Author: Sam K. Nkurunziza

However, the environmental impact of mining, including land degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss, has become a pressing concern. A recent national dialogue focused on the importance of integrating sustainability into mining practices to ensure long-term economic and environmental stability.

The dialogue, attended by key stakeholders, emphasized that mining, while beneficial, poses serious environmental risks. Faustin Vuningoma, the Coordinator of the Rwanda Climate Change and Development Network (RCCDN), highlighted the need to align mining policies with climate change goals.

“Mining must not only drive economic growth but also respect environmental limits,” Faustin said, stressing the importance of ensuring that mining activities contribute to sustainable development without compromising the health of ecosystems or the well-being of local communities.

Key environmental issues such as destruction of habitats due to mining and clearing large areas of forest, disrupt biodiversity and reduces carbon sequestration. Additionally, mining activities can lead to soil erosion, water contamination, and the depletion of resources that are essential for local agriculture.

Thus, there is need of conducting thorough environmental impact assessments for all mining projects. These assessments can help identify potential risks to the environment and local communities before mining begins.
The government must ensure that these are rigorous, comprehensive, and enforced.

According to Faustin Munyazikwiye, Deputy Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), the assessments should be followed by strict monitoring throughout the life of the project.
“Effective monitoring is essential to ensure that companies adhere to environmental guidelines and mitigate risks because effective environmental governance is crucial.” he said.

“We need to strengthen environmental regulations to ensure that all stakeholders remain accountable for their impact of mining on the environment. Rehabilitation of mining sites and the restoration of ecosystems that have been affected by mining activities is paramount,” Munyazikwiye stated.

He emphasized that land restoration should be mandatory after mining operations have concluded, but sometimes companies should be not responsible for the long-term health of the environment.

Dzapasi Mashizha, a Mineral Processing Expert at the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board (RMB), noted that mining practices must evolve to address these challenges.

“Technologies that reduce the environmental impact of mining, such as water recycling and cleaner energy solutions, are essential to minimizing the sector’s footprint,” Mashizha explained.
He advised mining companies need to invest in innovative technologies that promote resource efficiency and environmental protection.

According to experts like Mashizha, community engagement is a critical factor for sustainable mining.
“Local communities must be educated about their obligations and the environmental risks of mining. And also be given a voice in decisions that affect their livelihoods and the local environment in general.” he said.

As it stands, there is need for policy reform to better align mining practices with environmental and climate change objectives by reviewing Rwanda’s 2010 mining policy to ensure it reflects the country’s current environmental goals.

“We need a policy framework that supports the integration of environmental and climate change considerations into all aspects of mining. This will help ensure that the benefits of mining are sustainable for future generations,” Munyazikwiye said.

Overall, sustainable mining practices are essential for Rwanda’s continued economic development. By implementing effective environmental regulations, adopting cleaner technologies, and engaging local communities in decision-making, the country can ensure that its mining sector contributes to both economic prosperity and environmental conservation.

The Rwandan government understands this too well, and its partnerships with the African Development Bank (AfDB) over the past six decades have continued to transform the country’s energy sector, putting Rwanda on the world map as one of the fastest-growing economies.

Since the inception of the regional multilateral development finance institution in 1964, Rwanda’s energy sector has benefited from AfDB financing for 16 energy projects. AfDB’s current project portfolio in Rwanda includes six projects, accounting for a $521.82 million investment in the country.

With such partnerships from AfDB and other development partners, Rwanda is well on its way to achieving universal electricity access by 2024, with over 74% of households connected as of 2023 up from 16.8% in 2012.

AfDB’s strategic investments have helped power the remotest villages, ensuring that homes, schools, and health centers benefit from reliable energy. The projects have also led to job creation, both during construction and in industries powered by the new energy infrastructure.

{{Scaling Up Electricity Access Program (SEAP)}}

The SEAP has been a cornerstone of Rwanda’s journey toward universal electricity access. Over 8,112 kilometers of distribution lines have been established, connecting homes, schools, and businesses to the national grid.

