{"id":38779,"date":"2025-08-12T13:59:17","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T13:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Secheresse-historique-en-Europe-et-Mediterranee-38779\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T13:36:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T13:36:49","slug":"Secheresse-historique-en-Europe-et-Mediterranee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Secheresse-historique-en-Europe-et-Mediterranee\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9cheresse historique en Europe et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"

En juillet, plus de la moiti\u00e9 des sols pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment 52 % \u00e9taient affect\u00e9s par ce fl\u00e9au, un niveau jamais atteint pour ce mois depuis le d\u00e9but des relev\u00e9s en 2012. Ce chiffre, sup\u00e9rieur de vingt et un points \u00e0 la moyenne observ\u00e9e entre 2012 et 2024, illustre la gravit\u00e9 d\u2019un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui s\u2019installe dans la dur\u00e9e : c\u2019est en effet le quatri\u00e8me mois cons\u00e9cutif o\u00f9 l\u2019on d\u00e9passe ce seuil alarmant.<\/p>\n

Les donn\u00e9es, issues de l\u2019Observatoire europ\u00e9en de la s\u00e9cheresse (EDO) et du programme satellitaire Copernicus, reposent sur une analyse crois\u00e9e de trois param\u00e8tres essentiels : le volume des pr\u00e9cipitations, l\u2019humidit\u00e9 des sols et l\u2019\u00e9tat de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation. Ce faisceau d\u2019indicateurs dessine la carte inqui\u00e9tante d\u2019un continent aux ressources hydriques gravement compromises.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Europe orientale et la p\u00e9ninsule balkanique se trouvent au c\u0153ur de cette crise. Les terres y sont soumises \u00e0 des vagues de chaleur d\u2019une intensit\u00e9 exceptionnelle, accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019un cort\u00e8ge d\u2019incendies qui d\u00e9vorent for\u00eats, collines et parfois m\u00eame d\u00e9charges \u00e0 ciel ouvert, ill\u00e9gales et satur\u00e9es de mati\u00e8res inflammables, lib\u00e9rant dans l\u2019air fum\u00e9es denses et \u00e9manations toxiques. <\/p>\n

En Hongrie, la proportion des sols en alerte est pass\u00e9e en un mois de 9 % \u00e0 56 %. Au Kosovo, elle a bondi de 6 % \u00e0 43 %, et en Bosnie-Herz\u00e9govine de 1 % \u00e0 23 %. Ces progressions vertigineuses traduisent un d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique qui ne se contente plus de menacer, mais qui frappe avec une brutalit\u00e9 r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019ouest du continent, la situation demeure plus nuanc\u00e9e, mais n\u2019en est pas moins pr\u00e9occupante. La France, notamment, conna\u00eet un ass\u00e8chement fulgurant : en un mois, la proportion de ses terres touch\u00e9es par la s\u00e9cheresse est pass\u00e9e de 44 % \u00e0 68 %. Le pays a, par ailleurs, \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d\u2019un sinistre d\u2019ampleur historique : 13.000 hectares de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation r\u00e9duits en cendres dans le d\u00e9partement de l\u2019Aude, dans le sud.<\/p>\n

Le Royaume-Uni, bien que sortant d\u2019une phase critique, conserve plus des deux tiers de son territoire en d\u00e9ficit hydrique, r\u00e9v\u00e9lant que l\u2019embellie reste relative. Seuls l\u2019Espagne et le Portugal semblent momentan\u00e9ment \u00e9pargn\u00e9s, avec respectivement 7 % et 5 % de leurs sols en situation de s\u00e9cheresse \u2013 un r\u00e9pit qui pourrait, \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des tendances, n\u2019\u00eatre que transitoire.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, apr\u00e8s avoir inflig\u00e9 temp\u00eates diluviennes, inondations d\u00e9vastatrices et incendies dantesques, la nature, comme pour signifier son exasp\u00e9ration, oppose d\u00e9sormais aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines le silence implacable des pluies qui ne viennent plus. Ce basculement climatique, loin de simples caprices m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, prend l\u2019allure d\u2019un r\u00e9quisitoire, rappelant \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9 la fragilit\u00e9 des \u00e9quilibres qui rendent possible\u00a0sa\u00a0survie.<\/p>\n

\"Apr\u00e8s<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s les d\u00e9luges et les incendies, voici que l\u2019Europe et le pourtour m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en subissent l\u2019assaut implacable d\u2019une s\u00e9cheresse d\u2019ampleur in\u00e9dite. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":488,"featured_media":4000064465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7565],"tags":[7605],"byline":[9102],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-38779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environnement","tag-homenews","byline-tite-gatabazi"],"bylines":[{"id":9102,"name":"Tite Gatabazi","slug":"tite-gatabazi","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":472}],"contributors":[{"id":9102,"name":"Tite Gatabazi","slug":"tite-gatabazi","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":472}],"featured_image":{"id":4000064465,"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","alt":"","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","width":0,"height":0,"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"medium_large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","width":1,"height":1},"full":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/can_cp-5.jpg","width":0,"height":0}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38779","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/488"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38779"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38779\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000064465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38779"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38779"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38779"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=38779"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=38779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}