Blog

  • City of Kigali sets sights on major urban projects in 2025/2026 budget

    The City of Kigali has outlined key development projects for the upcoming budget year, starting in July 2025. These include the upgrading of the Nyabugogo Bus Terminal, urban planning improvements in various parts of the city, and initiatives aimed at enhancing the welfare of residents in informal settlements.

    The City plans to spend over Frw 251 billion in the 2025/2026 fiscal year, with this figure projected to increase to Frw 263 billion the following year, and Frw 306 billion by 2027/2028.

    Upgrading settlements in Mpazi, Nyabisindu, Nyagatovu, and Gatenga

    The City of Kigali continues its programme to improve residential areas across the city. Through the RUDPII project, upgrades will be made in Mpazi (Nyarugenge), Nyabisindu and Nyagatovu (Gasabo), and Gatenga (Kicukiro).

    The entire project is estimated to cost over Frw 53.9 billion, with Frw 26.9 billion allocated in the 2025/2026 budget. This initiative is jointly implemented with the Ministry of Infrastructure and is expected to significantly improve living conditions in these areas.

    Revamping Nyabugogo Bus Terminal

    One of the most highly anticipated projects is the revamp of the Nyabugogo Bus Terminal, which includes the creation of a dedicated bus lane.

    The total project cost is projected at Frw 288.6 billion, with completion expected by June 2030. Approximately Frw 13 billion is allocated for the 2025/2026 fiscal year.

    Though implementation was supposed to begin earlier, the project was delayed due to a funding shortfall, specifically Frw 1.2 billion, or 18% in taxes, which the government has yet to disburse.

    Completing road construction under the KIP project

    The Kigali Infrastructure Project (KIP), launched in 2020, aims to build 215 kilometres of roads.

    Completion is scheduled for 2030/2031, with a total projected cost of $404 million. So far, Frw 299 billion has been spent, and Frw 15 billion is allocated for the 2025/2026 budget.

    Challenges facing this project include a $150 million loan and a Frw 88 billion budget gap that the City is still working to cover.

    Upgrading settlements in Rwezamenyo and Kagugu

    Another significant housing project focuses on upgrading Rwezamenyo (Nyarugenge) and Kagugu (Gasabo) settlements.

    The total budget for this project is Frw 92 billion, with Frw 20 billion allocated for the 2025/2026 fiscal year. However, implementation still awaits a Frw 2 billion tax contribution (18% share) from the Government of Rwanda and a Frw 9 billion resettlement compensation fund.

    Community-cooperative road construction

    The City is also partnering with residents to build community access roads. Under this scheme, citizens contribute 30% of the cost, while the government covers the remaining 70%.

    So far, Frw 1.1 billion has been raised for the 2025/2026 budget. However, the project is challenged by the City’s limited capacity to supplement the numerous requests for road construction.

    Other planned developments

    Improvement of informal settlements in Mpazi and Nyabisindu, with Frw 1.47 billion allocated.

    There is also the installation of automated streetlights, with the project expected to cost over Frw 5 billion. The budget for next year includes ¥502 million (over Frw 4.9 billion) allocated for this project.

    Housing development in Mpazi Village will continue to be advanced.Plans for 2025/2026 include enhancing residential infrastructure across various neighbourhoods.Implementation of the KIP road construction project is set to continue.Plans include installing solar streetlights along Kigali’s roads.Dusengiyumva Samuel, the Mayor of Kigali, announced plans to launch a tree-planting programme.The City of Kigali plans to spend over Frw 251 billion for upcoming initiatives.isk_25-b05b3-2-03d19.jpgThe Nyabugogo Bus Terminal is set to undergo renovations.

  • RwandAir announces plans for new routes to Zanzibar and Mombasa

    In February 2025, the DRC banned Rwandan flights from using its airspace or landing on its territory, citing national security concerns.

    The move followed escalating tensions between the two countries, triggered by ongoing conflict between the DRC army and the M23 rebel group, which has controlled the city of Goma since January 27, 2025.

    Addressing journalists on Monday, Makolo expressed regret that political issues had interfered with aviation services.

    “We had to suspend some routes like Brazzaville, Abuja and Cotonou because the flight had become a bit long,” she noted.

    However, Makolo explained that RwandAir is now focusing on expanding its network in Eastern and Southern Africa.

    “We are putting that capacity on eastern and southern African routes and adding frequencies where possible,” she said.

