The official inauguration of the water pipeline took place on Thursday, August 14, 2025. The pipeline features 30 water collection points that will supply water to residents in these 14 villages of Kiyombe Sector. The project, which cost Frw 309 million , was funded with contributions from various partners.
Jean Pierre Hakizimana, a resident, expressed his gratitude for the provision of clean water, describing it as a significant blessing. He thanked the President of Rwanda for thinking about the welfare of the people and ensuring their well-being.
He said: “This project has saved us from the long hours we used to spend looking for water. It has also protected us from the risks of diseases caused by contaminated water. Now, our children go to school early, and parents have more time to engage in activities that help improve their lives because clean water is now available.”
Domina Mujawamariya, a resident of Nyamirembe Village, shared that they used to drink rainwater, which made them vulnerable to frequent illnesses. She expressed her appreciation for the leadership that provided them with clean water, noting that the community is now thriving and happier.
Nyagatare District Vice Mayor in charge of economic development, Matsiko Gonzague, thanked the development partners who helped build the water supply system for the residents. He encouraged the community to take good care of the water infrastructure, as it plays a vital role in improving hygiene.
“When communities have easy access to clean water, their health improves. Children can go to school without the burden of long walks to fetch water. Additionally, it boosts household productivity and enhances overall cleanliness,” he noted.
Currently, water supply projects in Nyagatare District are ongoing, and the district has achieved 78% coverage providing clean water to its residents.
Here are 10 things to know about Kibeho that highlight its spiritual, cultural, and educational importance.
{{1. Site of Marian Apparitions
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Kibeho gained international recognition as the site of Marian apparitions that began in 1981. Several young students including Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka, and Marie-Claire Mukangango from Kibeho’s local schools, reported seeing visions of the Virgin Mary, describing her as weeping and delivering messages of warning and hope. These apparitions were unusual because they occurred during a period of political tension in Rwanda, giving the messages a profound social and spiritual resonance.
The apparitions were initially met with scepticism by the local clergy and authorities, as is common with claims of supernatural experiences. Yet, as the phenomena continued and more witnesses reported similar visions, the Catholic Church took note, sending investigators to document and verify the accounts. These visits helped confirm that the experiences were deeply affecting the local community and carried a consistent moral and spiritual message.
Eventually, the Vatican officially recognised the apparitions in 2001, declaring Kibeho a legitimate site of Marian visitation. This recognition elevated the site from a local curiosity to a place of global pilgrimage, drawing visitors seeking spiritual guidance, reflection, and a deeper understanding of the messages delivered during the apparitions.
Every year, particularly on August 15 during the Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Catholic faithful gather at the apparition site to celebrate Mass, participate in processions, and engage in prayers, making Kibeho a focal point for spiritual reflection and devotion.
{{2. Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows
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In response to the apparitions, Kibeho became home to the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows (Notre-Dame des Douleurs). The shrine is a large complex designed to accommodate thousands of pilgrims, featuring a main church, prayer areas, and smaller chapels where visitors can meditate and light candles. Over the years, the site has been expanded and improved to meet the growing influx of pilgrims from Rwanda and abroad.
The shrine’s design reflects both Rwandan culture and Catholic tradition, blending local architectural styles with spaces intended for reflection and prayer. Visitors often participate in Mass, Eucharistic adoration, and processions that replicate aspects of the original apparitions, helping to connect them spiritually to the experiences reported by the visionaries.
Beyond its religious function, the shrine has become a cultural landmark, highlighting Rwanda’s rich spiritual heritage. It is not only a place of worship but also a centre for moral and educational activities, offering retreats, workshops, and seminars that teach both religious and social values to the local population and visitors.
{{3. Prophetic Messages
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The messages reported by the Kibeho visionaries were deeply prophetic, warning the faithful about the dangers of sin and division. Many observers noted that the visions included specific warnings about the suffering Rwanda would face in the early 1990s. According to witnesses, the Virgin Mary implored the community to turn toward God, embrace reconciliation, and pray for peace.
These prophetic warnings gave the apparitions a sense of urgency and relevance, as the country at the time was grappling with political tensions and social divisions. The messages emphasised moral responsibility, compassion, and the consequences of hatred.
