{"id":39225,"date":"2025-09-12T17:13:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T17:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Une-etude-revele-comment-la-reaction-rapide-du-Rwanda-face-a-la-fievre-virale-39225\/"},"modified":"2025-09-12T17:09:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T17:09:55","slug":"Une-etude-revele-comment-la-reaction-rapide-du-Rwanda-face-a-la-fievre-virale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Une-etude-revele-comment-la-reaction-rapide-du-Rwanda-face-a-la-fievre-virale\/","title":{"rendered":"\u202fUne \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment la r\u00e9action rapide du Rwanda face \u00e0 la fi\u00e8vre virale de Marburg a permis de sauver des vies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le ministre de la Sant\u00e9, le Dr Sabin Nsanzimana, co-auteur de l\u2019\u00e9tude, a annonc\u00e9 sa publication sur X : \u00ab\u202f Un an plus tard, notre \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e aujourd\u2019hui dans le @NEJM montre comment la d\u00e9tection guid\u00e9e par la science et une action rapide ont permis d\u2019arr\u00eater la premi\u00e8re \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Marburg au Rwanda en quelques semaines, atteignant le taux de mortalit\u00e9 le plus bas jamais enregistr\u00e9.\u202f\u00bb, a-t-il indiqu\u00e9 ce 11 septembre.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, d\u00e9clar\u00e9e le 27 septembre 2024, a d\u00e9but\u00e9 dans deux h\u00f4pitaux de Kigali, apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un cluster de cas de fi\u00e8vre h\u00e9morragique virale, touchant plus de 20 soignants en moins d\u2019une semaine.<\/p>\n<p>Sur 6 340 cas suspects test\u00e9s, 66 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9s en laboratoire, dont 51 soignants. Le taux de mortalit\u00e9 de 23 % reste largement inf\u00e9rieur aux 83\u201390 % observ\u00e9s lors des pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de MVD en Afrique.<\/p>\n<p>Le patient z\u00e9ro \u00e9tait un homme de 27 ans expos\u00e9 aux chauves-souris frugivores d\u2019\u00c9gypte, indiquant une origine zoonotique. La transmission s\u2019est concentr\u00e9e sur les agents de sant\u00e9 et les proches, mais la recherche des contacts, la surveillance et les protocoles hospitaliers ont permis de contenir rapidement l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n<p>Par ailleurs, les soins ont combin\u00e9 soutien avanc\u00e9 et traitements exp\u00e9rimentaux. Sur 52 patients ayant re\u00e7u le remdesivir, seuls trois sont d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s, et dix patients ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de l\u2019anticorps monoclonal MBP091, sans effets secondaires imm\u00e9diats.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les 13 jours suivant la d\u00e9claration de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie, le Rwanda a \u00e9galement d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 le vaccin ChAd3-MARV, en priorisant le personnel m\u00e9dical et les contacts \u00e0 haut risque. \u00c0 la fin octobre, 1 710 personnes avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 re\u00e7u ces vaccins dans le cadre d\u2019une autorisation d\u2019urgence et d\u2019un essai clinique de phase 2.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9tude montre que la d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce, les soins intensifs, les traitements exp\u00e9rimentaux et la vaccination d\u2019urgence ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9terminants pour r\u00e9duire la mortalit\u00e9, tandis que 77 % des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 la transmission nosocomiale.<\/p>\n<p>Pour les auteurs, le Rwanda offre un mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9ponse aux \u00e9pid\u00e9mies de filovirus en milieu urbain : des actions rapides, coordonn\u00e9es et guid\u00e9es par la science permettent de sauver des vies et d\u2019emp\u00eacher la propagation du virus.<\/p>\n<p>Le Rwanda, en collaboration avec ses partenaires, dont l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9 (OMS), a annonc\u00e9 la fin de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de fi\u00e8vre virale de Marburg (MVD) le 20 d\u00e9cembre 2024, apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de 42 jours sans aucun nouveau cas signal\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"spip-document spip-document-65786 aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fr.igihe.com\/IMG\/jpg\/dr_sab.jpg\" alt=\"Le ministre Nsanzimana, co-auteur de l\u2019\u00e9tude a soulign\u00e9 que la science et la rapidit\u00e9 d\u2019action ont permis d\u2019enrayer rapidement la premi\u00e8re \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de Marburg au Rwanda\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente parue dans le &#8216;New England Journal of Medicine&#8217; (NEJM) r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment le Rwanda a ma\u00eetris\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re \u00e9pid\u00e9mie de fi\u00e8vre virale de Marburg (MVD) en 2024, affichant le taux de mortalit\u00e9 le plus faible jamais enregistr\u00e9 pour ce virus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":488,"featured_media":4000065785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7546],"tags":[7605],"byline":[7717],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-39225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sante-20","tag-homenews","byline-igihe"],"bylines":[{"id":7717,"name":"IGIHE","slug":"igihe","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":393}],"contributors":[{"id":7717,"name":"IGIHE","slug":"igihe","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":393}],"featured_image":{"id":4000065785,"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","alt":"","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","width":0,"height":0,"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium_large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"full":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/marb_cp.jpg","width":0,"height":0}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/488"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39225\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000065785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39225"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=39225"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=39225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}