    “We’re looking at opening new routes. I think more immediately, the first ones coming are Mombasa and Zanzibar. Until the issue is resolved, we’ll focus more on the eastern and southern sides of the continent,” added Makolo.

    Since late 2016, RwandAir had expressed interest in launching direct flights to New York, USA. The route was initially expected to begin by 2019, but the COVID-19 pandemic led to delays and a shift in strategic priorities.

    Makolo confirmed that the New York route is no longer an immediate priority for the airline.

    However, she noted that RwandAir connects passengers to five U.S. cities via Doha, through its codeshare partnership with Qatar Airways.

    RwandAir has announced plans for new routes to Zanzibar and MombasaThe CEO of RwandAir, Yvonne Makolo, has disclosed plans to roll out new strategies in response to service disruptions, including the Democratic Republic of Congo's (DRC) decision to block its airspace to the national carrier.

  • Ramaphosa speaks on relations with Kagame amid DRC mediation efforts

    Speaking during a panel at the Africa CEO Forum in Abidjan, Ramaphosa responded to perceptions of a strained relationship, saying, “People may think that President Kagame and I are in conflict. Some of you may have expected fireworks as we sit close to each other.”

    The South African Head of State’s remarks were part of a broader reflection on regional peace efforts in the DRC and the role of African-led initiatives.

    Ramaphosa praised the continental mediation frameworks, including the Nairobi and Luanda processes, as essential to building confidence and laying the groundwork for ceasefires and troop withdrawals, including the recent pullout of SADC forces from eastern DRC.

    “All these efforts have been building a very strong and firm foundation,” he said, adding that while international involvement is welcome, “we must also remember the principle that we have adopted as Africa: African solutions for African problems.”

    President Kagame, who also took part in the session, acknowledged the multiplicity of peace efforts, including those led by Qatar and the United States, but cautioned that none had yet succeeded fully.

    He called for greater coherence in African efforts and less dependence on external actors. “Much progress has been made. But there are things we still haven’t done,” Kagame said.

    The remarks came months after the two leaders sharply differed on conflicting statements over the conflict in the eastern DRC.

    Back in January, President Kagame accused South African officials, including President Ramaphosa, of distorting private conversations and misrepresenting Rwanda’s position on the conflict in eastern Congo, particularly regarding alleged warnings to Rwanda and the involvement of Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF) soldiers in the war between M23 rebels and Congolese forces.

    “What has been said… contains a lot of distortion, deliberate attacks, and even lies,” Kagame posted on his X account in response to a message shared by Ramaphosa.

    South Africa had deployed troops to the DRC under the Southern African Development Community Mission in the DRC (SAMIDRC), supporting Kinshasa’s military alongside various militias, including the FDLR—a group formed by the perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda.

    Kagame took issue with remarks made by South African Defence Minister Angie Motshekga, who claimed that Ramaphosa had warned Rwandan forces that continued hostilities against South African troops would be viewed as a declaration of war, following the deaths of 14 soldiers in clashes near Goma.

    SAMIDRC’s mission was terminated in March to allow for the resolution of the conflict through diplomatic means, and Rwanda has since granted safe passage to troops withdrawing from eastern DRC.

    President Paul Kagame and his South African counterpart, Cyril Ramaphosa, during the latter’s visit to Kigali in April 2024. On Monday, May 12, 2025, Ramaphosa addressed perceptions of tensions with Kagame amid ongoing efforts to mediate the protracted conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
    President Kagame, who also took part in the session, acknowledged the multiplicity of peace efforts, including those led by Qatar and the United States, but cautioned that none had yet succeeded fully.gqvsb9bwcaa4imi.jpgThe annual Africa CEO Forum brings together 2,000 leaders from over 70 countries.

  • Approximately Frw 700 billion allocated for construction of Bugesera airport, expansion of RwandAir

    The BFP reveals a Rwf 7,032.5 billion budget for 2025/26, marking a 21% surge from the prior year’s revised Frw 5,816.4 billion.

    Aligned with the National Strategy for Transformation (NST2) and Vision 2050, the budget prioritizes sustainable development and includes funding for key projects like the Bugesera airport, RwandAir expansion, and recovery efforts from the COVID-19 pandemic, May 2023 floods, and Marburg disease outbreak.

    The government projects Rwf 4,105.2 billion in domestic revenue (Frw 3,628.0 billion from taxes and Frw 477.2 billion from other sources), Frw 585.2 billion in external grants, and Frw 2,151.9 billion in loans to finance the budget.