The program has also provided over 193,000 new on-grid connections, including 2,112 productive use connections for small businesses. The rural electrification rate has surged, lighting up homes and powering economic activities across the country.

For Jacqueline, a shop owner in Nyamasheke, electricity has changed her life. Before SEAP, her shop closed at sundown due to the lack of power. Today, she runs a freezer to sell cold drinks, generating enough income to send her children to school.

“Electricity has changed everything,” Jacqueline says, reflecting the life-changing impact of the AfDB’s investments.

{{KivuWatt: Harnessing Methane for Clean Energy}}

AfDB’s support for the KivuWatt project has unlocked the vast methane gas reserves of Lake Kivu to generate electricity. With an initial output of 26 MW and plans to expand to 100 MW, KivuWatt provides reliable, climate-friendly power, reducing reliance on wood and diesel.

This energy has spurred business growth in western Rwanda, particularly in agriculture and manufacturing.

{{Renewable Energy Investments}}

AfDB has been instrumental in driving Rwanda’s push for clean energy. Solar projects have brought light to remote communities, benefitting over 20% of households outside the grid.

Additionally, small hydropower plants have provided affordable, sustainable energy to thousands, contributing to a renewable energy mix that now accounts for 50% of Rwanda’s energy supply. These investments not only reduce environmental impact but also lower energy costs for businesses and households.

Emmanuel, a farmer in Bugesera, now irrigates his crops using solar-powered pumps. “I no longer rely on the rains, and my harvests have tripled,” he shares.

As the African Development Bank celebrates six decades of partnership with Rwanda, its contributions to the energy sector have proven essential in powering the nation’s growth. AfDB’s investments ensure that energy is not just a service, but a lifeline for development.

With energy at the core of Rwanda’s Vision 2050, AfDB remains a trusted partner, empowering the nation to build a sustainable, inclusive future.

This must-attend event is highlighted by its theme, “Economic Events to Promote Tourism,” aiming to establish powerful synergies between the economy and the tourism sector. This year, Rwanda is honored to be the guest country, celebrating its 50th anniversary with grandeur.

{{Rwanda: A Story of Transformation and Innovation}}

Rwanda’s selection as the guest of honor at FIDAK 2024 is a testament to the exceptional relationship between Rwanda and Senegal. In a setting where innovation meets sustainability, Rwanda has managed to reinvent itself through a clear vision of its economic development.

Its participation in the fair will be illustrated by exhibitions showcasing its innovative solutions in sustainable agriculture, tourism, and industry, demonstrating how a country can rise with strength and resilience.

{{A Focus on Sustainable Tourism}}

FIDAK 2024 will highlight sustainable tourism, a sector in which Rwanda excels. As a popular destination committed to environmental protection and species conservation, Rwanda will have the opportunity to share its model of responsible tourism.

Throughout the fair, seminars and discussions will explore best practices for reconciling economic development and ecological preservation, thus inspiring other African nations.

{{Exhibitions and Cultural Events}}

Rwanda’s presence at FIDAK will be enriched by exhibitions, seminars, and cultural performances. Visitors will discover the rich cultural heritage of Rwanda, including its crafts, cuisine, and music.

Conferences will also be organized to discuss Rwanda’s achievements in economic development, tourism, and local production, serving as a model for other countries in search of sustainable development.

{{Strengthening Links Between Nations}}

Rwanda’s participation in FIDAK 2024 also underscores the importance of cross-border cooperation in Africa. Rwanda and Senegal share a common vision focused on economic growth, regional integration, and knowledge exchange. These interactions will not only promote the development of both countries but also enhance the progress of the entire African continent, stimulating intra-African trade.

{{An Invitation to Innovation and Engagement}}

FIDAK 2024 will serve as a platform of opportunities for businesses, investors, and entrepreneurs from Rwanda and beyond.

By showcasing their innovative initiatives, participants will have the chance to connect, strengthen their networks, and benefit from a collective growth dynamic. Rwanda, as the guest of honor, embodies this aspiration perfectly: the drive to move forward together.

