{{French President Francois Hollande, Gambia’s Yahya Jammeh, AU Commission chairperson Nkosazan Dlamini-Zuma and EU Commission President Jose-Manuel Barroso are among the numerous foreign dignitaries who will grace Nigeria’s centenary celebrations Thursday.}}
The centenary celebrations mark the February 1914 amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria into one state.
President Hollande heads to Nigeria under pressure to extend his country’s security role in Africa after launching military operations in Central African Republic and Mali.
He is the only Western head of state due to attend the centenary celebrations and will also take part in a conference on security, peace and development during his two-day visit.
The conference, where Dr Dlamini-Zuma will also speak, is themed on “Human Security, Peace and Development – Agenda for 21st Century Africa.”
French officials have been keen to talk up the Socialist leader’s status as an honoured guest at the centenary celebrations as a positive sign for France as she seeks to expand its investment and trade footprint in a country increasingly seen as the continent’s emerging economic powerhouse.
But Hollande, who hosted more than 40 African leaders for a summit on the continent’s security in December, also faces calls for France to do more to help Nigeria and other countries in the region address the threat posed by the growing strength and influence of Islamist groups.
{{Boko Haram}}
The issue was placed in sharp focus on Tuesday, when 43 students sleeping at a government boarding school in north-eastern Nigeria were burned, shot or hacked to death in an attack thought to have been the work of militants from the Boko Haram Islamist group that operates in the area.
Nigerian officials believe Boko Haram benefit from the porous nature of the country’s borders with Cameroon, Chad and Niger, which means militants can easily move out of reach of their security forces. They would like France to help and encourage its former colonies to do more to seal their frontiers.
“I think what we need is international cooperation from the French, from the French-speaking west African countries to work together to deal with this problem before it becomes a major problem for France, for western interests operating in west Africa,” Information Minister Labaran Maku said on Tuesday.
“It will devastate French interests if we allow this terror to go on,” the minister told local AIT television.
The instability of Nigeria’s north and bordering regions has had a direct impact on France in the form of the recent kidnappings in Cameroon of a French family and a Catholic priest. The victims were all released unharmed after intervention by Nigeria.
“What France has done with ‘Operation Serval’ in Mali and what Nigeria is doing against Boko Haram are complementary,” a French official said. “France fully intends to continue and deepen its intelligence dialogue with Nigeria.”
France sent troops into Mali last year to combat Al-Qaeda-linked radicals who had seized control of much of the vast desert north of the country.
That operation won plaudits internationally and broad support at home. But French voters have been less enthusiastic about this year’s deployment of troops to the Central African Republic to quell sectarian strife there.
{{Economic interests}}
Increasingly, Hollande’s domestic opponents are questioning the scale of France’s commitment in Africa and the reluctance of other western powers to provide military or financial backing for operations the president has portrayed as being driven by compelling security or humanitarian concerns.
After Jacques Chirac in 1999, Hollande is the second French president to have made an official visit to Africa’s most populous country, which formally became a unified British colony and protectorate in 1914.
On the economic front, Hollande has set French companies a target of doubling trade with Africa in the next five years — a goal that, if met, could generate 200,000 jobs, according to the French Finance ministry.
Although the value of France’s business links to the continent has continued to increase in absolute terms since its retreat from empire in the 1960s, it has been steadily losing market share and that trend has accelerated as African economies have boomed in recent years.
French interests in Nigeria are largely confined to the oil sector and both countries are keen to see French companies get more involved in the development of transport and other infrastructure.
Under an accord due to be signed during Hollande’s visit, the French Development Agency (AFD) is to provide 650 million euros ($892 million) in loans to help facilitate the development of the electricity network in the Abuja region in cooperation with French company Vergnet.
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