Author: Théophile Niyitegeka

{In setback to US president, appeals court declines to back ban on travellers from seven predominantly Muslim countries.}

A federal appeals court has refused to reinstate US President Donald Trump’s ban on travellers from seven predominantly Muslim nations, dealing another blow to his young administration.

In a unanimous decision, the panel of three judges from the San Francisco-based 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals declined on Thursday to block a lower-court ruling that suspended the ban and allowed previously barred travellers to enter the US.

Shortly after the ruling, Trump responded furiously on Twitter, writing his response in capital letters.

He told reporters his administration ultimately would win the case and dismissed the ruling as “political.”

Trump’s January 27 order barred travelers from Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen from entering for 90 days and all refugees for 120 days, except those from Syria, whom he would ban indefinitely. He said his directive was “done for the security of our nation, the security of our citizens.”

District Judge James Robart in Seattle issued a temporary restraining order on the ban on February 4 after Washington and Minnesota states sued, prompting Trump to label him a “so-called judge”.

The 9th Circuit judges noted that the states had raised serious allegations about religious discrimination.

Asked about Trump’s tweet, Washington state Attorney General Bob Ferguson said: “We have seen him in court twice, and we’re two for two.”

An appeal to the Supreme Court is possible.

A point-by-point rebuttal

In its ruling on Thursday, the 9th US Circuit rejected the administration’s claim that the court did not have the authority to review the president’s executive order.

“There is no precedent to support this claimed unreviewability, which runs contrary to the fundamental structure of our constitutional democracy,” it said.

Al Jazeera’s Rob Reynolds, reporting from San Francisco, said the court presented “a point-by-point rebuttal of the government’s case in the ruling”.

Speaking to Al Jazeera, Melanie Sloan, a consultant and a longtime ethics monitor in Washington DC, said: “This tells the world that there is a significant portion of our country that is not behind this kind of thing at all.

“We will work very, very hard to defeat this kind of discriminatory ban that really doesn’t help anybody.”

Justice Robart’s ban order temporarily suspended the nation’s refugee programme and immigration from countries that the Trump administration says raise security concerns.

Justice department lawyers appealed to the 9th US Circuit, arguing that the president has the constitutional power to restrict entry to the US and that the courts cannot second-guess his determination that such a step was needed to prevent terrorism.

The states, however, said Trump’s travel ban harmed individuals, businesses and universities.

Citing Trump’s campaign promise to stop Muslims from entering the US, they said the ban unconstitutionally blocked entry to people based on religion.

Both sides faced tough questioning during an hour of arguments on Tuesday conducted by phone – an unusual step – and broadcast live on cable networks, newspaper websites and social media. It attracted a huge audience.

The judges chipped away at the administration’s claim that the ban was motivated by “terrorism fears”, but they also challenged the states’ argument that it targeted Muslims.

Sloan, the Washington DC-based ethics monitor, said: “It’s really wonderful. As an American I can be so proud of these folks and the image we want to project to the world.

“I think you will see, going forward in the Trump administration, that often it will be lawyers and judges who will be on the forefront, stopping these abuses of power. Remember we are only in Week Three of the administration.”

Judge Robert temporarily halted the ban after determining that the states were likely to win the case and had shown that the ban would restrict travel by their residents, damage their public universities and reduce their tax base.

{{‘Thoughtful opinion’}}

Robart put Trump’s executive order on hold while the lawsuit worked its way through the courts.

After that ruling, the state department quickly said people from the seven countries – Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen – with valid visas could travel to the US.

Commenting on the 9th Circuit decision, Noah Purcell, Washington state’s solicitor-general, described it as an “excellent, well-reasoned, careful, thoughtful opinion that seriously considered all the government’s arguments – and rejected them”.

He said it is “important to recognise the real impact that this is already having on people’s lives. We have just been hearing from people all over the state and all of the country about what a difference this has made, and we’re so thrilled for that”.

The Supreme Court has a vacancy, but there is no chance Trump’s nominee, Neil Gorsuch, will be confirmed in time to take part in any consideration of the ban.

The ban was set to expire in 90 days, meaning it could run its course before the court would take up the issue.