Today, the prophetic nature of Kibeho’s apparitions is often cited by scholars and pilgrims alike as evidence of the visions’ spiritual authenticity. Pilgrims visit the site not only to honour the Virgin Mary but also to reflect on the lessons of history and the importance of peace, unity, and forgiveness in Rwandan society.
{{4. Witnesses Were Primarily Young People
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One of the most remarkable aspects of the Kibeho apparitions is that the visionaries were mostly young students, ranging from children to teenagers. Unlike many other reported Marian apparitions worldwide, which often involve adults, Kibeho’s visionaries were chosen from local school communities, emphasising the innocence and purity of youth as a vehicle for divine communication.
These young witnesses described seeing the Virgin Mary in vivid, emotionally charged visions, often accompanied by intense spiritual experiences such as fainting, crying, or prolonged periods of prayer. Their youthfulness lent credibility to the apparitions, as their honesty, innocence, and lack of social or political power made deliberate fabrication unlikely.
The emphasis on young witnesses also served as a moral lesson: that even the youngest members of a community bear responsibility for spiritual vigilance and ethical conduct. Pilgrims today, particularly young visitors, are inspired by this aspect of Kibeho, as it demonstrates that age is no barrier to spiritual insight or moral courage.
{{5. A Modern-Day Pilgrimage Site
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Kibeho has become a major pilgrimage destination, often compared to sites like Lourdes in France or Fatima in Portugal.
Thousands of pilgrims, both from Rwanda and across the world, flock to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Kibeho, particularly on August 15 (Assumption Day) and November 28 (the anniversary of the first apparition). Pilgrims visit the main church, the chapel of the apparitions, and a fountain believed to have healing properties.
The site is considered a place of spiritual healing, where people pray for themselves, their families, and their communities.
Visitors often light candles, kneel at designated prayer areas, and participate in reflection sessions led by priests and spiritual guides. The rituals performed at Kibeho are designed to promote moral introspection, repentance, and the cultivation of virtues such as compassion and forgiveness. Many pilgrims report personal experiences of peace, comfort, and spiritual clarity after their visits.
The healing aspect of Kibeho is not limited to personal prayer; it extends to communal reconciliation. After the genocide, the shrine played an important role in helping communities process trauma, forgive, and rebuild social trust. As such, Kibeho is seen not only as a site of individual spirituality but also as a beacon for societal healing and unity.
Among notable visitors to the site is the former President of Poland, Andrzej Duda, who visited in February 2024 while serving as Head of State.
{{6. Kibeho Genocide Memorial
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The Kibeho Genocide Memorial was established to honour the victims of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi who were killed in and around the Kibeho Parish. The main memorial is located at the church itself, which was a site of mass slaughter. Thousands of Tutsis had sought refuge in the church, believing it to be a place of safety, only to be attacked and killed by Interahamwe militia.
{{7. Annual Feast Days
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The shrine at Kibeho celebrates special feast days, with the most important occurring on November 28, the anniversary of the first apparition. These events attract thousands of pilgrims who come to participate in processions, Masses, and communal prayers. The celebrations provide an opportunity for spiritual renewal and a deep connection with the legacy of the visionaries.
Feast days are marked by both solemn religious observances and vibrant cultural expressions, such as traditional Rwandan music and dance. Pilgrims often engage in group prayers, candlelight vigils, and confession, reinforcing the messages of repentance, reconciliation, and moral responsibility.
For the local community, these annual celebrations are also economically and socially significant. They bring visitors from across the country and the world, fostering a sense of pride, unity, and spiritual significance that strengthens both the community and the broader Rwandan identity.
{{8. Integration with Local Culture
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Kibeho is not only a spiritual site but also a place where local Rwandan culture intersects with Catholic tradition. Pilgrims often experience traditional music, dance, and community hospitality during their visits. The shrine incorporates Rwandan artistic expressions in its architecture, ceremonies, and spiritual practices, creating a unique cultural and religious experience.
Local artisans and communities benefit from the influx of visitors, offering souvenirs, crafts, and traditional food. This integration helps preserve cultural heritage while enhancing the spiritual journey of pilgrims, who can experience both the sacred and the cultural dimensions of Rwanda.
The blending of faith and culture also facilitates intergenerational learning. Young Rwandans visiting Kibeho learn not only about religious devotion but also about their heritage, reinforcing national pride and cultural identity alongside spiritual growth.