    Expenditure is divided into Frw 4,395.1 billion for recurrent costs, such as salaries, and Frw 2,637.4 billion for capital investments.

    On May 8, 2025, Minister of Finance and Economic Planning Yusuf Murangwa presented the BFP, noting a Rwf 1,216.1 billion budget increase driven by accelerated construction of the Bugesera airport, RwandAir expansion, and new pension policies.

    Launched in 2017, the Bugesera airport’s first phase is slated for completion by 2027, with a capacity of 7 million passengers annually and employment for over 6,000 people.

    Qatar Airways, holding a 60% stake, supports the project, which is now 25–30% complete.

    Key infrastructure, including runways and drainage systems, is finished, with construction now focusing on vertical structures.

    The airport’s full completion by 2032 will enable it to serve 14 million passengers yearly.

    Rwanda has allocated  approximately Frw 701 billion for construction of Bugesera International Airport and expansion of RwandAir between 2025 and 2028

  • PM Ngirente urges regional collaboration to unlock aviation’s economic potential

    Dr. Ngirente made the remarks during the official opening of the 13th Aviation Stakeholders Convention at the Kigali Convention Centre on Monday, May 12, 2025.

    Addressing aviation leaders and policymakers from across the continent, Ngirente underscored the importance of collective efforts in shaping the future of African air travel. He said initiatives such as the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) are vital frameworks that require improved air connectivity to deliver on their promise.

    “Rwanda’s ambitions do not exist in isolation, and we all know that Africa’s growth is interconnected,” Ngirente stated. “An integrated African airspace will lower costs, improve competition, and unlock economic opportunities across the continent.”

    The Prime Minister praised RwandAir’s role in connecting Africa to the world, describing it as one of the fastest-growing airlines on the continent, now reaching over 100 destinations through direct and codeshare routes. He noted the airline’s growing popularity among young people, with nearly 2,000 applicants for its cadet pilot programme this year alone.

    Ngirente reaffirmed Rwanda’s commitment to investing in aviation infrastructure, including the expansion of Kigali International Airport and construction of the new Bugesera International Airport. These, he said, are more than transport projects—they are “economic multipliers” supporting trade, tourism, and employment.

    The new Bugesera International Airport, being constructed in partnership with Qatar Airways, is expected to be completed by 2028 at a cost of $2 billion.

    Calling on governments and industry players alike, the Prime Minister urged the creation of stable, transparent environments to foster innovation, cross-border cooperation, and sustainable growth within the aviation sector.

    “We must turn today’s commitments into real progress for the millions of Africans who will benefit from a connected, competitive, and sustainable aviation sector,” he said.

    The convention, organised by the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) in partnership with RwandAir, brings together stakeholders to explore strategies for innovation and sustainability under the theme “Sustainability. Collaborate. Innovate.”

    Dr. Ngirente appealed for regional collaboration during the official opening of the 13th Aviation Stakeholders Convention at the Kigali Convention Centre on Monday, May 12, 2025.The convention, organised by the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) in partnership with RwandAir, brings together stakeholders to explore strategies for innovation and sustainability under the theme “Sustainability. Collaborate. Innovate.”gqvmcfhxsae0hb7.jpg

  • Belgium: Rwandans in Antwerp honor victims of Genocide against the Tutsi

    Antwerp joined other Belgian cities—Brussels, Liège, Namur, Bruges, and Ottignies-Louvain-La-Neuve—that have held remembrance events this year.

    The commemoration began with a “Walk to Remember” from Marnixplaats in Antwerp, leading to the DIVA Museum. The evening continued with a remembrance ceremony in the district of Ekeren, in the province of Antwerp.

    Speaking at the event, Steve Rugamba, President of the Rwandan Community in Antwerp, highlighted the long history of persecution against the Tutsi in Rwanda.

    “From 1959 to 1994, Tutsi in Rwanda were systematically dehumanized. They were excluded, persecuted, displaced, and killed—portrayed as pests, like cockroaches or snakes, as evil to be eradicated. Children grew up believing some people were not worthy of life.

    “And then, in just a hundred days, words became actions. Over a million people were brutally slaughtered. No one was spared—not a child, not a mother, not a grandparent,” he said.

    Rugamba emphasized that remembrance is not just about the tragic events of 1994 but also about acknowledging the decades of silence, propaganda, and systemic discrimination that led to it.

    “We commemorate not out of habit, but out of duty—because we refuse to forget. To remember is to acknowledge, to learn, and to warn. We pay tribute to the victims and to the survivors, whose very existence is a form of resistance.”