The International Dakar Fair 2024 promises to be a landmark event where Rwanda, as the guest of honor, will showcase its economic and cultural achievements.

This event will provide a unique opportunity to celebrate the future of tourism and economic development in Africa while reinforcing the fraternal ties between Rwanda and Senegal. Get ready to discover an inspiring Rwanda and explore the many possibilities that this continental gathering has to offer.

{{karirima@igihe.com.}}

The occasion brought together key figures from the government, development partners, and private sector to reflect on the enduring partnership that has contributed to Rwanda’s transformation.

Yusuf Murangwa, Rwanda’s Minister of Finance and Economic Planning, delivered a keynote address that highlighted the pivotal role the AfDB has played in the country’s socio-economic growth.

“This moment offers us an opportunity to reflect on our impactful journey and reaffirm our shared visions for a brighter and more inclusive world,” Murangwa said, hailing Rwanda’s progress, calling the country “a beacon of hope and a model for economic development.”

He acknowledged President Kagame’s transformative leadership and the pivotal role of the AfDB in supporting Rwanda’s recovery and growth after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi.

The AfDB’s partnership with Rwanda dates back to 1965, with agriculture being the initial area of focus. Over the years, the collaboration has expanded to cover various sectors, including energy, water, sanitation, and infrastructure.

“These achievements are a testament to the strength of our partnership and the unwavering commitment of everyone involved,” Murangwa stated.

Today, Rwanda’s portfolio with the Bank stands at $2.21 billion, with 27 projects directly aligned with the country’s National Strategies for Transformation (NST1 and NST2).

One of the key areas of success highlighted at the event was the Bank’s investment in Rwanda’s energy sector. “These investments have been crucial in improving the standards of living and creating a foundation for sustainable economic growth,” Murangwa stated.

The country’s electricity access has seen a remarkable increase from 16.8% in 2012 to 74.4% in 2023, with the goal of achieving universal access in the near future.

In addition to infrastructure, the AfDB has supported Rwanda’s efforts in human capital development. A notable example is the establishment of Carnegie Mellon University Africa (CMU Africa) in Kigali in 2018, which offers world-class master’s programs in fields such as artificial intelligence and engineering.

Aissa Toure Sarr, AfDB Country Manager for Rwanda, highlighted Rwanda’s exceptional relationship with the African Development Bank, noting that it is the only country in Africa to fully utilize all the Bank’s financial mechanisms.

“Rwanda is the fifth largest customer of the AfDB on the continent. This underscores the country’s strong partnership with us,” she said.

Sarr discussed key challenges faced by the private sector, particularly the lack of adequate access to finance, technology, and capacity building, especially within the informal sector. She also addressed climate change issues, explaining that the Bank has established a fund to raise climate financing, which will help build more climate-resilient infrastructure.

Moving forward, Sarr stressed the importance of private sector development for Rwanda’s long-term growth, saying that the country’s future economic development will be driven by the private sector to achieve Rwanda’s Vision 2050 and National Strategy for Transformation goals.

“We must continue to build on this foundation, especially through private sector development, to secure Rwanda’s future prosperity,” she pointed out.

The celebration also featured the story of Jackline Gatsinzi Mupenzi, a beneficiary of the AfDB’s investments in education and skills development. Gatsinzi, who began her career in prosthetics and orthotics in 2014, shared her personal journey.

“Thanks to the AfDB’s investment in CEBE, I was able to further my education and refine my skills,” she said. Today, Gatsinzi advocates for the dignity and independence of persons with disabilities, using her expertise to drive change in her community.

Gatsinzi’s story is one of many that highlight the AfDB’s impact on human capital development. Thousands of professionals, including students, healthcare workers, and faculty members, have benefited from AfDB-supported training programs, scholarships, and research opportunities.

Notably, 40% of these beneficiaries are women, reflecting the Bank’s commitment to gender equity and inclusive growth.

The AfDB’s role in Rwanda’s development has been transformative, and with the shared vision for a sustainable future, the partnership is poised to continue its success.

