Author: Sam K. Nkurunziza

“To prevent war between our two countries, we are committed to resolving disputes through peaceful means. This is what we have been doing since 2020 when Burundi initiated dialogue with Rwanda. To this day, Burundi remains open to discussions with Rwanda to settle the issues between us,” Ndayishimiye told diplomats in Burundi.

{{From threats to talks}}

Since late January 2025, Ndayishimiye had repeatedly declared his readiness to go to war with Rwanda. His fiery statements raised tensions in the already volatile Great Lakes region.

On January 31, he claimed Rwanda was planning to attack Burundi. While addressing diplomats, he said, “I am telling you, if things continue this way, war will spread across the region because the people will not allow this to happen. If Rwanda continues… the day they come to Burundi, we will not accept it.”

The tensions further grew on February 11, when Ndayishimiye, speaking to residents of Bugabira Commune in Kirundo Province, again gave a stun warning to Rwanda.

“Be prepared, do not be afraid, we know them well. Since the monarchy, they have never defeated us. Do you think they can defeat us now? Remind them, ‘Do you know where Kirundo stands? he questioned.

His remarks came amid fierce clashes in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the M23 armed group was advancing against forces that included Burundian troops.

{{A shift in tone}}

The turning point came during the African Union (AU) summit in Addis Ababa on February 15 2025. Reports suggest Ndayishimiye faced pressure from other African leaders who warned him about the serious consequences of his inflammatory statements.

By the next day, he had softened his stance. In a post on X, he revealed that discussions with Rwanda’s allies had given him assurances that Burundi would not be attacked.

“After discussions with Rwanda’s allies, those hoping to benefit from a Rwandan attack on Burundi should abandon their plans. But to my fellow Burundians, stay alert and vigilant,” he wrote.

{{Roots of the conflict}}

Tensions between Rwanda and Burundi flared in late 2023 when the RED Tabara armed group launched an attack in Gatumba Zone. This led Burundi to close its borders with Rwanda in January 2024.

Despite the rising hostility, Rwanda has consistently signaled openness to dialogue. In September 2024, Rwanda’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, Ambassador Olivier Nduhungirehe, reaffirmed Rwanda’s readiness to engage in talks with Burundi.

“Rwandans and Burundians are brothers and sisters who should live together peacefully,” he said.
Ndayishimiye’s latest statements suggest a step back from the brink. His willingness to return to the negotiating table marks a significant shift from his earlier threats of war.

The high-level discussions, which build on previous engagements in Kabale, Uganda (December 2023) and Nyagatare, Rwanda (May 2024), focused on border security, the movement of people and goods, and addressing shared threats affecting both nations.

In a joint communiqué issued after the meeting, the two delegations underscored their joint responsibility in safeguarding their common border, acknowledging that both countries have previously faced challenges in managing cross-border movement of insurgents and refugees.

“The main purpose of the meeting was to further strengthen cross-border security cooperation between Uganda and Rwanda and ease movement of persons and goods between the two countries,” the statement read.

The meeting was led by Maj. Gen. (Rtd.) Robert Rusoke, Uganda’s High Commissioner to Rwanda, and Ambassador Vincent Karega, Rwanda’s Envoy to the Great Lakes Region.

Discussions focused on longstanding security issues, particularly the control of illegal movements across the border, which have in the past been linked to insurgents, refugee flows, and smuggling activities.

The joint communiqué noted that the delegations “assessed the current status of shared challenges faced in the sectors of immigration, trade, customs, health, border demarcation, and security along our common border.”

Recognizing that unregulated movement of people has posed security risks in the past, both sides agreed on the need to enhance intelligence-sharing, strengthen border patrols, and coordinate immigration processes.

Additionally, the meeting reviewed the progress made in implementing regional security directives, particularly in relation to the Northern corridor integration projects.

While acknowledging the strides made, both countries also noted the potential challenges arising from the operationalization of these projects, calling for continued vigilance and cooperation.

Both Uganda and Rwanda emphasized the need for sustained dialogue and security collaboration to prevent any resurgence of border-related tensions.

“The two countries welcomed the continuous efforts to provide a platform for fruitful dialogue and cooperation,” the communiqué stated, highlighting the importance of cross-border coordination in managing both security and humanitarian concerns.

At the conclusion of the meeting, Maj. Gen. Rusoke and Ambassador Karega praised the continued commitment to regional peace and stability, emphasizing that both nations would work towards fully implementing agreed security measures.