    He praised the resilience of survivors, noting their strength in rebuilding lives and communities despite deep emotional and physical wounds.

    “Their ability to live with dignity, raise families, and pursue truth, even after such horror, proves that human dignity cannot be destroyed—even by hatred passed down through generations.”

    Rugamba also called on young people to take up the mantle of remembrance: “You, the youth of today and tomorrow, are not only heirs of this history—you are its guardians. Remembering means understanding how fear, division, and silence can lead to barbarity. Let ‘Never Again’ be more than a slogan. Let it be a commitment and a call to action.”

    The event featured a powerful testimony from Umunyana Claudette, who spoke of the discrimination she faced before 1994, the suffering she endured during the genocide—including rape and the loss of relatives—and how she survived despite deep physical and emotional trauma.

    Umunyana also shared a message of hope and healing, explaining how she chose to rise above hatred and raise her children in love, refusing to let a dark past define her future.

    Mutabazi Eugène, President of Ibuka-Belgium, reiterated the importance of remembrance and made a symbolic appeal for historical justice.

    “One important and powerful step that will allow us to fully and truthfully rebuild ourselves is for King Yuhi Musinga, who is kept in the Tervuren Museum in Belgium, to be returned to the Shyerezo memorial, to the land of his ancestors,” he stated.

    Gunther Vanpraet, Honorary Consul of Rwanda in Antwerp, stressed the importance of commemorating the victims and reaffirmed solidarity with survivors of the genocide.

    Commemorative activities across Belgium began on April 7, 2024, and are scheduled to continue in other cities including Mons, Charleroi, Tournai, and Leuven.

    The event featured a powerful testimony from Umunyana Claudette, who spoke of the discrimination she faced before 1994Gunther Vanpraet, Honorary Consul of Rwanda in Antwerp, stressed the importance of commemorating the victims and reaffirmed solidarity with survivors of the genocide.Steve Rugamba, President of the Rwandan Community in Antwerp, highlighted the long history of persecution against the Tutsi in Rwanda.Giramata Schmit facilitated discussionsebcaef3a-69e5-45d5-b1be-c317d36a88c2.jpgcad624ea-b5c0-4e8a-b0d2-400061ac710d.jpgc623e264-1b46-4949-9896-38232725a4b4.jpga80949b8-5fa7-4a2c-bbcb-a4ce5b346112.jpg3b2ac655-d5c6-4102-8afb-c8e0494e974d.jpgf4edde57-4bb5-4041-95a6-a94715e612c5.jpgef78995c-7ea3-429c-9a77-9a82c3558844.jpg7cb5c581-b0e0-4c24-8c6c-dd2805a502ec.jpg

    Walk to remember in Antwerp

    0dbff414-da4e-4fdb-ba5a-5db9be5bb45f.jpg0d6d51d5-7a3d-43ac-aee4-08c8cc04c450.jpg0ffe6ac9-54c9-43d9-885b-5173118c82b4.jpg1bc4395a-4a0a-4a96-9e90-99c1b0c86f83.jpg1d558ff5-ee9e-4bb9-8d56-3e7369f7aa8b.jpg1cddf4bb-e2e4-463c-a7db-f9a46fdfcd6c.jpg2e46f3a9-504f-4c31-bd77-015f4aef8829.jpg3a234880-1f48-410a-9db5-d8f4082841b0.jpg3ac2313e-d4fc-4110-9323-4d137c5f5230.jpg4b3a0519-3197-4175-808e-f6f353993cf1_1_.jpg5ce36399-c995-44b7-b50f-6d8d0c78b0eb.jpg6bb4c731-0631-4ae6-b074-d43aedb1ec0e.jpg6f061b7a-3d06-4f56-85eb-eb20c76baba8.jpg7eb4b745-4380-4f66-8231-1d0073df6932.jpg8f06f414-2c16-4516-8839-a106cbf97c09.jpg24aea41e-2b1a-4b0b-97f3-44c0c4205d90.jpg66c63f07-d8a2-4bc6-910e-a82b9c43a544.jpg85ce7bcc-5ccf-42fc-b73d-ddb80f321ded.jpg296ea877-40ba-4f0c-8574-4d2f99d5d01a.jpg4051b5cf-277d-47c3-bf57-3601d3c990db.jpg8224c599-506c-4c88-9d07-a446786c2172.jpg46210bab-490c-4017-a6c9-f13059224a01.jpg688190cf-cdd0-43db-9a5e-f6e7502713a5.jpg58627596-003a-403e-b3d4-52d995d31dd5.jpga48b07cb-7d7a-40b1-8c23-46b8f58234a8.jpgae25e437-8a46-4538-a83f-7141af4fb523.jpgb2d46a02-8a8f-4c1d-b843-3eadeb2b3d26.jpgba26dbdf-0bac-4544-8297-17483c591713.jpgc2253f49-6ea7-4da4-94e6-b884cb7ad3e3.jpgcd17eced-c319-4d10-8f2e-0e42e7d97c1d.jpgd4df0857-8cff-41dd-8f9e-4b5e9247c980.jpgd80ddab7-56bf-4caf-8e9b-9650c14efada.jpgd7513cf1-7ae0-40d3-abf8-62f2bebb120e.jpgdf193a6a-73f0-4b6e-b418-111e2260d94d.jpge7a5f801-bc74-4514-828f-005b94f81b14.jpgf11dcc93-8bd7-43d2-a8db-376f2ac75e0b.jpgf25b9bad-c280-4144-b69b-9ccee68b48a9.jpgfa49d271-a2d6-42a6-9d93-6385e0d4a9f0.jpg