{{9. Educational Centre
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Kibeho has become a hub for moral and spiritual education, particularly for youth. Several institutions have been established near the shrine, including Ecole Technique Kibeho, Saint Joseph Kibeho School, and retreat centres like Kibeho Marian Centre, which offer programs focused on teaching children and adolescents about the significance of the apparitions, moral responsibility, and spiritual development.
These programs often include instruction on prayer, ethical behaviour, reconciliation, and social responsibility, reflecting the messages delivered during the apparitions. By targeting the youth, Kibeho ensures that the next generation grows up with a strong sense of moral awareness, ethical grounding, and spiritual reflection. Students regularly participate in retreats, community service projects, and workshops that reinforce these values.
Educational initiatives also extend to adults and community leaders, with seminars and retreats designed to promote ethical leadership, peace-building, and community cohesion. As such, Kibeho functions not only as a place of worship but also as a centre for comprehensive moral and spiritual education, reinforcing its status as a cornerstone of Rwandan spiritual life.
{{10. Global Recognition
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Kibeho’s significance extends far beyond Rwanda. Following the Vatican’s recognition of the apparitions, the shrine has received international attention, attracting pilgrims and researchers from across the globe. Its reputation as a site of prophecy, healing, and spiritual insight has made it a destination for those seeking religious inspiration, moral guidance, or historical understanding.
Global recognition has also led to increased collaboration with Catholic organisations worldwide. Pilgrims from Europe, North America, and other parts of Africa visit Kibeho for retreats, spiritual formation, and peace-building programs, making it a truly international centre of faith.
This worldwide interest highlights the universal appeal of Kibeho’s messages: repentance, reconciliation, and moral responsibility. While deeply rooted in Rwandan history and culture, Kibeho offers lessons and inspiration for people everywhere, bridging the local and global dimensions of faith and human experience.
He emphasized that challenges such as drunkenness, violence, and drug abuse remain persistent threats to community security across the country.
Dr. Habimana delivered the remarks on 14 August 2025 during the official commissioning of 391 new DASSO officers at the Rwanda National Police Training School in Gishari, Rwamagana District.
The new cohort comprises 135 women and 256 men, making up the eighth intake of the organ. They will be deployed in six districts—Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyarugenge, Nyagatare, Rusizi, and Rwamagana—where they will support local governments in maintaining law and order.
In his address, the Minister commended parents and families who encouraged their children to serve the nation through DASSO, noting that safeguarding security is both a demanding and noble responsibility that contributes directly to Rwanda’s progress and development.
He outlined key areas requiring urgent attention, pointing to the need for officers to work closely with communities and other institutions.
“We continue to face challenges such as drunkenness, theft, violence, drug abuse, loitering, school dropouts, poor service delivery, domestic violence, and other forms of misconduct,” Dr. Habimana said. “Tackling these issues requires collective effort so that every Rwandan can live in peace, safety, and dignity while contributing to national development.”
The Minister further underlined that since its establishment, DASSO has made significant contributions to protecting people and property through strong partnerships with citizens and other security agencies. He reaffirmed that the organ will remain central to sustaining Rwanda’s reputation as a country that enjoys safety and stability at all levels of society.
Established in 2013 by law, DASSO was created to support district authorities in maintaining security. Its officers undergo three months of intensive training in partnership with the Rwanda National Police before being deployed to serve in different districts.
According to multiple security sources, the dispute has intensified in recent weeks, with Ndayishimiye reportedly weighing the possibility of removing Niyongabo from his post — a move insiders say would be politically risky given the president’s weakening grip on power.
The latest flashpoint came on August 5, when Gen. Niyongabo dispatched soldiers to Mpimba prison in Bujumbura to forcibly free two detained colonels. The officers had been arrested under presidential orders on accusations of smuggling minerals from South Kivu into Burundi, as well as using army logistics vehicles to transport fuel and textiles.
Rather than face further investigation, they were swiftly sent back to eastern DRC under the army chief’s protection, without Ndayishimiye’s approval.
Military and local sources in Uvira, South Kivu, claim that Burundian army convoys routinely ferry food, weapons, and equipment into the DRC, returning at night loaded with minerals. A senior intelligence officer intimated that the president views Niyongabo as a key player in this illicit trade.