This 60th anniversary not only marked a celebration of the past but also set the stage for the future, with a continued commitment to inclusive growth and sustainable development for Rwanda.

The initiative is part of UR’s curriculum for dental students and serves as a practical application of their training while giving back to the community.

Dr. Ramnath Elangovan, Acting Head of the Periodontology and Community Dentistry Department at UR, explained the scope of the campaign.

“This is part of our curriculum where students go into the community to serve and learn. Last time, we focused on schools in Kigali, such as GS Catholic Remera, GS Kimironko 1, and GS Kimironko 2. This time, we are moving outside Kigali to GS Catholic Nyamata, GS Catholic Nyamata EPR, and GS Kayenzi,” he said

The initiative has gained momentum through partnerships with the Kigali Cosmopolitan Rotary Club and Chemicotech Industries. These partners have provided resources like toothpaste and tooth brushes to support the campaign.

Elangovan noted that this year, his team targets reaching around 3,000 to 4,000 pupils in the schools. The future plan is to expand to border areas, ensuring that every child can benefit from oral health education.

He emphasized the significance of targeting children for such programs. “We believe that what we cannot bend at the age of five, we cannot bend at fifty. Educating children ensures they carry these lessons home to their families, spreading awareness within their communities.”

According to him, the collaboration between UR and the Rotary Club has been crucial to the success of the initiative. “The sponsorship and support we receive motivate our students to approach their work with confidence and dedication. It inspires us to expand the outreach further,” he noted.

Srinath Vardhineni, President of the Kigali Cosmopolitan Rotary Club, highlighted the role of Rotary in this initiative.

“Working with UR to teach young children about brushing techniques, the effects of sugar on teeth, and overall oral hygiene where over 25 doctors conduct screenings and providing reports on the children’s oral health is a good step in the right direction. We plan to expand the program next year to reach even more children,” he said.

The outreach not only benefits the community but also provides UR students with a deeper understanding of their role as health professionals.

Alexis Nshuti, a final-year Dental Surgery student, shared his perspective. “As much as this is a certified module in our course, it also teaches us the spirit of giving back to the community. We screen children, provide advice, and make referrals where necessary. It’s satisfying to see that we are contributing to better oral health awareness, especially as upcoming health professional.”

The program has already shown significant promise, with plans for annual expansion and increased funding. “This partnership demonstrates the power of collaboration in addressing health challenges. By working together, we can ensure oral health awareness reaches even the most underserved areas,” said Vardhineni.

As the outreach continues, its impact is clear. By educating young children, UR and the Rotary Club are laying the foundation for a healthier generation while instilling in students the value of community service.

This step was taken after discussions between the two parties in Luanda, Angola. Rwanda was represented by Minister of Foreign Affairs, Olivier Nduhungirehe, while the DRC was represented by Minister Therese K. Wagner. The meeting was also attended by Angola’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tete António, who acted as the mediator.

During the discussions, both sides reviewed a document outlining the plan for dismantling the FDLR, a group that Rwanda has repeatedly stated threatens its security. The document also details how Rwanda will lift the security measures it had previously imposed due to concerns over its security.

After agreeing on this plan, both parties signed the document. The Angolan Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated, “Since both parties have agreed on this matter, the Ministers decided that discussions on unresolved issues should continue as soon as possible.”

The signed document was prepared by security experts from the three countries, who met in late August and early September of this year. These activities are part of a project initiated by Angola, based on decisions made by the countries’ ministerial representatives during their meeting in Luanda on October 12, 2024.

The security experts from the three countries first met in Luanda on August 7 and 8, 2024, to discuss a way forward. They later reconvened in Rubavu in late September to prepare a report on how to dismantle the militia.

The Luanda talks began in 2022, when tensions escalated in the relationship between Rwanda and the DRC. Early that year, the DRC accused Rwanda of supporting the M23 rebel group, while Rwanda accused the DRC of supporting the FDLR. Both countries deny these allegations.