“Both leaders hailed the continued spirit of good neighborliness between the two countries and expressed satisfaction with the outcomes of the meeting while committing to carry out regular follow-ups,” the communiqué affirmed.

The once-feared Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) led by Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony is rapidly losing its grip. Sources close to the situation indicate that Kony’s operations, once a terrifying force in central Africa, are now a shadow of their former self.

The Wagner Group, known for its mercenary work, has been arresting and forcing the LRA combatants to surrender, especially in the conflict-ridden areas of Darfur, Sudan, and the Central African Republic (CAR).]
The group has created a wall of security, making it increasingly difficult for Kony’s forces to operate freely.

According to New vision, Marianne Moor, head of Pax Netherlands, a non-governmental organization involved in helping former rebels reintegrate revealed that the group surrounding Kony has dissolved. “The only remaining part of the LRA is the one directly protecting Kony himself” she said.

The LRA, which once sought to establish a theocratic government based on Kony’s interpretation of the Ten Commandments, has long been notorious for abducting children and forcing them into brutal labor and warfare.

At its peak, the group displaced over 1.8 million people and claimed the lives of more than 100,000 in northern Uganda.

But now, with the Wagner Group closing in and Sudan’s civil war making the region unstable, Kony’s stronghold is crumbling. Many of his fighters, exhausted by years of war, have been abandoning the cause.

According to Moor, the pressure is becoming too much for some of the LRA members, and more defections are expected.

“We know that wherever the group enters, there is now significant military presence. The situation has become more difficult for Kony, and many of his fighters have surrendered to authorities,” said Moor.

One of the main reasons for these defections is the increasing hardships of life in the bush. Many of the fighters, including those who were once forcibly recruited, are seeing the grim reality of their situation.

Moor explained that some of these rebels, especially those from Congo and CAR, have been offered amnesty by the Ugandan government. Once they hear stories of earlier defectors being treated with respect and reintegrated, many decide to leave the group.

Kony’s diminishing forces now seem to pose little threat to Uganda. “His group is no longer the powerful force it once was. Unless Kony recruits new fighters, his group has lost its edge.”

The NGO has already repatriated 156 combatants back to Uganda, and more are expected to follow. These former fighters are being given a chance to rebuild their lives through programs that include medical and mental care, as well as traditional ceremonies to reintegrate them into their communities.

The collapse of the LRA signals the end of a brutal era for many across central Africa, but the peace process remains fragile. Governments will need to continue offering opportunities for reintegration to ensure that the cycle of violence does not return.

By the time you reach your mid-thirties, life often demands a higher level of competence and self-sufficiency. Navigating adulthood isn’t always smooth, but certain essential skills can make the journey easier and more rewarding.

From managing your emotions to handling basic finances, these capabilities form the foundation of a well-rounded, independent adult. Here are the critical life skills every person should aim to master by 35.

{{Adapting your humor to different situations}}

A well-developed sense of humor is more than just making people laugh, it’s about understanding social cues and adapting your jokes to fit the environment. By your mid-thirties, being able to adjust your humor appropriately shows emotional intelligence and social awareness.

Whether you’re in a professional setting, with close friends, or meeting new people, the ability to gauge what kind of humor is suitable reflects a mature understanding of interpersonal dynamics.

Humor can also be a coping mechanism, helping to navigate stressful situations with ease. Knowing when to be playful and when to remain serious allows you to build stronger relationships while easing tensions.

{{Managing personal finances}}

Financial literacy is crucial for anyone striving to maintain stability and achieve long-term goals. By 35, understanding the basics of budgeting, saving, and managing debt should be second nature.

This involves knowing how to track income and expenses, prepare for tax obligations, and make informed financial decisions. Mastering basic bookkeeping helps you maintain control over your financial well-being.

It also enables you to plan for future milestones like buying a home, investing for retirement, or covering emergencies. With increasing economic uncertainties, the ability to manage money effectively is a powerful tool for financial independence and peace of mind.

{{Prioritizing self-care and rest}}

In the fast-paced modern world, self-care is no longer a luxury, it is a necessity. By your mid-thirties, it is essential to have established habits that prioritize both physical and mental well-being.

This means scheduling regular rest, nourishing your body with balanced meals, and maintaining a consistent sleep routine. Prioritizing rest allows you to recharge and approach life with greater clarity and resilience.

Equally important is caring for your emotional health. Learning to set boundaries, engage in activities that bring joy, and recognize the signs of burnout can prevent long-term health issues.

{{Emotional regulation and managing stress}}

Handling emotions effectively is a hallmark of emotional intelligence. By 35, being able to identify, understand, and regulate your feelings is a critical life skill.

