{"id":33538,"date":"2023-11-09T09:24:02","date_gmt":"2023-11-09T09:24:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Gaza-l-histoire-d-une-occupation-33538\/"},"modified":"2023-11-09T09:22:39","modified_gmt":"2023-11-09T09:22:39","slug":"Gaza-l-histoire-d-une-occupation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/Gaza-l-histoire-d-une-occupation\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaza, l\u2019histoire d&#8217;une occupation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Cette langue de sable, apr\u00e8s la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, a vu sa destin\u00e9e confi\u00e9e aux mains britanniques sous le Mandat de la Palestine. La partition de 1947, propos\u00e9e par l&#8217;Organisation des Nations unies, a ouvert la voie \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l&#8217;\u00c9tat d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl l&#8217;ann\u00e9e suivante, entrainant un agrandissement de ses fronti\u00e8res au-del\u00e0 des limites pr\u00e9vues par le plan de partage.<\/p>\n<p>Le d\u00e9placement forc\u00e9 de 200 000 Palestiniens vers le sud a donn\u00e9 \u00e0 la bande de Gaza sa configuration d\u00e9mographique actuelle, d\u00e9j\u00e0 peupl\u00e9e alors de 80 000 habitants.<\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l&#8217;expansion d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl, l&#8217;\u00c9gypte a pris le relais en d\u00e9ployant ses troupes sans pour autant annexer le territoire, imprimant ainsi son autorit\u00e9 sur Gaza.<\/p>\n<p>Il a fallu attendre la guerre des Six-Jours en 1967 pour qu&#8217;Isra\u00ebl \u00e9tende son contr\u00f4le sur la r\u00e9gion, un contr\u00f4le qui s&#8217;est prolong\u00e9 pendant 38 ans, marqu\u00e9 par des tensions et des affrontements r\u00e9currents. <\/p>\n<p>Les initiatives du Premier ministre isra\u00e9lien, Ariel Sharon, notamment le d\u00e9sengagement de 2005, ont mis fin \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence physique d&#8217;Isra\u00ebl et \u00e0 la colonisation juive dans la bande de Gaza, malgr\u00e9 des r\u00e9percussions politiques et sociales encore palpables.<\/p>\n<p>Avec la mont\u00e9e du Hamas, vainqueur des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de 2006 face \u00e0 l&#8217;Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne, la situation interne \u00e0 Gaza a pris une nouvelle tournure. <\/p>\n<p>Le Hamas, qui est d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par Isra\u00ebl comme organisation terroriste, a \u00e9tabli un contr\u00f4le sur le territoire, ce qui a conduit Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 imposer un blocus terrestre, a\u00e9rien et maritime d\u00e8s 2007. <\/p>\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence, Gaza est aujourd&#8217;hui enclav\u00e9e,  quasi-herm\u00e9tique, g\u00e9r\u00e9e sous haute surveillance avec des restrictions s\u00e9v\u00e8res sur l&#8217;importation des biens, donnant l&#8217;image d&#8217;une zone assi\u00e9g\u00e9e. Comme l\u2019a dit une consoeur, la zone est grillag\u00e9e, ceintur\u00e9e par un mur en b\u00e9ton sur terre et sous terre, fid\u00e8le \u00e0 son image de \u00ab prison \u00e0 ciel ouvert \u00bb.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"spip-document spip-document-45137 aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fr.igihe.com\/IMG\/png\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png\" alt=\"Un homme pleure un proche tu\u00e9 lors d&#039;un raid a\u00e9rien isra\u00e9lien sur la ville de Gaza, 9 octobre 2023. Photo \u00a9AP\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La saga tumultueuse de la bande de Gaza, t\u00e9moignant de la complexit\u00e9 du conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien, se dessine dans le sillage de conflits et d&#8217;administrations successives. Regardons dans le r\u00e9troviseur des sempiternelles occupations  de ce territoire palestinien.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":4000045138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7529],"tags":[7605],"byline":[8183],"hashtag":[],"class_list":["post-33538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite-3","tag-homenews","byline-jean-jill-mazuru"],"bylines":[{"id":8183,"name":"Jean Jill Mazuru","slug":"jean-jill-mazuru","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":429}],"contributors":[{"id":8183,"name":"Jean Jill Mazuru","slug":"jean-jill-mazuru","description":"","image":{"id":0,"url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&f=y&r=g","alt":"Default avatar","title":"Default avatar","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","sizes":[]},"user_id":429}],"featured_image":{"id":4000045138,"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","alt":"","caption":"","mime_type":"image\/png","width":0,"height":0,"sizes":{"thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","width":1,"height":1},"medium":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","width":1,"height":1},"medium_large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","width":1,"height":1},"large":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","width":1,"height":1},"full":{"url":"https:\/\/fr-images.igihe.com\/IMG\/logo\/un_homme_pleure_un_proche_tue_lors_d_un_raid_aerien_israelien_sur_la_ville_de_gaza_9_octobre_2023.jpg.png","width":0,"height":0}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33538\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4000045138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33538"},{"taxonomy":"byline","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/byline?post=33538"},{"taxonomy":"hashtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/new.igihe.com\/french\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtag?post=33538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}