The tension is rooted in a lucrative arrangement signed in August 2023 between Ndayishimiye and Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi. The deal deployed around 20,000 Burundian troops to fight alongside Congolese forces against the M23 rebellion, with reports indicating that Tshisekedi pays $5,000 per soldier per month directly to Ndayishimiye. Soldiers, however, receive only their standard pay — about $70 for lower ranks and $100 for officers.
While the president has allegedly kept these earnings to himself, insiders say Niyongabo now wants a share of the spoils, creating a dangerous split at the top of Burundi’s military command.
The deployment has come at a high cost. Hundreds of Burundian soldiers have reportedly been killed in North Kivu over the past year. Morale is sinking, and resistance is growing — in January, 48 soldiers from the 20th Battalion refused to redeploy, leading to their arrest on charges of mutiny.
Ndayishimiye’s political standing has also been eroded by economic hardship at home and criticism over a recent cabinet reshuffle seen as driven by loyalty rather than competence. Within the CNDD-FDD ruling party, both the president and the army chief are losing popularity, with Niyongabo increasingly cast as a businessman in uniform and Ndayishimiye accused of putting personal profit above national interest.
For now, the confrontation between the two men remains behind closed doors, but observers warn that the standoff could escalate, destabilising Burundi’s already fragile political and security landscape — and complicating its role in the volatile Great Lakes region.
Rwanda has set an ambitious target of earning USD 1.5 billion annually from exports by 2028/2029, a significant rise from the more than USD 839 million generated in 2023/2024. Achieving this goal will require not only improvements in agricultural practices and increased production, but also efficient systems to deliver produce to both local and international markets.
One of the major concerns has been raised by Kinvest, one of the seven large-scale companies operating in the Gabiro Agribusiness Hub, which spans 5,600 hectares across the Rwimiyaga and Karangazi sectors. The company, co-founded five years ago by American entrepreneur Jesse Ratichek, has expressed worries over limited logistics capacity to move its produce to buyers.
Ratichek, who has lived in Rwanda for nearly nine years, began commercial fruit and vegetable farming three years ago. Today, the company cultivates about 500 hectares in the Gabiro Agribusiness Hub and an additional 70 hectares outside it.
Their crops include French beans, chili peppers, passion fruits, avocados, coffee, and others. However, the main concern remains how this product can reach markets efficiently and in good condition.
Speaking to IGIHE, Ratichek said: “By December 2025, we project to be harvesting between 450 and 550 tons of fruits and vegetables per month. While we have managed to overcome several challenges, the key issue remains the ability to deliver our products to the market on time.”
He further explained that such volumes need to be transported within three days of harvest to avoid spoilage.
“RwandAir informed me that its current capacity is around 500 tons per month. Yet my farm alone will be producing 500 tons monthly. Clearly, it is not possible for all my produce to be transported, since I cannot monopolize the available space. We have a strong partnership, but there is an urgent need to expand cargo capacity so that airlines can keep pace with the growing output from Rwandan farmers.”
Ratichek noted that if Rwanda is to significantly increase its export volumes, transportation capacity must grow in line with this ambition.
He explained that much of their produce is often transported using passenger flights, whereas in many other countries, agricultural exports are supported by dedicated cargo planes operating on a weekly basis.
“We also need cargo planes specifically dedicated to transporting our produce to markets in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe,” Ratichek said. “This requires substantial investment which we, as private companies, cannot afford on our own. However, we trust that the Government will make this investment.”
So far, Kinvest has invested more than USD 10 million. Ratichek emphasized that within five years, they aim to have invested between USD 30 million and USD 50 million in agriculture.
“I want to continue investing in Rwanda, but I need assurance that if I harvest 500 tons of fruits and vegetables in October 2025 and later inject another USD 20 million to increase production to around 3,000 tons per month, there will be sufficient market access,” he added.
Ratichek, who operates both a farming company and an export firm, currently employs between 700 and 900 people each month, depending on the agricultural season. He projects that by next year, his workforce will expand to 1,500 employees.
He further revealed that their produce has already begun reaching international markets in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and other European countries.
{{Rwanda plans to acquire another cargo aircraft}}
In 2022, RwandAir purchased its first cargo aircraft after years of preparation and planning.
The airline acquired a Boeing B737-800SF, with a payload capacity of at least 23 tons. The aircraft measures 39.5 meters in length, with a wingspan of 35.8 meters and a height of 12.6 meters.