This means remaining calm during conflicts, expressing yourself clearly, and maintaining composure in stressful situations. Emotional regulation supports healthy relationships and informed decision-making.

Techniques like mindfulness, deep breathing, and cognitive reframing can help you navigate complex emotions. Developing this skill ensures you can cope with life’s challenges while maintaining a sense of balance and well-being.

Offering a sincere apology

The ability to apologize genuinely is a reflection of emotional maturity. By the time you reach your mid-thirties, understanding how to acknowledge your mistakes and make amends is essential for maintaining healthy relationships.

A sincere apology involves accepting responsibility, expressing remorse, and offering to repair any harm caused. Authentic apologies are a sign of growth, accountability, and respect for others’ feelings.

This skill fosters trust and emotional connection. Whether in personal or professional relationships, the ability to apologize can prevent lingering resentment and strengthen bonds.

{{Performing basic household tasks}}

Being able to manage a household independently is a practical skill that everyone should master by 35. This includes grocery shopping, cooking simple meals, cleaning, and basic home repairs.

Knowing how to maintain your living space not only fosters a sense of self-sufficiency but also creates a comfortable and functional environment.

Basic cooking skills allow you to prepare nutritious meals, while understanding home maintenance can save you time and money. This independence enhances confidence and ensures you can handle daily life without relying on others for every task.

{{Understanding and respecting others’ needs}}

A critical aspect of adult maturity is recognizing that people experience the world differently. By 35, you should be capable of understanding and respecting the needs and perspectives of others.

This means practicing empathy, being considerate, and adjusting your behavior to accommodate those around you. Simple gestures, such as being mindful of shared spaces or acknowledging others’ emotions, contribute to harmonious relationships.

Developing this awareness allows you to engage in meaningful interactions and create an environment where others feel valued and respected.

{{The essence of true adulthood}}

While mastering these skills by 35 can enhance your independence and emotional intelligence, true adulthood is not about perfection. It involves continuous growth, self-awareness, and the ability to ask for help when needed.

Each person’s journey is unique, and not everyone will excel in every area. However, striving to develop these essential life skills fosters a sense of confidence, adaptability, and compassion.

Ultimately, the ability to navigate life with resilience and grace is the hallmark of a fully realized adult.

He also noted that Chad’s planned exit from the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) could weaken the coalition’s ability to conduct counterterrorism operations effectively.

Speaking during a review meeting on February 26, 2025, with Field Commanders in Abuja, Air Marshal Abubakar highlighted the evolving tactics of terrorist groups, particularly their use of drones modified to carry locally fabricated grenades in kamikaze-style attacks.

He referenced an incident in Damboa last year as a clear sign of their growing capability to integrate drone warfare into their operations. Given this development, he stressed the urgent need to deploy a comprehensive Counter-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (C-UAV) system to protect military personnel and critical air assets.

On January 29, 2025, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) formally acknowledged the exit of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger following the completion of a one-year withdrawal notice period.

Despite their departure, ECOWAS has urged its member states to continue recognizing the national passports of the three nations bearing the ECOWAS logo “in the spirit of regional solidarity” until further notice.

The withdrawal of the three nations has deepened divisions within the bloc, casting uncertainty over the future of ECOWAS. The countries, which formally announced their intention to leave in January 2024, justified their decision by accusing ECOWAS of being overly influenced by France.

They have since pivoted toward alliances with Russia, Turkey, and Iran, while establishing their own regional coalition, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

With the deadline for their exit now in effect, the fracture in West Africa’s regional security and political landscape is becoming more pronounced, raising concerns about the broader implications for stability in the region.

As President of the OACPS Parliamentary Assembly, Tayebwa will play a crucial role in promoting the interests of African, Caribbean, and Pacific states on the global stage.

In his acknowledgment statement, he expressed gratitude to the delegates for electing him. “I take this opportunity to thank delegates of the Organization of the African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) Parliamentary Assembly for electing me as the President of the Assembly and Co-President of the OACPS, European Union Joint Parliamentary Assembly for the next two years,” he said.

Tayebwa recognized that his election was not only a vote of confidence in him but also in the Parliament of Uganda, the government, and the country as a whole. “This is a vote of confidence not only in the Parliament of Uganda but in the government and country as a whole,” he noted.

As President, Tayebwa pledged to focus on implementing the Samoa Agreement, which is the major operating legal framework between OACPS and the European Union. He also promised to put special emphasis on promoting trade between the EU and ACP countries through the removal of non-tariff barriers.