    Commemoration talks

    1d558ff5-ee9e-4bb9-8d56-3e7369f7aa8b.jpgGunther Vanpraet, Honorary Consul of Rwanda in Antwerp, stressed the importance of commemorating the victims and reaffirmed solidarity with survivors of the genocide.8e7514a4-d111-46de-964e-f5ec1aeec234.jpg8f09bb10-177d-49da-a42d-279b107dae14.jpg9d6c594d-fac7-4327-b858-eb472e09544c.jpg9e97d558-3ed4-4b90-967e-4ff36993b07d_1_.jpg14e23fb9-53a5-4bbe-a390-6025202ff163.jpg39c99c22-869f-4ccb-a4c9-8ee0a95a27ad.jpg0063e491-67b0-481f-acff-a8e5b74083e7.jpg71ea45b7-524f-4fdb-88ba-a58afb44c1c7.jpg73ed66cb-3413-4091-beb4-289962d8cd86.jpg080c14e2-ec27-491c-943a-6d7206621a16.jpg86d2b6e4-4acc-4fb1-98c6-e676ac895183.jpg3876a18f-4772-4ab6-8fca-a5b0f4a94988.jpg9563c568-a311-4631-80de-9aac5e37bb95.jpg688190cf-cdd0-43db-9a5e-f6e7502713a5.jpgb53528a8-744e-418f-a200-0cd1920712ab.jpgbab17952-ca08-4370-957e-db3914d2d78e.jpgcad624ea-b5c0-4e8a-b0d2-400061ac710d.jpgf2e65952-d602-4a2d-ae4e-5491ad5e7fd5.jpgf4edde57-4bb5-4041-95a6-a94715e612c5.jpg

    karirima@igihe.com

  • President Kagame in Abidjan for Africa CEO Forum

    The annual summit brings together over 2,000 participants from more than 70 countries for two days of high-level discussions, debates, and networking sessions aimed at accelerating the private sector’s role in Africa’s development.

    On Monday morning, President Kagame is expected to join a distinguished panel of African leaders, including President Alassane Ouattara of Côte d’Ivoire, President Bassirou Diomaye Faye of Senegal, President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani of Mauritania, and President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa, for the forum’s official opening ceremony.

    Later, President Kagame will contribute to a presidential panel discussion on “Policies, Practices and Personalities Fit for the New World Order.”

    The session will focus on how African leadership can adapt to a shifting global landscape, where transactional geopolitics are becoming the norm, limiting traditional avenues of international cooperation for many African nations.

    Held under the theme “Africa in a Transactional World: Can a New Deal Between State and Private Sector Deliver the Continent a Winning Hand?”, this year’s forum emphasises the need for stronger collaboration between African governments and the private sector to unlock inclusive economic growth and resilience.

    Other prominent speakers at the 2025 edition include President John Dramani Mahama of Ghana, Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa of Tanzania, Prime Minister Amadou Oury Bah of Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire’s own Prime Minister Robert Beugré Mambé, among others.

    The Africa CEO Forum, founded in 2012, has become a vital platform for shaping Africa’s economic agenda, fostering dialogue between public and private sector actors, and promoting cross-border investment opportunities.