Rwanda’s involvement in the Luanda talks is due to the insecurity in the DRC, which has affected bilateral relations. The discussions are based on mutual accusations of support for armed groups and the need to repatriate Congolese refugees who have fled to neighboring countries, including Rwanda.

The event, coordinated by OAZIS Health in collaboration with Vet connect, IVSA Rwanda, The Global Antibiotics Resistance Foundation, Kundwa health and AMR Initiative, highlighted the importance of responsible antimicrobial use and stewardship in the context of the One Health approach.

Welcomed by Dr. Jean Bosco Ntivuguruzwa, acting Deputy Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine representing Nyagatare head of campus. He emphasized the University of Rwanda’s commitment to combating AMR by educating future leaders.

“The University of Rwanda is committed to producing future leaders who will drive impactful efforts against antimicrobial resistance. As ambassadors of change, you are called to promote awareness and catalyse meaningful actions within your communities. Your contribution to combat AMR includes raising the awareness in your community regarding the prudent use of antibiotics, respect hygiene practices, and proper waste disposal,” said Ntivuguruzwa.

He added that students hold the potential to be at the forefront of innovative solutions to AMR. He encouraged them to maintain a multidisciplinary team work to improve their creativity, acquire interdisciplinary knowledge, and nourish their passion to develop transformative strategies that will shape a healthier future for all.

Dr. Nadia Uwera, a Veterinary Doctor and Public Health Specialist, addressed the students during the workshop, emphasizing on the unique position of veterinary professionals in controlling AMR.

“As future veterinary professionals, you have the power to use and prescribe antimicrobials, you are at the forefront of the One Health approach, bridging animal and human health. So, use that power responsibly to protect the health of animals, human health, and the environment,” Uwera said.

She also encouraged the students to embrace best practices in antimicrobial stewardship, stressing the need to move away from outdated habits of irresponsible prescription.

“Fostering a culture of accountability and sustainable healthcare practices is essential for combating AMR,” Uwera added, urging the students to become role models in their communities and fields.

In the same spirit, Dr. Emile Ngabo, the Director of Operations at OAZIS Health, also spoke to the students, stressing the collective responsibility of all health professionals in addressing AMR.

“Antimicrobial resistance is not just a medical or veterinary issue; it is a shared challenge that requires a united front,” he said.

Ngabo stressed that the education students in the campus has a pivotal role to play, the student teachers are essential in promoting responsible antimicrobial use while educating and empowering future generations for a radical behavior change.

The week-long initiative included several activities aimed at raising awareness about AMR.
In addition to the workshop at UR, OAZIS Health launched a media campaign, featuring talk shows on various radio and television stations across the country.

These discussions reached a wide audience, emphasizing the importance of responsible antimicrobial use in both human, plants and veterinary health.

The organization also organized an online campaign that engaged thousands of participants from six countries including Rwanda, Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Uganda, reaching over 8,000 people on various online platforms including social media in collaboration with different regional stakeholders.

The campaign was conducted in multiple languages, including English, French, and local languages like Kinyarwanda, and Kiswahili, ensuring that the message about AMR resonated with diverse audiences across Africa.

AMR is a growing global health threat, with the World Health Organization warning that it is one of the top 10 health threats worldwide. In 2019 alone, more than 1.27 million deaths were attributed to drug-resistant infections.

As Rwanda continues to focus on educating the next generation of health professionals, the role of veterinary students in combating AMR is becoming increasingly critical. This year’s World AMR awareness week activities were conducted under the theme “Educate, Advocate, Act Now”

The workshop has strengthened a message that the fight against antimicrobial resistance requires cooperation across sectors and borders, with veterinary, environmental and healthcare professionals working together to ensure responsible use of antimicrobials.

Through initiatives like these, Rwanda is taking significant steps toward a future where AMR is managed effectively, safeguarding both human and animal health for generations to come.

Among these experts is Prof. Agatha Rockson, a legal scholar and professor from Ghana who also works in the United Kingdom.

