{"id":39689,"date":"2025-10-20T08:29:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T08:29:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Uvira-ou-le-triomphe-de-l-anarchie-et-l-echec-patent-de-l-Etat-39689\/"},"modified":"2025-10-20T08:28:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T08:28:13","slug":"Uvira-ou-le-triomphe-de-l-anarchie-et-l-echec-patent-de-l-Etat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Uvira-ou-le-triomphe-de-l-anarchie-et-l-echec-patent-de-l-Etat\/","title":{"rendered":"Uvira ou le triomphe de l\u2019anarchie et l\u2019\u00e9chec patent de l\u2019\u00c9tat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cette ville, d\u00e9sormais qualifi\u00e9e de quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9raux wazalendo \u00bb, abrite plus d\u2019une cinquantaine de commandants auto-proclam\u00e9s, se proclamant alli\u00e9s des Forces arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC) et des forces burundaises. Dans ce maelstr\u00f6m de titres et de pr\u00e9tentions, la hi\u00e9rarchie militaire appara\u00eet d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e : si l\u2019on n\u2019est pas g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, l\u2019on est mar\u00e9chal, et la multiplication des grades ne traduit plus qu\u2019un chaos o\u00f9 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 devient une question de caprice ou d\u2019influence politique.<\/p>\n

Les affrontements y sont constants et souvent absurdes, motiv\u00e9s par la domination de simples points de contr\u00f4le ou l\u2019appropriation de positions strat\u00e9giques, sans autre objectif que la d\u00e9monstration de force. Les populations civiles, quant \u00e0 elles, vivent dans un \u00e9tat d\u2019angoisse permanent : chaque jour apporte son cort\u00e8ge de meurtres, de viols, de cambriolages et d\u2019arrestations arbitraires. <\/p>\n

Uvira est devenue le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019une violence syst\u00e9matique, orchestr\u00e9e par des milices \u00ab patriotes \u00bb dont la loyaut\u00e9 fluctue selon les int\u00e9r\u00eats de leaders politiques ou de figures de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, qu\u2019ils soient proches ou non du pouvoir central.<\/p>\n

Le constat est accablant : l\u2019\u00c9tat congolais y est pratiquement absent. Son r\u00f4le, r\u00e9duit \u00e0 fournir armes et munitions \u00e0 des groupes notoirement indisciplin\u00e9s et criminels, d\u00e9note un abandon total de ses responsabilit\u00e9s r\u00e9galiennes. Poss\u00e9der une arme y est devenu banal, du simple enfant \u00e0 l\u2019adulte ; chaque jour voit l\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouveaux \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9raux \u00bb, soutenus souvent par des autorit\u00e9s locales ou par des contacts politiques \u00e0 Kinshasa. <\/p>\n

La corruption, le client\u00e9lisme et le laxisme institutionnel se conjuguent pour transformer Uvira en un espace o\u00f9 la loi du plus fort supplante le droit et la justice.<\/p>\n

Dans cette zone de non-droit, les milices se m\u00ealent \u00e0 des combattants recycl\u00e9s des FDLR et \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments imbonerakures, renfor\u00e7ant un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de violence et d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Les violations des droits humains deviennent le quotidien, l\u00e9gitim\u00e9es au nom d\u2019un patriotisme ou d\u2019un nationalisme instrumentalis\u00e9. Les Banyamulenge, pris dans un \u00e9tau implacable, sont stigmatis\u00e9s et criminalis\u00e9s, leur libert\u00e9 de mouvement r\u00e9duite \u00e0 n\u00e9ant, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins, aux vivres et aux n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires rendu quasi impossible.
\nLe moindre \u00e9cart par rapport aux r\u00e8gles impos\u00e9es par ces milices se paie par la mort ou la disparition, sans qu\u2019aucune instance ne s\u2019en \u00e9meuve.<\/p>\n

Uvira t\u00e9moigne ainsi de l\u2019effondrement syst\u00e9mique de l\u2019\u00c9tat congolais : une instance qui, au lieu de prot\u00e9ger ses citoyens et d\u2019assurer l\u2019ordre public, d\u00e9l\u00e8gue le monopole de la violence \u00e0 ceux qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait cens\u00e9e neutraliser. L\u2019anarchie y est devenue institutionnelle, la d\u00e9pravation morale s\u2019y banalise, et l\u2019irresponsabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les \u00e9tages gouverne la vie des habitants. <\/p>\n

Dans cette ville, la survie d\u00e9pend d\u00e9sormais moins de la loi que de l\u2019arbitraire de milices omnipotentes, incarnant \u00e0 la fois l\u2019\u00e9chec cuisant d\u2019un \u00c9tat et la tragique impuissance des institutions face \u00e0 l\u2019app\u00e9tit d\u00e9vorant\u00a0de\u00a0l\u2019anomie.<\/p>\n

\"Uvira<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uvira, jadis cit\u00e9 fronti\u00e8re de transit et de commerce, s\u2019est mu\u00e9e en \u00e9picentre d\u2019une anarchie institutionnalis\u00e9e, o\u00f9 la distinction entre autorit\u00e9 l\u00e9gitime et pouvoir autoproclam\u00e9 s\u2019estompe jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir illusoire. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":488,"featured_media":4000067532,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7581],"tags":[7605],"byline":[9102],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-39689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ideologie","tag-homenews","byline-tite-gatabazi"],"bylines":[{"id":9102,"name":"Tite Gatabazi","slug":"tite-gatabazi","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":472}],"contributors":[{"id":9102,"name":"Tite Gatabazi","slug":"tite-gatabazi","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":472}],"featured_image":{"id":4000067532,"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","alt":"","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","width":0,"height":0,"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium_large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"full":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/waz_cp-14.jpg","width":0,"height":0}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39689","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/488"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39689"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39689\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000067532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39689"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39689"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39689"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=39689"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=39689"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}