The US administration also could change the order, including changing its scope or duration.

“We could go on for several more rounds … but presumably everything would be done very quickly, just as this has happened,” David Levine, a law professor at the University of California’s Hastings College in San Francisco, told Al Jazeera.

“The US government has several choices. One is that they could go to the Supreme Court in Washington … to see if they can get a stay. The other thing they can do is try to and get a majority of judges in the 9th Circuit here to agree to review the ruling.

The government has 14 days to ask the 9th Circuit to have a larger panel of judges review the decision “en banc,” or appeal directly to the Supreme Court, which will likely determine the case’s final outcome.

Source:Al Jazeera

{Toledo is accused of receiving $20m in bribes from construction company Odebrecht, an allegation he denies.}

A Peruvian court has issued an international warrant for the arrest of ex-President Alejandro Toledo on suspicions of taking bribes from a Brazilian construction giant at the heart of a region-wide corruption scandal.

Judge Richard Concepcion late on Thursday (local time) accepted a request by prosecutors that Toledo be jailed as they investigate allegations he received $20m in bribes from Odebrecht in exchange for permission to build a highway connecting Brazil with the Peruvian coast.

The order calls on Toledo to be placed under “preventative custody” for 18 months, while demanding for his “immediate location, capture and confinement.”

Toledo, who is believed to be in the French capital, Paris, has denied any wrongdoing.

“Say when, how and where and in what bank they’ve given me $20m,” Toledo said in an interview with a local radio station over the weekend.

Multi-national scandal

Odebrecht, once Latin America’s biggest construction company, has admitted to paying almost $800m in bribes to governments across the region as part of a December plea agreement with the US justice department.

In Peru, the company acknowledged paying $29m for projects built during the government of Toledo and two successors.

Toledo, a former World Bank economist, served as Peru’s president from 2001 to 2006.

In 2010 he sought the presidency anew but failed to make it to the second round of voting.

The scandal also threatens to implicate Toledo’s successors: Alan Garcia and Ollanta Humala.

Garcia has denied any wrongdoing in recent weeks as authorities have arrested several accused of taking bribes from Odebrecht during his 2006-2011 government.

Aside from Peru, several countries in Latin America, including Panama, Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay, are carrying out investigations into bribes paid by Odebrecht.

In Panama, a former personal adviser to President Juan Carlos Varela on Thursday said on his former boss had accepted campaign donations from Odebrecht.

Al Jazeera

{Florin Iordache, co-architect of controversial corruption measure that set off rallies, resigns citing ‘public opinion’.}

Romania’s justice minister has resigned after huge nationwide protests over government efforts to weaken anti-corruption laws through a decree.

Florin Iordache’s resignation on Thursday came as rallies calling for the government to resign continued despite the Social Democratic-led leadership’s pledge to scrap the decree, which would have decriminalised some corruption offences.

“I have decided to offer my resignation,” said Iordache, 56, a co-architect of the January emergency rule which critics say would have protected corrupt politicians from prosecution.

He defended his record at the justice ministry saying he carried out “all necessary actions to remedy a series of sensitive problems”.

“But despite that, public opinion did not consider it sufficient, and that’s why I have decided to submit my resignation.”

Iordache said all of his “initiatives were legal and constitutional”.

Against this turbulent backdrop, Sorin Grindeanu, Romania’s prime minister, survived a no-confidence vote on Wednesday despite the ongoing protests.

Bowing to pressure, the government scrapped the ordinance on Sunday as up to 500,000 people protested across the country.

The rallies were the largest protests since the fall of communist rule in 1989.

In a related development on Thursday, Romania’s constitutional court said it would not rule on the decree.

The decree was referred to the court by Victor Ciorbea, the national ombudsman, on February 3, two days before the Social Democrats withdrew it.

“This decree does not exist anymore. It was scrapped [by the government],” said Valer Dorneanu, the court president.

“We start from the truth that the emergency decree no longer exists.”

The withdrawal must still be approved by parliament.

Asked what would happen if parliament does not do so, Dorneanu said: “We don’t judge based on suppositions.”

Source:Al Jazeera