Since the purchase, RwandAir has reaped significant benefits from cargo operations. In 2024 alone, the airline recorded a 33% increase in cargo volumes compared to the previous year. That year, RwandAir transported 6,113 tons of cargo, up from 4,595 tons in 2023, while in 2022, the figure stood at 3,774 tons, following 3,889 tons in 2021.
Reassuring Ratichek and other exporters, the Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Dr. Cyubahiro Mark Bagabe confirmed that the Government of Rwanda is now working to acquire an additional cargo aircraft.
“RwandAir is in the process of securing another cargo aircraft,” Dr. Bagabe explained.
“Since RwandAir is a state-owned airline, we are in regular discussions with them and we know this is already part of their plan. This is not speculation—it is a confirmed decision. To purchase such an aircraft, you must ensure sufficient cargo volumes, but now that the demand has been demonstrated, the acquisition will follow. RwandAir has several strategies in place to make this happen,” the minister added.
The Minister stressed that the concerns raised by agriculture investors are being taken seriously, particularly for exporters of fresh produce such as fruits and vegetables, where reliable cargo capacity offers a major advantage.
Beyond air transport, the Government is also strengthening agricultural value-chain infrastructure, including cold storage facilities, feeder roads, and other logistics systems, to ensure produce moves efficiently from farms to markets.
He highlighted ongoing efforts in developing large-scale farming hubs. For example, the 1,300-hectare site in Kayonza District and the 5,600-hectare Gabiro Agribusiness Hub in Eastern Province are expected to significantly boost production capacity.
“Roads are being constructed to ensure trucks transporting produce are not damaged in the process. We are also preparing the second phase of the Gabiro Agribusiness Hub, which will include cold storage facilities to preserve produce before it is delivered to the market,” Dr. Bagabe said.
While this feast day resonates deeply across the globe, here in Rwanda, it holds a unique and sacred significance. It beats in the hills of Nyaruguru, a place now known as Kibeho — Rwanda’s Holy Land.
Here, in the early 1980s, a story began that would touch countless lives and change the course of history in Rwanda. This is the story of Kibeho.
On November 28, 1981, a 16-year-old student named Alphonsine Mumureke, studying at Kibeho Secondary School, had an extraordinary experience.
Around 12:35 PM, while eating lunch with her classmates, Alphonsine saw a Lady — a woman of unimaginable beauty, dressed in white.
She introduced herself as Nyina wa Jambo, meaning “Mother of the Word.” Alphonsine, confused and overwhelmed, initially couldn’t believe what she was seeing.
When she tried to share her experience, her classmates didn’t believe her. Some laughed, while others accused her of making things up. But Alphonsine knew what she had seen. And soon, others began to have similar experiences.
In the following months, more visions appeared. On January 12, 1982, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka, another student at Kibeho, began seeing the same Lady.
Nathalie, known for her deep faith, shared her experience, and soon, on March 2, 1982, Marie-Claire Mukangango joined them. The three girls, seemingly ordinary students, were now seeing and speaking with the Virgin Mary.
By May 31, 1982, the apparitions moved outside. And by August 15, 1982, the visions were witnessed at the “Podium,” where a large crowd had gathered, eager to witness the events unfold.
These visions were not fleeting encounters. The Virgin Mary conveyed urgent and powerful messages.
She called for repentance, a conversion of heart, and a renewed focus on prayer, especially the Rosary of the Seven Sorrows. She reminded the visionaries — and by extension, all Christians that suffering is a part of the path to salvation.
The Catholic Church, known for its careful process in evaluating such claims, began an investigation into the apparitions.
In 1982, just one year after the first vision, both medical and theological investigations were launched. Experts monitored the girls’ behaviours and testimonies to ensure the experiences were genuine.
For years, the Church conducted thorough reviews. In 1988, after much study, public devotion was allowed at Kibeho. This was a clear sign that the Church found the apparitions credible. However, full official recognition wouldn’t occur until later.
Finally, on June 29, 2001, after years of investigation, the apparitions were officially recognised. Kibeho became the first Vatican-approved Marian apparition site in Africa.
This recognition marked a turning point. Kibeho was no longer just a remote site in southern Rwanda; it was now a sacred pilgrimage destination.
People began travelling from all over the world to witness the site where the Virgin Mary had appeared. Many believed in the miraculous properties of the water from the shrine’s fountain, which became a symbol of hope and healing for the faithful.