    The 2024 edition of the Africa CEO Forum took place in Kigali, Rwanda, from May 16 to 17. Building on the success of that summit, Rwanda has once again been selected to host the 2026 edition of the summit.
    President Paul Kagame is in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, to participate in the 2025 edition of the Africa CEO Forum, the continent’s premier gathering of business leaders, investors, and policymakers.

  • India reopens 32 airports for civilian flight operations after ceasefire with Pakistan

    The step was taken following a ceasefire agreement between the two countries reached on Saturday.

    In a statement on Monday, the state-owned Airports Authority of India said the 32 airports that were closed for civilian aircraft operations till 0529 hours local time of May 15 are now available for operations with immediate effect.

    The closure of these airports across northern and western parts of the country was announced after a military conflict that began last week between the two neighbours.

  • Algeria orders expulsion of French embassy staff over “protocol breaches”

    The move follows what Algerian authorities called “serious and repeated violations” by the French side, including the appointment of diplomatic and consular staff without prior notification or formal accreditation, in violation of international norms and bilateral agreements.

    According to APS, Algerian authorities recently identified at least 15 French employees assigned to missions in Algeria without completing the required procedures. Some had previously held service passports and were later issued diplomatic passports to ease their entry into the country.

    Among the 15 were two officials from France’s Interior Ministry, reportedly dispatched to take over the duties of 12 embassy staff expelled by Algeria last month after being declared personae non gratae.

    Algeria condemned the appointments, citing broader strains in bilateral ties, including repeated denials of entry to Algerian diplomatic passport holders by France and prolonged delays in accrediting Algerian consuls-general assigned to Paris and Marseille, along with seven other consular officials.

    In response, Algeria has demanded the “immediate expulsion” of all French personnel appointed under what it called “irregular” conditions and their prompt return to France.

    This marks the second expulsion of French diplomatic staff in less than a month. On April 14, Algeria ordered the removal of 12 French embassy employees following the detention of an Algerian consular officer in France — a move that prompted reciprocal action from Paris.

    The expulsion came as the diplomatic rift between Algiers and Paris has deepened in recent months due to disagreements over immigration issues and policies, historical grievances, and France’s backing of Morocco in disputes over Western Sahara, among others.

  • South Africa to open inquiry into DRC deployment, deaths of SANDF soldiers

    The revelation was made by Deputy Defence Minister Bantu Holomisa, who appeared before Parliament’s Joint Standing Committee on Defence on Friday, standing in for Defence Minister Angie Motshekga, who is currently in Russia.

    The primary objective of the commission of inquiry is to investigate the circumstances that led to the deaths of 14 South African soldiers in Goma and to understand why others were held as prisoners of war for at least three months.

    Appearing alongside senior officials from the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), Holomisa told Parliament that it was premature to assess whether the mission had been a success.

    “It’s too early to declare this operation a success or failure because we were not acting alone. The SADC Secretariat must also provide input on the outcomes of this mission,” Holomisa said.

    However, the committee expressed frustration over the limited information provided. Critics noted that, in the Minister’s absence, senior SANDF leadership shared only scant details, leaving lawmakers with more questions than answers.

    Joint committee co-chairperson Malusi Gigaba said it was too soon for Parliament to decide whether it would initiate its own investigation into the deployment.

    At least 18 SAMIDRC soldiers were killed early this year during clashes with the M23 rebel group in the battle to capture the cities of Goma and Sake. Among the dead were two Tanzanian and two Malawian soldiers, with dozens more sustaining injuries.

    The SAMIDRC’s offensive mission to dislodge M23 rebels began in December 2023. Critics had long warned that the troops were under-equipped and ill-prepared for the complexities of the conflict.

    South Africa is reported to have spent over R1.6 billion (approximately $88 million) on the operation.

    Mounting pressure from lawmakers and civil society ultimately led to the termination of the SAMIDRC mission in March, allowing for a shift toward diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict between the rebels and the administration of President Félix Tshisekedi.

    Critics argue that the deployment exposed South African soldiers to unnecessary risk and suggest the mission may have been influenced by private interests rather than national security.

    The withdrawal of South African troops began in recent weeks, with soldiers and equipment exiting the DRC via Rwanda.

    Meanwhile, Zimbabwean activist Rutendo Matinyarare has called on the commission of inquiry to broaden its scope by examining the deeper causes of the conflict. He urged investigators to consider the findings in his recent documentary, which explores the historical factors fueling instability in the region, including the persecution of Kinyarwanda-speaking communities who have taken up arms to fight for their rights.