Additionally, he vowed to address key issues such as peace and security, promotion of social and human development, equality and social cohesion, climate change, and immigration.

“I promise to raise our flag high. During my presidency, I will focus on the implementation of the Samoa Agreement… I will put special emphasis on the promotion of trade between the EU and ACP countries through the removal of non-tariff barriers; peace and security, promotion of social and human development, equality and social cohesion, climate change, and immigration,” Tayebwa said.

He promised to work tirelessly to create a better world for all. “Working together, we shall create a better world for all,” he said.

The grenade attack, involving two explosives, targeted civilians attending a meeting organized by the AFC/M23 coalition at the public square known as ‘Place de l’Indépendance’ in Bukavu on February 27, 2025.

“President Tshisekedi strongly condemns this terrorist attack carried out by foreign forces present on Congolese soil,” the DRC presidential office stated.

However, this statement has been interpreted by some social media users as an attempt to mislead the public, especially since evidence suggests that the Kinshasa government may have been involved in the attack.

AFC/M23 spokesperson Lawrence Kanyuka asserted that the attack was carried out under direct orders from South Kivu Governor Jean-Jacques Purusi, following instructions from President Tshisekedi. He claimed that many people, including the perpetrators, died during the incident.

Kanyuka further explained that on February 26, 2025, Purusi spread threatening messages across social media, reinforcing Tshisekedi’s alleged plan to target civilians in Bukavu.

One of these messages reportedly indicated that February 27 would be a historic day, as members of the Wazalendo militia planned to assassinate AFC leader Corneille Nangaa during a meeting in Bukavu.

M23 President Bertrand Bisimwa reiterated that their initial investigation confirmed the grenades used in the attack were from Burundian forces operating in eastern DRC.

Reports circulating on social media suggest that individuals from both Burundi and DRC warned about the attack after learning of its advanced planning stages.

According to these sources, the objective was to assassinate Corneille Nangaa and other key leaders, which would destabilize the AFC coalition and instill fear among civilians who have generally coexisted peacefully with M23 and attended the meeting in large numbers.

It is alleged that the DRC government intended to use the attack to counter narratives from those claiming that life has improved in areas controlled by M23. Many locals have reported increased security since M23 took over the cities of Goma and Bukavu.

AFC/M23 announced that they have arrested two individuals linked to the attack and are actively pursuing others. The group also stated that they are implementing new measures to strengthen civilian security.

On Thursday, February 26, 2025, the trial of Béatrice Munyenyezi commenced at the High Court for International and Cross-Border Crimes in Nyanza, after she appealed the life sentence ruling delivered by the Huye Intermediate Court.

Munyenyezi rejected the court’s decision, claiming she should have been acquitted, arguing that the accusations against her stem from her family ties to relatives who were convicted of Genocide crimes.

Following the prosecution’s presentation on February 25, 2025, which detailed the basis for Munyenyezi’s conviction for murder, they continued the next day to justify the life imprisonment sentence by highlighting her role in facilitating the rape of women during the genocide.

The prosecution referenced a 2012 witness testimony in which the witness recounted approaching Munyenyezi to request documentation proving they were Hutu to escape persecution, as they belonged to the Tutsi ethnic group targeted during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

The witness described encountering Munyenyezi wearing a military shirt and holding a club before being taken to the Ihuriro Hotel. Upon reaching a roadblock near the hotel, the witness allegedly saw Munyenyezi’s mother-in-law, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, and her husband, Ntahobari Arsène Shalom.

At the roadblock, the witness claimed to have seen young women being brought in, some of whom recognized Munyenyezi and cried out, saying, “You studied with us at university, are you going to have us killed too?”

According to the prosecution, instead of killing these women, Munyenyezi allegedly ordered them to be taken to the cave beneath the Ihuriro Hotel, where the witness later heard screams of distress.

When questioned by the judge whether the screams implied the women were being sexually assaulted, the prosecution admitted that the initial trial had not fully examined this charge, and they would seek additional evidence to support the claim.

Munyenyezi is the daughter-in-law of Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, who served as the Minister of Family Welfare in Rwanda’s interim government during the Genocide. Her husband, Ntahobari Arsène Shalom, was also convicted of genocide crimes.

Munyenyezi was extradited to Rwanda from the United States in April 2021. On April 12, 2024, the Huye Intermediate Court sentenced her to life imprisonment.

The court has scheduled the next hearing for April 15, 2025, during which the prosecution will continue presenting its arguments supporting the sentence.