On Assumption Day, August 15, Kibeho transforms into a place of prayer. Thousands of pilgrims gather for Mass. The hills echo with songs of faith and deep devotion.
{{Fate of visionaries }}
The lives of the visionaries unfolded in different ways. Alphonsine Mumureke, the first to see the Virgin Mary, went on to become a nun, dedicating her life to prayer.
Nathalie Mukamazimpaka, who had returned to live in Kibeho, continues to be a spiritual presence at the shrine.
Sadly, Marie-Claire Mukangango’s life was tragically cut short, but her legacy lives on, inspiring all who visit.
Today, Kibeho is a vibrant spiritual destination. The once difficult journey to the shrine has been transformed by modern infrastructure, with paved roads and welcoming buildings.
The local community has embraced this development, ensuring that Kibeho remains a place of peace, healing, and spiritual renewal for generations to come.
Locals sell religious items like rosaries and crosses, while others offer food and refreshments to the pilgrims.
Kibeho’s influence has extended far beyond Rwanda. Pilgrims come from all corners of the globe to experience the divine presence that many believe still resides in this holy land.
Sosi was among the Ghanaian and Senegalese soldiers who chose to remain in Rwanda during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, even after most of the UN troops had been pulled out of the country.
He is currently in Rwanda on a seven-day visit with fellow veterans, including Maj Gen (Rtd) Clayton Boanubah Yaache (Ghana), Brig Gen (Rtd) Martin Owusu-Ababio (Ghana), Brig Gen Elhadji Babacar Faye ( Senegal) , Brig Gen Stephen Parbey (Ghana), Ex WO II Lucas Norvihoho and Ex WO I Sampson Agyare, also from Ghana.
On April 7, 1994, Belgium decided to withdraw its troops from Rwanda, which weakened MINUAR. On that date, it also launched a strong campaign calling for the termination of MINUAR, seeking to have all forces withdrawn from Rwanda.
On April 11, Belgian soldiers abandoned more than 2,000 refugees at ETO Kicukiro, where they were immediately killed by the Interahamwe militia and government soldiers.
Under Belgium’s pressure, on April 21, 1994, the UN Security Council decided to withdraw MINUAR from Rwanda, leaving only 270 soldiers without the capacity to protect the victims.
Maj (Rtd) Sosi said that although the official records state that 270 soldiers remained, in reality they were 318, because some refused to leave.
Some of the names of those who stayed were replaced with those of the departed in order to make the figures align on paper.
On August 14, 2025, when these soldiers visited the Kigali Genocide Memorial and the Campaign Against the Atrocities Museum at the Parliament, Maj (Rtd) Sosi said that the visit reminded him of many experiences, particularly in Kigali.
“I also stayed, but my name was not on their lists. My commander had already replaced me with someone else. He came and found me lying down and asked what I was doing. I told him that I had stayed and not left. When he asked me why, I told him it was my decision.”
He continued: “There are things we realized we never knew. There was information we did not know, because if we had known it, things would have been different. Here we have again heard how the RPA forces made the decision to liberate the country and confront the government army. All the information we were shown here at the memorial—if we had had it at that time, many things would have gone differently. But because we did not know, we were simply struggling to see if there was something we could do.”
During the Genocide against the Tutsi, these Ghanaian soldiers managed to save about 30,000 people.
Maj (Rtd) Sosi said: “You would find people camped in different places. What we did was to go there, and whenever we arrived, we looked for ways to evacuate them. We also guarded the places where they were. Sometimes the Interahamwe would come. I clearly remember a man they took from Amahoro Stadium and killed behind it. Afterwards I tried to find his family but could not.”
He said that what they witnessed affected him deeply, because he felt that as soldiers on a UN peacekeeping mission they had failed Rwanda.
He said: “I can say that as a mission we failed the people. But there were some of us who decided to remain behind and provide some support. I think we managed to do something, but if the proper system had been in place, we could have done much more.”
{{He was surprised by the RPA’s fighting}}
When the 600 RPA soldiers who were in Kigali came under attack from government forces based in Kanombe and Kacyiru, they held out until the Alpha battalion stationed in Gicumbi arrived in Kigali to reinforce them.
He said: “This is where the 600 were located. They performed well because when you are in a war surrounded by enemies, you need reinforcements, equipment, and soldiers to keep helping you. Because they were surrounded by enemies and all those problems, the only thing they could do was to fight and protect where they were. What they did was very good.”
