{"id":39656,"date":"2025-10-16T12:54:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T12:54:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Rwanda-1990-1994-la-France-face-a-l-ombre-de-l-Operation-Noroit-39656\/"},"modified":"2025-10-21T19:35:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T19:35:30","slug":"Rwanda-1990-1994-la-France-face-a-l-ombre-de-l-Operation-Noroit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Rwanda-1990-1994-la-France-face-a-l-ombre-de-l-Operation-Noroit\/","title":{"rendered":"Rwanda 1990-1994 : la France face \u00e0 l\u2019ombre de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trois jours seulement apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des combats, le 4 octobre 1990, la France d\u00e9p\u00eacha 300 soldats d\u2019\u00e9lite d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s pour \u00ab\u202fprot\u00e9ger les populations et les ressortissants fran\u00e7ais\u202f\u00bb. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, cette intervention, qui \u00e9tait un soutien au r\u00e9gime de Habyarimana, fut nomm\u00e9e \u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet\u202f\u00bb, le contingent fran\u00e7ais ayant rapidement \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9 \u00e0 800 hommes, comme le rapporte Michel Goya, ancien colonel, dans son ouvrage Penser les op\u00e9rations. Retour sur l\u2019op\u00e9ration \u201cNoro\u00eet\u201d au Rwanda (1990\u20111993).<\/p>\n

{{Les OPEX fran\u00e7aises }} <\/p>\n

L\u2019Op\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet fait partie d’une longue tradition d\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9rations Ext\u00e9rieures\u202f\u00bb (OPEX) fran\u00e7aises. Avant le Rwanda, ce m\u00eame corps exp\u00e9ditionnaire avait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 au Congo lors de l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Kolwezi\u202f\u00bb en 1978.<\/p>\n

Depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, la France a men\u00e9 des missions militaires \u00e0 travers le monde\u202f: en Indochine dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 avec l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Atlante\u202f\u00bb, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de l\u2019OTAN dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 en Bosnie-Herz\u00e9govine, au Kosovo, en Afghanistan, au Moyen-Orient et en Irak. Aujourd\u2019hui, environ 30 000 soldats fran\u00e7ais sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, selon l\u2019ambassade de France aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n

\"L\u2019Op\u00e9ration<\/figure>\n

{{L\u2019Afrique, terrain d\u2019op\u00e9rations}}<\/p>\n

Le continent africain a particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9t\u00e9 concern\u00e9 par ces interventions. Parmi elles\u202f: l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration \u00c9pervier\u202f\u00bb au Tchad (1986\u20112014), l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Licorne\u202f\u00bb en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (2001), l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Art\u00e9mis\u202f\u00bb en Ituri, RDC (2003), ainsi que \u00ab\u202fServal\u202f\u00bb et \u00ab\u202fBarkhane\u202f\u00bb au Mali. L\u2019op\u00e9ration Barkhane s\u2019est \u00e9galement \u00e9tendue au Burkina Faso et au Niger, tandis que l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Manta\u202f\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 conduite au Tchad. La France a men\u00e9 des missions similaires en Mauritanie, Gabon, Djibouti, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Centrafrique et ailleurs.<\/p>\n

{{L\u2019ombre de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet}}<\/p>\n

En 2022, Antoine Anfr\u00e9, alors ambassadeur de France au Rwanda, d\u00e9plorait que l\u2019attention se concentre sur l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Turquoise\u202f\u00bb de juin 1994, men\u00e9e pendant le g\u00e9nocide perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 contre les Tutsi, au d\u00e9triment de l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet\u202f\u00bb. Selon lui, cette derni\u00e8re avait permis aux forces de Habyarimana de contrer l\u2019offensive initiale des RPA. <\/p>\n

\u00c0 bord des h\u00e9licopt\u00e8res de l\u2019arm\u00e9e rwandaise (FAR) engag\u00e9s dans ces combats, on rapporte \u00e9galement la pr\u00e9sence de Fran\u00e7ais. \u00ab\u202fAu point qu\u2019il faudrait se demander qui les pilotait\u202f\u00bb, soulignait Anfr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L\u2019envoi des troupes fran\u00e7aises, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une aide humanitaire, s\u2019est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 transform\u00e9 en une collaboration directe avec les FAR, incluant la formation des jeunes miliciens Interahamwe, complices du g\u00e9nocide contre les Tutsi.<\/p>\n

\"Des<\/figure>\n

{{Un pass\u00e9 qui embarrasse la France}}<\/p>\n

L\u2019Op\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet, qui dura trois ans, s\u2019est achev\u00e9e en 1993 sans r\u00e9sultats tangibles, un an avant le d\u00e9clenchement du g\u00e9nocide contre les Tutsi. Lors de l\u2019Op\u00e9ration Turquoise, les soldats fran\u00e7ais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impliqu\u00e9s dans des op\u00e9rations militaires aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des FAR et ont prot\u00e9g\u00e9 certains dirigeants du r\u00e9gime ayant orchestr\u00e9 ce g\u00e9nocide, certains se r\u00e9fugiant au Za\u00efre, d\u2019autres rejoignant l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

Cet encha\u00eenement d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements a plong\u00e9 la France dans un profond embarras. Michel Goya souligne dans son ouvrage que l\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration Noro\u00eet\u202f\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 volontairement omise de la liste officielle des interventions militaires fran\u00e7aises \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, une page sombre que Paris pr\u00e9f\u00e8re\u00a0oublier.<\/p>\n

\"L\u2019envoi<\/figure>\n
\"L\u2019Op\u00e9ration<\/figure>\n
\"L\u2019\u00ab\u202fOp\u00e9ration<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En octobre 1990, l\u2019Arm\u00e9e Patriotique Rwandaise (RPA) lan\u00e7ait son offensive pour lib\u00e9rer le pays. Juv\u00e9nal Habyarimana, refusant de permettre le retour des Tutsi r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s dans les pays voisins, sollicita rapidement le soutien de ses alli\u00e9s. Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand, alors pr\u00e9sident de la France, r\u00e9pondit promptement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":488,"featured_media":4000067409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7544],"tags":[7605],"byline":[7717],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-39656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","tag-homenews","byline-igihe"],"bylines":[{"id":7717,"name":"IGIHE","slug":"igihe","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":393}],"contributors":[{"id":7717,"name":"IGIHE","slug":"igihe","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":393}],"featured_image":{"id":4000067409,"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","alt":"","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","width":0,"height":0,"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium_large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"full":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/cp-243.jpg","width":0,"height":0}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/488"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39656\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000067409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39656"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=39656"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=39656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}