched by the Bank in 2018 and forms part of AfDB’s High-5 priorities, particularly “Light Up and Power Africa” and “Improve the Quality of Life for the People of Africa.”

In June, the AfDB also approved a $500,000 grant to fund a feasibility study for Kigali’s proposed urban cable car system, which aims to become the first of its kind in sub-Saharan Africa.

The 5.5-kilometre aerial transit line is expected to ease traffic congestion in the capital, cut carbon emissions, and provide fast, affordable mobility options to tens of thousands of commuters daily.

The project, valued at $100 million, will link major transport corridors, including Nyabugogo Taxi Park, the Central Business District, the Kigali Convention Centre, and key sports and entertainment venues. Construction is set to begin in late 2026, with commissioning expected in 2028.

The initiative is aligned with Rwanda’s Green Taxonomy, E-Mobility Strategy, and its Climate and Nature Finance Strategy. The project also supports the country’s goal to reduce carbon emissions by 38% by 2030 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

AfDB officials have praised the project as a model for green and inclusive public transport systems across Africa.

Thursday’s meeting comes as Rwanda prepares for a new phase in its partnership with the AfDB under Dr. Tah’s leadership. His visit to Kigali, ahead of his swearing-in, is seen as a signal of continued collaboration and mutual confidence.

In the previous legislature, the Assembly included representatives from CNDD-FDD, CNL, and UPRONA. According to the law governing parliamentary operations, the bureau is required to consist of three members from different political parties.

However, on July 29, 2025, as lawmakers convened to vote on a revised internal parliamentary regulation, disagreement emerged over the provision mandating that the bureau be composed of a President and two Vice Presidents from different parties. Some MPs argued that this requirement no longer applied in a one-party legislature and could be misleading.

Former Speaker of the National Assembly, Gelase Daniel Ndabirabe, proposed replacing the phrase “must be composed” with “may be composed” of members from different political parties, citing the current reality in which CNDD-FDD holds all the seats.

“You could say, ‘may be from multiple parties,’ but let’s not enforce that multi-party requirement outright. If we do, won’t outsiders claim, ‘We told you so’?” Ndabirabe remarked.

MP Bikebako Gerard warned that the term “may” could also introduce ambiguity and instead suggested removing the entire clause referencing multi-party composition altogether.

“The word ‘may’ might cause more confusion than simply removing the phrase ‘must include multiple parties,’ especially since future assemblies might operate under different political circumstances. If, for instance, the law remains the same, but only CNDD-FDD is represented, where would we find other parties to meet the requirement?” he said.

MP Zache Misago argued that criticism about a single-party parliament was to be expected but reflected the will of the people.

“Outsiders will keep saying this is a one-party legislature, and we should be ready for that—because it’s what the citizens chose.”

MP Rédempteur Gahitira pointed out that although CNDD-FDD holds 108 out of 111 seats, the remaining three belong to representatives of the Batwa ethnic group, some of whom may be affiliated with other political parties such as CNL or UPRONA. He suggested that the Batwa MPs could satisfy the legal requirement for political diversity in the bureau.

“Today, we have 111 members in the National Assembly—108 from CNDD-FDD and three Batwa. Among the Batwa, one might be from CNL, another from UPRONA. Yet, we insist this is a one-party parliament? How does that add up?” he asked.

However, MP Emmanuel Ndorimana rejected Gahitira’s argument, clarifying that the Batwa representatives were not elected to represent political parties but their ethnic group. Therefore, he said, they should not be counted toward political diversity in the bureau.

“Listening to this discussion, one might think we’re afraid of being called a one-party parliament. But even if that’s said, it’s the result of the people’s choice. The three Batwa MPs were not officially elected under any party banner, so we cannot assume their affiliation,” Ndorimana stated.

After nearly four hours of debate, lawmakers agreed to amend the provision, replacing “must be composed” with “may be composed” of members from different political parties. The change legally accommodates the current single-party scenario without violating the existing Constitution.

On July 31, 2025, following the amended law, Gelase Daniel Ndabirabe was re-elected Speaker of the National Assembly, Fabrice Nkurunziza was elected First Deputy Speaker, and Boussessia Nkezimana was elected Second Deputy Speaker.

The ceasefire, facilitated by the State of Qatar, included commitments by both parties to remain within their respective zones of control, halt any further territorial advances, and cease hostilities to enable meaningful peace negotiations. The agreement was viewed as a critical step toward a broader peace accord.

However, in a statement issued on July 30, AFC/M23 spokesperson Lawrence Kanyuka alleged that even before the ceasefire was formalised, the DRC government and its coalition forces had already deployed large numbers of Burundian troops to various locations in South Kivu Province, including Luvungi, Lubarika, Masango, and Kihumba.

Kanyuka detailed several incidents which he said amounted to deliberate breaches of the ceasefire. According to him, on July 18, coalition forces destroyed civilian homes, looted over 150 livestock in the Gahwera area, and sent reinforcements to areas such as Boko, Kabumbe, and Mukwezi, reportedly with the aim of encircling Bijombo and other villages home to members of the Banyamulenge community.

“On July 21, multiple attacks were launched in Kahororo, Dengu, and Buzeke within the Minembwe region. The following day, an assault occurred in Luke and surrounding areas of Masisi territory. On July 23, the densely populated area of Bukununu in Lubero was also attacked,” Kanyuka reported.

He went on to allege that on July 25, government troops attacked Luke, located in the Nyamaboko I groupement. The following day, on July 26, coalition forces reportedly carried out another offensive in Bitonge, escalating tensions further despite the ceasefire being in effect.

On July 29, Kanyuka said an attack targeted civilians in Minyanja and nearby areas. A shell struck a Fuso truck in Giseguro, approximately 17 kilometres from Kiwanja, resulting in the deaths of four civilians. He described this as one of the most recent and tragic violations.

According to Kanyuka, the most recent breach occurred on the morning of July 30, when DRC coalition forces allegedly launched yet another attack in Muheto, a densely populated area of Masisi. He stressed that these repeated military actions continue to cause significant civilian casualties and displacement.

He emphasised that such violations undermine the credibility of the DRC government’s commitment to the peace process.

While reaffirming AFC/M23’s willingness to resolve the conflict through political dialogue, Kanyuka warned that the group also bears the responsibility of protecting civilians and would take decisive action to neutralise any security threats.

“AFC/M23 remains committed to peace but cannot stand by as civilians are attacked. We have a duty to defend our people,” he stated.

Despite the ceasefire signed on July 19, AFC/M23 accuses the DRC government of demonstrating bad faith and continuing military operations in violation of the agreed terms.