Maj (Rtd) Sosi said one of the things that surprised him most was the way these forces fought.
He said: “I had never read about Paul Kagame’s way of planning battles. Before, we thought they were fighting without a goal, because there were times they left behind enemy positions and attacked elsewhere. We did not know that this was their plan.”
He said they avoided using “Fix and Destroy” [a method of combat where both sides engage in direct, heavy fighting until one side is crushed] because it causes heavy losses.
He said: “Instead they used ‘Fix and Bypass’ [a method of pinning the enemy in one place with part of your troops, while using others to outflank or seize key positions], which meant they did not lose many soldiers. This is the method they used until they captured Kigali.”
Maj (Rtd) Sosi also expressed delight at the special welcome to Rwanda in 2025.
“I have never been welcomed like this in any other country I have visited. The security, the way everything was organized, the travel assistance, the hotels, and everything else were very good. And I am enjoying the food, the fresh air in Kigali, and the people here. Honestly, I am thinking of moving here,” he noted.
According to Coursera, a leading global online learning platform, several in-demand skills span multiple industries and can be developed entirely online from anywhere in the world.
The following list presents the top 10 high-income skills to focus on in 2025, starting with the most sought-after.
{{1. Generative AI
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Generative AI is currently one of the fastest-growing and most valuable skills in the tech world. It involves working with AI models that can generate content—such as text, images, or even code—opening vast possibilities in creative industries, automation, and problem-solving.
Businesses worldwide are eager to hire professionals who can use AI tools effectively to improve efficiency and innovate new products.
Learning generative AI means understanding the fundamentals of machine learning, prompt engineering, and the practical application of AI frameworks. As AI technologies continue to advance, this skill is projected to offer some of the highest salaries and job growth opportunities. From creating AI-driven chatbots to automating complex workflows, generative AI experts have become crucial in modern enterprises.
“A growing number of businesses already rely on AI tools to increase their productivity, with even more businesses interested in finding ways to integrate AI into their workstream, business model, products, or services,” Coursera says in a blog post.
{{2. Data Analysis
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Data analysis is the process of examining, cleaning, and interpreting data to extract useful insights that drive informed business decisions. This skill is in demand across virtually every industry, from finance and healthcare to marketing and manufacturing. Companies increasingly rely on data-driven strategies, making skilled data analysts indispensable.
Mastering data analysis involves learning tools such as Excel, SQL, Python, and data visualisation platforms. Analysts transform raw data into meaningful stories that help leaders understand trends, forecast outcomes, and optimise operations. The ability to work with large datasets and provide actionable recommendations is a powerful asset.
{{3. Data Visualization
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Data visualisation complements data analysis by turning complex data into visual formats—like charts, graphs, and dashboards—that make information accessible and easy to understand. This skill helps decision-makers grasp insights quickly and supports clearer communication within organisations.
Effective data visualisation requires knowledge of tools such as Tableau, Power BI, or programming languages like Python and R to create compelling, interactive visuals. Beyond technical skills, good visualisation involves storytelling and design principles to highlight important trends and findings.
{{4. Cybersecurity
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Cybersecurity professionals protect organisations from cyber threats, data breaches, and attacks that can cause significant financial and reputational damage. As cybercrime grows in scale and complexity, the demand for experts who can secure networks, systems, and sensitive data has never been higher.
This skill requires knowledge of security protocols, ethical hacking, risk management, and regulatory compliance. Cybersecurity specialists implement defences, monitor threats, and respond to incidents to ensure the safety of digital assets. Their work is critical to maintaining trust in today’s interconnected world.
{{5. Software Engineering
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Software engineering involves designing, building, testing, and maintaining software applications that power everything from mobile apps to enterprise systems. This skill is the backbone of the digital economy and is highly compensated due to the complexity and impact of the work.
Professionals in this field must understand programming languages, software development methodologies, version control, and testing techniques. Software engineers work closely with other teams to deliver reliable, efficient, and scalable solutions tailored to business needs.
{{6. Web Development
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Web development is the process of creating websites and web applications that are functional, visually appealing, and user-friendly. It combines both front-end design (what users see) and back-end programming (how things work behind the scenes).