Speaking to IGIHE, Prof. Rockson shared that she first visited ILPD in February 2024 while accompanying her law students from Ghana, who were studying Rwanda’s justice system. This visit introduced her to ILPD’s operations, which she greatly admired.

Prof. Rockson, who teaches law to undergraduate and postgraduate students in universities in both the UK and Ghana, stated that she came to ILPD to teach Common Law.

She remarked, “ILPD feels like an African institution. It hosts students from many countries, and teaching here is a blessing. The students themselves share diverse knowledge and experiences from their home countries, enriching the learning process.”

She added that teaching students with backgrounds in Civil Law enhances her own knowledge through discussions comparing the two legal systems, which she finds enriching. She also noted that ILPD leaves a positive and unforgettable impression, one she is eager to share with other legal scholars across Africa.

A major benefit of ILPD is the opportunity it provides students to network with peers from other countries, fostering confidence and creating lasting connections.

This teaching approach, which involves bringing in international experts, is widely appreciated by ILPD students. They see it as an honor and a chance to broaden their horizons.

Dorothy Batamuliza, one of ILPD’s students, told IGIHE that learning from experienced international professors in Common Law gives them confidence to compete on a global stage.

“These opportunities allow us to study law in a comprehensive manner, interacting with top legal professionals, and essentially pave the way for us to work abroad confidently,” she said.

Her sentiments were echoed by Ange Umutoniwase, who noted that beyond teaching, these professors help students establish connections with legal practitioners from distant countries, acting as excellent ambassadors who can provide assistance abroad.

“These professors teaching Common Law often come from the U.S. or Europe. When we meet someone teaching in London, for instance, they guide us on how to navigate such environments if we ever work there, ensuring we can operate without major challenges,” Umutoniwase explained.

Dr. Yves Sezirahiga, Deputy Director in charge of Academics and Research at ILPD, emphasized the institution’s commitment to continuing the recruitment of expert law professors.

“This is part of ILPD’s mission to build a robust and high-quality legal education system, ultimately contributing to a resilient justice system in Rwanda and Africa as a whole,” he said.

His remarks come amid reports of judges facing undue pressure from individuals dissatisfied with legal outcomes who bypass the proper appeals process and instead petition the President.

“If you lose a case, for God’s sake, appeal. Don’t write to the President accusing the judge of all sorts of things,” Mao stated. These comments were made during the release of the annual Justice Law and Order Sector report in Kampala, where Mao emphasized the importance of upholding judicial independence.

Mao criticized the growing trend of people threatening judges with petitions to the President. He cited the case of a judge currently under suspension due to claims of bias.

The situation arose after a Cabinet minister bypassed the legal system and lodged a complaint with the President over a case involving the Muslim Supreme Council.

Mao argued that such actions undermine the integrity of the judiciary and the legal framework, urging the President to redirect these complaints to the courts, where proper channels like the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court exist to address grievances.

The Minister also encouraged judges to stand firm against intimidation, acknowledging that errors are an inherent part of judicial work, as judgments are formed from interpretations of facts and law.

He further urged judges to make decisions promptly, as delays could erode public trust and lead to accusations of bias. “Make a quick decision,” he advised, underscoring the importance of timely justice,” he advised.

The issue has been further complicated by recent controversies involving Justice Faridah Bukirwa. Appointed in an acting capacity by President Museveni, Justice Bukirwa faced backlash after her decision to allow three Muslims to convene a General Assembly for the Uganda Muslim Supreme Council (UMSC).

UMSC leaders alleged her orders contravened their constitution, sparking high-profile petitions against her, including one from First Deputy Prime Minister Rebecca Kadaga.

However, the Judicial Service Commission (JSC) dismissed Kadaga’s petition, stating it lacked merit. After thorough investigations, the JSC concluded the complaint against Justice Bukirwa, which accused her of bias and abuse of authority, was unfounded.

Mao’s remarks underscore the pressing need for judicial independence in Uganda. By addressing these issues head-on, he aims to reinforce public trust in the legal system and ensure that judges can carry out their duties free from external interference.