This skill requires proficiency in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks like React or Angular for front-end development, as well as knowledge of server-side languages and databases for back-end work. Web developers ensure that websites perform well across devices and meet accessibility standards.
{{7. Cloud Computing
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Cloud computing enables businesses to store and access data and applications over the internet rather than on local servers. This technology supports flexibility, scalability, and cost savings, making cloud specialists essential for modern IT infrastructure.
Experts in cloud computing manage cloud environments like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP). They ensure that systems are secure, reliable, and optimised for performance, often working in roles such as cloud architect, engineer, or administrator.
{{8. DevOps
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DevOps is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten development cycles and improve deployment quality. This skill fosters collaboration between teams and automates workflows, enabling faster and more reliable software releases.
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User Experience (UX) Design focuses on enhancing user satisfaction by improving the usability, accessibility, and enjoyment of digital products such as websites and apps. UX designers conduct research, create wireframes, and test prototypes to optimise user interactions.
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The club has also obtained the necessary International Transfer Certificate (ITC) to register Amissi, who joins from Al-Qadsiah FC in Saudi Arabia, where he last played two years ago.
Amissi had previously signed with Kiyovu last season but was unable to feature due to the sanctions. Last month, he was spotted training with Rayon Sports, showcasing his fitness and readiness.
“Kiyovu Sports has now settled all outstanding payments required to register new players,” said club spokesperson Minani Hemed.
The club continues to strengthen its squad ahead of the new season and is reportedly in advanced talks with defender Ishimwe Jean Rene from Marine FC.
This growth was driven by strong performance in data services and Mobile Money (MoMo). Additionally, the company marked a historic milestone with the commercial launch of 5G, a groundbreaking achievement that accelerates Rwanda’s digital transformation.
MTN Rwanda’s service revenue for the first half of 2025 grew by 13.1% to Frw 137.4 billion. Data revenue increased by 10.1%, reaching Frw 23.3 billion, while MoMo revenue surged by 29.1% to Frw 68.6 billion, reflecting the growing adoption of digital financial services.
“MoMo Rwanda continues to deepen its role in bridging the digital and financial inclusion gap across Rwanda,” said Chantal Kagame, CEO of MoMo Rwanda. “We’ve achieved robust growth in active users and merchant adoption, reflecting the platform’s trustworthiness and relevance in everyday life.”
Total subscribers increased by 3.5%, reaching 7.8 million, while active MoMo users grew by 9.1% to 5.6 million, underscoring MTN Rwanda’s leadership in digital services.
The company also saw a significant increase in its EBITDA, which rose by 43.7% to Frw 56.1 billion, with the EBITDA margin improving by 9.1 percentage points. Profit After Tax (PAT) rebounded to Frw 6.3 billion, recovering from a loss in the previous year.
“We are pleased to present our half-year results, showcasing strong growth across our business units,” said Dunstan Ayodele Stober, MTN Rwanda’s Ag. Chief Finance Officer. “EBITDA demonstrated a solid growth performance of 43.7%, achieving a commendable EBITDA margin of 40.4%. This reflects the strong execution of our cost transformation program and improved quality of our earnings.”
In June 2025, MTN Rwanda became the first telecom operator to commercially launch 5G in the country. This achievement is a significant step toward realizing Rwanda’s Vision 2050, enhancing digital service delivery across urban and rural communities.
With the successful launch of 5G, accelerated 4G migration, and relentless focus on cost efficiencies, Chief Executive Officer of MTN Rwanda Ali Monzer says the telecom is positioning itself to lead the market in both relevance and resilience.
“Our strategy is clear and proven: bold investment in future-ready infrastructure, precision in execution, and putting customers at the core of every decision we make. As CEO, I remain confident in our ability to sustain this momentum, unlock new growth frontiers, and deliver meaningful, consistent returns for our shareholders,” he states.
MTN Rwanda’s community investments were also highlighted during the period, with the company’s 21 Days of Y’ello Care campaign making an impact on local communities. MTN Rwanda provided 100 smartphones to Community Health Workers on Bugarura Island and distributed 100 solar kits to rural communities, ensuring connectivity for remote areas.
With continued investments in network infrastructure and digital services, MTN Rwanda is well-positioned to maintain strong performance in the second half of 2025.
The company’s focus on cost management, operational efficiency, and future-proofing its network is expected to drive sustained growth, ensuring long-term value for its shareholders and stakeholders.
